Manipulating Light Using Nanostructures
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Manipulating Light Using Nanostructures
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Author : Anil Ghimire
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Manipulating Light Using Nanostructures written by Anil Ghimire and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Atomic force microscopy categories.
Nanophotonics
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Author : Hongxing Xu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-11-09
Nanophotonics written by Hongxing Xu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-09 with Science categories.
The manipulation of light at the nanometer scale is highly pursued for both fundamental sciences and wide applications. The diffraction limit of light sets the limit for the smallest size of photonic devices to the scale of light wavelength. Fortunately, the peculiar properties of surface plasmons in metal nanostructures make it possible to squeeze light into nanoscale volumes and enable the manipulation of light and light–matter interactions beyond the diffraction limit. Studies on surface plasmons have led to the creation of a booming research field called plasmonics. Because of its various scientific and practical applications, plasmonics attracts researchers from different fields, making it a truly interdisciplinary subject. Nanophotonics: Manipulating Light with Plasmons starts with the general physics of surface plasmons and a brief introduction to the most prominent research topics, followed by a discussion of computational techniques for light scattering by small particles. Then, a few special topics are highlighted, including surfaceenhanced Raman scattering, optical nanoantennas, optical forces, plasmonic waveguides and circuits, and gain-assisted plasmon resonances and propagation. The book discusses the fundamental and representative properties of both localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmons. It explains various phenomena and mechanisms using elegant model systems with well-defined structures, is illustrated throughout with excellent figures, and contains an extensive list of references at the end of each chapter. It will help graduate-level students and researchers in nanophotonics, physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and electrical and electronic engineering get a quick introduction to this field.
Manipulating Light With Nanostructured Metals
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Author : Lieven B. P. Verslegers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Manipulating Light With Nanostructured Metals written by Lieven B. P. Verslegers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Plasmonics has emerged as a technology that enables the creation of a wide range of miniaturized photonic devices. Nanostructured metals provide numerous new opportunities for manipulating light at a deep-subwavelength scale. This dissertation covers our work on exploiting nanostructured metals to create new and improved optical functionality. We provided the first experimental demonstration of far-field lensing using an aperiodic plasmonic slit array. This approach offers large design freedom, since these structures derive their behavior from local geometry. We illustrated this flexibility through simulations of efficient and compact planar nanoslit lenses that compensate for various angles of incidence. We further demonstrated the ability to perform phase front design in two dimensions by varying the local geometry in metallic nanoscale pillar arrays. We also considered aperiodic arrays of coupled metallic waveguides and numerically demonstrated that, for an incident plane wave, a focus of as small as one-hundredth of a wavelength can be achieved for a focal distance that is much longer than the wavelength. Moreover, the focusing behavior can be controlled by changing either the incident wavelength or the angle of incidence. We showed that this behavior can be understood using Hamiltonian optics ray tracing. Lastly, we developed the coupled-mode theory for resonant apertures. Such apertures are of fundamental interest, and form the basic building blocks for many applications in subwavelength optics and optoelectronics. We showed that the maximum transmission and absorption cross sections for subwavelength resonant apertures are only related to the wavelength of the incident light and the directivity of the aperture's radiation pattern and explained the spectral behavior of structures that support multiple resonances.
Aperiodic Plasmonics
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Author : Xinpeng Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Aperiodic Plasmonics written by Xinpeng Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In the age of computers, there has been growing interest in many areas of science and engineering to use numerical techniques to explore problems that are mathematically or analytically intractable. In photonics specifically, there is a desire to design and realize non-periodic nanophotonic structures that outperform their periodic counterparts. One major obstacle to this goal is the necessity to solve the computationally expensive Maxwell's equations repeatedly over a vast parameter space. Here, we will apply the technique of numerical optimization to design aperiodic plasmonic nanostructures. Plasmonics, the study of driven collective oscillations of free electrons in metals, provides for optical modes with subwavelength footprints and is a promising compromise between the small world of electronics and the fast world of photonics. It is well known that nanostructured grooves and slits on a metallic surface are very strong generators and scatterers of surface plasmons, yet the geometries involved make exact analytical solutions impossible. The first step toward designing aperiodic plasmonic groove structures is to identify the fundamental building block of such structures, the metal-air groove, and simplify its mathematical representation so that calculations can be performed very quickly. After the building blocks are described in sufficient detail, the next step is the mathematical model that relates the individual building blocks together in a complete structure. We develop a computation strategy based on a transfer matrix model that can be used to calculate the plasmonic scattering properties of a number of closely spaced grooves to acceptable accuracy with extreme speed. Having characterized the building blocks and the model that glues them together, we apply these results, together with an optimization procedure, to design interesting aperiodic plasmonic groove structures. We first demonstrate a unidirectional launcher of surface plasmons from normally incident light with an extinction ratio of 55 to 1 using only five grooves. The unidirectional launcher is a great starting point due to its simplicity -- relatively few grooves are needed and there is only one operational wavelength, and yet the parameter space is already large enough to necessitate numerical optimization. Building on top of these results, we will conclude with an investigation of structures that split light into specific regions depending on their wavelength. This thesis demonstrates the ability to control the scattering and localization of plasmons using very few carefully chosen scattering elements, and the work presented here can be harnessed to design the next generation of subwavelength photonic devices.
