Map Algorithms For Decoding Linear Block Codes Based On Sectionalized Trellis Diagrams
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Map Algorithms For Decoding Linear Block Codes Based On Sectionalized Trellis Diagrams
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-09-16
Map Algorithms For Decoding Linear Block Codes Based On Sectionalized Trellis Diagrams written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-16 with Science categories.
The MAP algorithm is a trellis-based maximum a posteriori probability decoding algorithm. It is the heart of the turbo (or iterative) decoding which achieves an error performance near the Shannon limit. Unfortunately, the implementation of this algorithm requires large computation and storage. Furthermore, its forward and backward recursions result in long decoding delay. For practical applications, this decoding algorithm must be simplified and its decoding complexity and delay must be reduced. In this paper, the MAP algorithm and its variations, such as Log-MAP and Max-Log-MAP algorithms, are first applied to sectionalized trellises for linear block codes and carried out as two-stage decodings. Using the structural properties of properly sectionalized trellises, the decoding complexity and delay of the MAP algorithms can be reduced. Computation-wise optimum sectionalizations of a trellis for MAP algorithms are investigated. Also presented in this paper are bi-directional and parallel MAP decodings.Lin, ShuGoddard Space Flight CenterALGORITHMS; DECODING; LINEAR SYSTEMS; PROBABILITY THEORY; ERRORS; COMPUTATION
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes
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Author : Shu Lin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes written by Shu Lin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As the demand for data reliability increases, coding for error control becomes increasingly important in data transmission systems and has become an integral part of almost all data communication system designs. In recent years, various trellis-based soft-decoding algorithms for linear block codes have been devised. New ideas developed in the study of trellis structure of block codes can be used for improving decoding and analyzing the trellis complexity of convolutional codes. These recent developments provide practicing communication engineers with more choices when designing error control systems. Trellises and Trellis-based Decoding Algorithms for Linear Block Codes combines trellises and trellis-based decoding algorithms for linear codes together in a simple and unified form. The approach is to explain the material in an easily understood manner with minimal mathematical rigor. Trellises and Trellis-based Decoding Algorithms for Linear Block Codes is intended for practicing communication engineers who want to have a fast grasp and understanding of the subject. Only material considered essential and useful for practical applications is included. This book can also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.
Map Algorithms Applied To Linear Block Codes With Sectionalized Trellis Diagrams
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Author : Ye Liu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Map Algorithms Applied To Linear Block Codes With Sectionalized Trellis Diagrams written by Ye Liu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Error-correcting codes (Information theory) categories.
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 The Map And Related Decoding Algirithms
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-08-20
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 The Map And Related Decoding Algirithms written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-20 with categories.
In a coded communication system with equiprobable signaling, MLD minimizes the word error probability and delivers the most likely codeword associated with the corresponding received sequence. This decoding has two drawbacks. First, minimization of the word error probability is not equivalent to minimization of the bit error probability. Therefore, MLD becomes suboptimum with respect to the bit error probability. Second, MLD delivers a hard-decision estimate of the received sequence, so that information is lost between the input and output of the ML decoder. This information is important in coded schemes where the decoded sequence is further processed, such as concatenated coding schemes, multi-stage and iterative decoding schemes. In this chapter, we first present a decoding algorithm which both minimizes bit error probability, and provides the corresponding soft information at the output of the decoder. This algorithm is referred to as the MAP (maximum aposteriori probability) decoding algorithm. Lin, Shu and Fossorier, Marc Goddard Space Flight Center NAG5-931; NAG5-2938...
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 An Iterative Decoding Algorithm For Linear Block Codes Based On A Low
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-10-18
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 An Iterative Decoding Algorithm For Linear Block Codes Based On A Low written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-18 with Science categories.
For long linear block codes, maximum likelihood decoding based on full code trellises would be very hard to implement if not impossible. In this case, we may wish to trade error performance for the reduction in decoding complexity. Sub-optimum soft-decision decoding of a linear block code based on a low-weight sub-trellis can be devised to provide an effective trade-off between error performance and decoding complexity. This chapter presents such a suboptimal decoding algorithm for linear block codes. This decoding algorithm is iterative in nature and based on an optimality test. It has the following important features: (1) a simple method to generate a sequence of candidate code-words, one at a time, for test; (2) a sufficient condition for testing a candidate code-word for optimality; and (3) a low-weight sub-trellis search for finding the most likely (ML) code-word. Lin, Shu and Fossorier, Marc Goddard Space Flight Center NAG5-931; NAG5-2938
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-10-18
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-18 with Science categories.