Light Matter Interactions Of Plasmonic Nanostructures
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Author : Jennifer M. Reed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Light Matter Interactions Of Plasmonic Nanostructures written by Jennifer M. Reed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Lastly, in Chapter 5, the effect of surface plasmons on the propagation direction of electromagnetic wave around a spherical silver nanoparticle which shows an effective negative index of refraction is examined. In addition, light manipulation using a film of silver prisms with an effective negative index of refraction is also investigated. The silver prisms demonstrate polarization selective propagation for waveguide and optical filter applications. These studies provide insight into plasmonic mechanisms utilized to overcome the diffraction limit of light. Through better understanding of how to manipulating light with plasmonic nanostructures, further advancements in nanophotonic technologies for applications such as extremely subwavelength waveguides, sensitive optical detection, optical filters, polarizers, beam splitters, optical data storage devices, high speed data transmission, and integrated subwavelength photonic circuits can be achieved.
Plasmonic Control Of Light Emission
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Author : Young Chul Jun
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2010
Plasmonic Control Of Light Emission written by Young Chul Jun and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Enhanced light-matter interactions in light-confining structures (such as optical cavities) have been extensively investigated for both fundamental studies and practical applications. Plasmonic nanostructures, which can confine and manipulate light down to ~1 nm scale, are becoming increasingly important. Many areas of optical physics and devices can benefit from such extreme light concentration and manipulation. For example, fluorescent molecule or quantum dot (QD) emission can be strongly modified and controlled via surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling. In this dissertation, we present our theoretical and experimental studies on QD emission in metal nanogap structures that can provide extreme field concentration, enhancing light-matter interactions significantly. We start with a theoretical analysis of dipole emission in metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) waveguide structures. We look at both infinite (i.e. planar) and finite thickness MDM structures. We find that both structures exhibit strong spontaneous emission enhancements due to the tight confinement of modes between two metallic plates and that light emission is dominated by gap SPP coupling. For planar structures we present analytical solutions for the enhanced dipole decay rate, while for finite thickness MDM structures (i.e. nanoslits) we present results from numerical simulations. Next, we present our experiments on the SPP coupling of CdSe/ZnS QD emission in metal nanoslits. First, we observed clear lifetime and polarization state changes of QD emission with slit width due to gap SPP excitation. Second, with optimized side grooves (i.e. combined slit-groove and hole-groove structures), we collimated QD emission vertically into a very narrow angle, achieving an unprecedented level of directionality control, and visualized it with confocal scanning microscopy. Third, by using two metal plates as electrodes, we dynamically modulated the QD emission intensity and wavelength with external voltage. Finally, we extend our dipole emission calculation to several slot waveguide structures. We consider light emission in metal slots, metal-oxide-Si slots, and Si slot waveguides. We find that large spontaneous emission enhancements can be obtained over a broad range of wavelengths and that light emission is strongly funneled into slot waveguide modes. These represent broadband waveguide QED (quantum electro-dynamics) systems, which have unique merits for on-chip light sources and quantum information processing. These theoretical and experimental studies show that the SPP coupling of light emission is a very promising way to control light emission properties and may find broad application in spectroscopy, sensing, optoelectronics, and integrated optics.
Structured Light Fields
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Author : Mike Wördemann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-05-16
Structured Light Fields written by Mike Wördemann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-16 with Science categories.
The optical trapping of colloidal matter is an unequalled field of technology for enabling precise handling of particles on microscopic scales, solely by the force of light. Although the basic concept of optical tweezers, which are based on a single laser beam, has matured and found a vast number of exciting applications, in particular in the life sciences, there are strong demands for more sophisticated approaches. This thesis gives an introductory overview of existing optical micromanipulation techniques and reviews the state-of-the-art of the emerging field of structured light fields and their applications in optical trapping, micromanipulation, and organisation. The author presents established, and introduces novel concepts for the holographic and non-holographic shaping of a light field. A special emphasis of the work is the demonstration of advanced applications of the thus created structured light fields in optical micromanipulation, utilising various geometries and unconventional light propagation properties. While most of the concepts developed are demonstrated with artificial microscopic reference particles, the work concludes with a comprehensive demonstration of optical control and alignment of bacterial cells, and hierarchical supramolecular organisation utilising dedicated nanocontainer particles.
Light Manipulation By Plasmonic Nanostructures
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Author : Liu Wei
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2015-06-11
Light Manipulation By Plasmonic Nanostructures written by Liu Wei and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-11 with categories.
This book studies various effects related to the excitation of surface plasmons in different kinds of plasmonic nanostructures. We start with a general introduction of the field of plasmonics in Chapter 1, where we discuss both propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and localized surface plasmons (LSPs), and how they are related to each other through Bohr condition. In Chapter 2 we demonstrate a new mechanism to achieve complete spectral gaps without periodicity along the propagation direction based on the coupling of backward and forward modes supported by plasmonic nanostructures. In Chapter 3 we introduce the concept of plasmonic potentials and demonstrate how to obtain different kinds of potentials for SPPs in various modulated metal-dielectric-metal structures. We further show efficient beam shaping in such potentials. In Chapter 4 we study scattering pattern shaping involving optically-induced magnetic responses within nanoparticles. We have achieved both unidirectional forward scattering with individual core-shell nanoparticles and polarization-independent Fano resonances in such nanparticle arrays. At the end we discuss the challenges and future developments.
Nanophotonics And Plasmonics
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Author : Dr. Ching Eng (Jason) Png
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-08-21
Nanophotonics And Plasmonics written by Dr. Ching Eng (Jason) Png and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a first integrated view of nanophotonics and plasmonics, covering the use of dielectric, semiconductor, and metal nanostructures to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. The presentation highlights similarities and advantages, and shows the common underlying physics, targets, and methodologies used for different materials (optically transparent materials for nanophotonics, vs opaque materials for plasmonics). Ultimately, the goal is to provide a basis for developing a unified platform for both fields. In addition to the fundamentals and detailed theoretical background, the book showcases the main device applications. Ching Eng (Jason) Png is Director of the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore. Yuriy A. Akimov is a scientist in the Electronics and Photonics Department at the Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
Manipulating Light Matter Interactions With Plasmonic Metamolecules And Metasurfaces
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Author : Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Manipulating Light Matter Interactions With Plasmonic Metamolecules And Metasurfaces written by Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The interaction of electromagnetic waves with materials is at the basis of several phenomena influencing our everyday lives. Throughout the past few decades we are witnessing a rapid progress in the development of new platforms to engineer and design different aspects of wave-matter interaction for applications ranging from green energy harvesting, to high speed data communication, and medicine. In line with these developments, the advent of metamaterials, or artificially structured materials, introduces an alternative path to mold and control electromagnetic waves with degrees of freedom that are not accessible in natural materials. There is, however, a strong need to broaden the range of applicability of metamaterials thorough strong nanoscale light management, real-time tunability, ease of fabrication, and lowering the losses. In this study we discuss that to what extent it is possible to engineer the scattering, absorption, and local wave-matter interaction of metamolecules, as the basic building-blocks of metamaterials, as well as assembles of them forming complex systems. In this work, first, we propose and investigate new nanoparticle geometries with tailored complex absorption and scattering signatures. We demonstrate that plasmonic-based nanostructures can be tailored to provide unprecedented control of their scattering and absorption/emission response over broad bandwidths, specifically in the optical frequency range. We show that judicious combination of plasmonic-dielectric singular nanoparticles provides very efficient broadband and controllable light absorption and amplification. Based on these composite elements, we propose a nanoscale optical switch with strong sensitivity and tunability. These engineered nanoparticles are also particularly interesting for applications in nonlinear optics, spasing, and energy-harvesting devices. Next, we answer the fundamental question of "to what extent the unwanted scattering from a general absorbing body may be reduced?". We demonstrate the theoretical limitations of a furtive sensor and provide a proof of the concept implementation of minimum-scattering superabsorbers at optical and microwave frequencies. Based on our theoretical analysis, we also explore experimental realization of microwave low-scattering antennas. This study is of particular importance for the near-field subdiffractive probing and closely-packed antenna designs. Last, we propose a new degree of freedom in controlling the propagation and scattering of light through proper arrangements of dissimilar metamolecules over a surface, i.e. gradient metasurfaces. We theoretically investigate and design metasurfaces that are capable of performing complex wave shaping functionalities such as cloaking, yet, over a single ultrathin volume. Our full analytical approach enables us to underline the inherent limitations and wide range of capabilities of metasurfaces, and we propose novel techniques to significantly improve the efficiency of wave manipulation by metasurfaces. We also investigate the proposed concept of local wave manipulation in several practical applications in beam steering, improved energy harvesting, and cloaking arbitrary obstacles, accompanied by experimental realization of negative reflection from optical metasurfaces. Such unprecedented control of optical wave propagation along with compatibility of metasurfaces with standard lithographic techniques and on-chip technology will significantly impact the future application of metasurfaces, paving the way toward flat, compact optical devices.