Decoding algorithms based on the trellis representation of a code (block or convolutional) drastically reduce decoding complexity. The best known and most commonly used trellis-based decoding algorithm is the Viterbi algorithm. It is a maximum likelihood decoding algorithm. Convolutional codes with the Viterbi decoding have been widely used for error control in digital communications over the last two decades. This chapter is concerned with the application of the Viterbi decoding algorithm to linear block codes. First, the Viterbi algorithm is presented. Then, optimum sectionalization of a trellis to minimize the computational complexity of a Viterbi decoder is discussed and an algorithm is presented. Some design issues for IC (integrated circuit) implementation of a Viterbi decoder are considered and discussed. Finally, a new decoding algorithm based on the principle of compare-select-add is presented. This new algorithm can be applied to both block and convolutional codes and is more efficient than the conventional Viterbi algorithm based on the add-compare-select principle. This algorithm is particularly efficient for rate 1/n antipodal convolutional codes and their high-rate punctured codes. It reduces computational complexity by one-third compared with the Viterbi algorithm. Lin, Shu Goddard Space Flight Center NAG5-931; NAG5-2938
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 An Iterative Decoding Algorithm For Linear Block Codes Based On A Low Weight Trellis Search
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-15
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 An Iterative Decoding Algorithm For Linear Block Codes Based On A Low Weight Trellis Search written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-15 with categories.
For long linear block codes, maximum likelihood decoding based on full code trellises would be very hard to implement if not impossible. In this case, we may wish to trade error performance for the reduction in decoding complexity. Sub-optimum soft-decision decoding of a linear block code based on a low-weight sub-trellis can be devised to provide an effective trade-off between error performance and decoding complexity. This chapter presents such a suboptimal decoding algorithm for linear block codes. This decoding algorithm is iterative in nature and based on an optimality test. It has the following important features: (1) a simple method to generate a sequence of candidate code-words, one at a time, for test; (2) a sufficient condition for testing a candidate code-word for optimality; and (3) a low-weight sub-trellis search for finding the most likely (ML) code-word. Lin, Shu and Fossorier, Marc Goddard Space Flight Center NAG5-931; NAG5-2938...
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 A Recursive Maximum Likelihood Decoding
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-15
Trellises And Trellis Based Decoding Algorithms For Linear Block Codes Part 3 A Recursive Maximum Likelihood Decoding written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-15 with categories.
The Viterbi algorithm is indeed a very simple and efficient method of implementing the maximum likelihood decoding. However, if we take advantage of the structural properties in a trellis section, other efficient trellis-based decoding algorithms can be devised. Recently, an efficient trellis-based recursive maximum likelihood decoding (RMLD) algorithm for linear block codes has been proposed. This algorithm is more efficient than the conventional Viterbi algorithm in both computation and hardware requirements. Most importantly, the implementation of this algorithm does not require the construction of the entire code trellis, only some special one-section trellises of relatively small state and branch complexities are needed for constructing path (or branch) metric tables recursively. At the end, there is only one table which contains only the most likely code-word and its metric for a given received sequence r = (r(sub 1), r(sub 2), ..., r(sub n)). This algorithm basically uses the divide and conquer strategy. Furthermore, it allows parallel/pipeline processing of received sequences to speed up decoding. Lin, Shu and Fossorier, Marc Goddard Space Flight Center NAG5-931; NAG5-2938.
Iterative Trellis Decoding For Block Codes
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Author : Frédéric Fontaine (Michel)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Iterative Trellis Decoding For Block Codes written by Frédéric Fontaine (Michel) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Turbo Coding For Satellite And Wireless Communications
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Author : M. Reza Soleymani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-18
Turbo Coding For Satellite And Wireless Communications written by M. Reza Soleymani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
6. 5 137 7 Performance of BTCs and 139 their Applications 7. 1 Introduction 139 7. 2 Some Results from the Literatures 139 7. 3 Applications of Block Turbo Codes. 142 7. 3. 1 Broadband Wireless Access Standard 144 7. 3. 2 Advanced Hardware Architectures (AHA) 145 7. 3. 3 COMTECH EF DATA 147 7. 3. 4 Turbo Concept 149 7. 3. 5 Paradise Data Com 150 Summary 7. 4 151 8 Implementation Issues 153 8. 1 Fixed-point Implementation of Turbo Decoder 153 8. 1. 1 Input Data Quantization for DVB-RCS Turbo Codes 155 8. 1. 2 Input Data Quantization for BTC 157 8. 2 The Effect of Correction Term in Max-Log-MAP Algorithm 159 8. 3 Effect of Channel Impairment on Turbo Codes 163 8. 3. 1 System Model for the Investigation of Channel Impairments 163 8. 3. 2 Channel SNR Mismatch 164 8. 3. 2. 1 Simulation Results 165 8. 3. 3 Carrier Phase Recovery 170 8. 3. 3. 1 The Effect of Phase Offset on the Performance of RM Turbo Codes 170 8. 3. 3. 2 The Effect of Preamble Size on the Performance of RM Turbo Codes 170 8. 3. 3. 3 Simulation Results 170 8. 4 Hardware Implementation of Turbo Codes 171 8. 5 Summary 175 9 177 Low Density Parity Check Codes 9. 1 Gallager Codes: Regular Binary LDPC Codes 177 9. 2 Random Block Codes 178 9. 2. 1 Generator Matrix 179 9. 2.