Marcus Garvey And The Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xiii
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Marcus Garvey And The Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xiii
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Marcus Garvey And The Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xiii written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xiii
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 2016-04-07
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xiii written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-07 with History categories.
Volume XIII of The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers covers the twelve months between the UNIA's second international convention in New York in August 1921 and the third convention in August 1922. It was a particularly tumultuous time for Garvey and the UNIA: Garvey’s relationship with the UNIA's top leadership began to fracture, the U.S. federal government charged Garvey with mail fraud, and his Black Star Line operation suffered massive financial losses. This period also witnessed a marked shift in Garvey's rhetoric and stance, as he retreated from his previously radical anticolonial positions, sought to court European governments as well as the leadership of the Ku Klux Klan, and moved against his political rivals. Despite these difficult and uncertain times, Garveyism expanded its reach throughout the Caribbean archipelago, which, as Volume XIII confirms, became the UNIA's de facto home in the early 1920s. The volume's numerous reports from the UNIA's Caribbean divisions and chapters describe what it was like for UNIA activists living and working under extremely repressive circumstances. The volume's major highlight covers the U.S. military's crackdown on the UNIA in the Dominican Republic, as documented in the correspondence between John Sydney de Bourg—whom Garvey had dispatched to monitor the situation—and U.S. and British government officials. In addition to UNIA divisional reports and de Bourg's extensive correspondence, Volume XIII contains a wealth of newspaper articles, political tracts, official documents, and other sources that outline the complex responses to Garveyism throughout the United States, the Caribbean, and Europe, all the while documenting this watershed moment for Garvey and the UNIA.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol I
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: University of California Press
Release Date : 1983-11-04
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol I written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by University of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983-11-04 with History categories.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol Iii
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-09-01
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol Iii written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with History categories.
This is the third volume of Robert A. Hill's massive ten-volume survey of Marcus Mosiah Garvey and the extraordinary mass movement of black social protest he inspired. Hill brings together a wealth of original documents-speeches, letters, newspaper articles, intelligence reports, pamphlets, and diplomatic dispatches--to provide a record of the period between the first and second international conventions of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. The success of the August 1920 convention, as documented in Volume II, justified Garvey's expanded emphasis on African redemption and established his movement's substantial following in black communities around the world. And by the time of the August 1921 convention, the UNIA was the major political force among blacks in the postwar world. As Volume III reveals, however, there arose signs of crisis in the movement. Garvey's lieutenants began to doubt both the financial health of the Black Star Line and the wisdom of Garvey's methods of raising money for his Liberian colonization and trade scheme. Soon the entire Black Star Line enterprise hovered on the brink of bankruptcy and a steep decline in the shipping business made prospects for the Black Star Line even less promising. But Garvey capitalized on the momentum gathered at the August 1920 convention and spent much of his time in a new round of promotional tours devoted to selling Black Star Line stock, shoring up weak UNIA divisions, and chartering new ones. This gave J. Edgar Hoover his long-awaited opportunity to remove Garvey from the Afro-American political scene. When Garvey embarked on a promotional tour of the West Indies and Central America in February 1921, the United States government, with some assistance from the British, attempted to keep Garvey from returning to the country. Garvey's trip was to mark a turning point in the history of the UNIA. Garvey's lieutenants, who were charged with running the UNIA during his absence, frequently clashed over unclear lines of authority. This also created severe difficulties for the Black Star Line and the UNIA's Liberian project. Under these circumstances, Garvey asked for and received, from the 1921 convention, control over all UNIA and Black Star Line finances as a means of centralizing all authority in his hands. At the same time Garvey launched an attack at the convention against those black leaders, including W. E. B. Du Bois, whom he perceived as opponents of the UNIA. He further initiated a controversial campaign to label these political opponents as advocates of "social equality" between the races, while offering as an alternative his philosophy of "racial purity." This volume is the third of six that focus on America; the seventh and eighth focus on Africa, and the last two on the Caribbean. In Volume III, Robert Hill documents the complexities and turmoil of the Garvey movement from 1920 to 1921, as an unfolding drama emerges that pits American and European political, diplomatic, and economic interests against the first comprehensive expression of the modern black struggle for freedom.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers
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Author : Robert A. Hill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers written by Robert A. Hill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol V
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-09-01
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol V written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with History categories.
The fifth volume of this monumental series chronicles what was perhaps the stormiest period in the history of Marcus Garvey and the UNIA: the aftermath of the tumultuous 1922 convention. Outside the UNIA a growing list of opponents, including the black Socialists A. Philip Randolph and Chandler Owen, and the NAACP's Robert Bagnall and William Pickens, were turning their criticism of the controversial Jamaican into a "Garvey Must Go" campaign. Meanwhile, Garvey's former UNIA ally, Rev. J. W. H. Eason-who had been impeached at the 1922 convention-was emerging as a dangerous rival. Eason was assassinated in January 1923, just as he was to testify against Garvey in the latter's mail-fraud trial. Though it may be impossible to determine if Garvey had a role in the killing, the murder generated negative publicity that did untold damage to Garvey and his organization. Throughout all this, the federal government pressed its case against Garvey and his co-defendants on mail-fraud charges stemming from irregularities in the sale of Black Star Line stock. In June 1923 a jury found Garvey guilty and he was sentenced to five years in prison. Internecine feuds wracked the movement while Garvey languished in New York City's Tombs prison, awaiting bail so that he could mount an appeal. As soon as he was released in September 1923, he turned his energy to reconsolidating the UNIA. while considering the best appeal strategy. For the UNIA Garvey resurrected an old commercial message: that economic salvation was to be found in ships. In March 1924 he reconstituted the defunct Black Star Line as the Black Cross Navigation and Trading Co. and bought a ship, the S. S. General Goethals, in time for a tour of it by convention delegates. The shipboard tour proved to be a highlight of the 1924 convention, during which UNIA leadership was stunned by the Liberian government's formal repudiation of the movement's African colonization plans. Despite the UNIA's unexpected setback in Liberia, the movement continued to spread into new places, particularly in America's southern states. Generously illustrated with photographs and facsimile documents, Volume V of The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers upholds the impeccable editorial standards of the first four volumes. Once again, a wealth of new sources collected from around the world demonstrates how vitally important Marcus Garvey and the mass movement he controlled were to Afro-American history.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol Ii
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2023-09-01
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Vol Ii written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-01 with History categories.
This second volume of Robert A. Hill's monumental ten-volume survey of Marcus Mosiah Garvey's extraordinary mass movement of black social protest covers a period of rapid growth. The Universal Negro Improvement Association, with its "Africa for the Africans" program of racial nationalism, rapidly gained in strength in the aftermath of Garvey's successful meeting in Carnegie Hall in August 1919, and culminated in its spectacular First International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World in 1920. Hill has compiled a wealth of archival documents and original manuscripts, with descriptive source notes and explanatory footnotes. He provides a fascinating account of the spread of Garvey's movement, which was seen-and feared-by officials in America, Europe, and colonial governments in Africa and the Caribbean as the major ideological force promoting radical consciousness among blacks. Hill continues the comprehensive outline begun in Volume I of Garvey's Black Star Line, the all-black merchant marine, and documents the beginnings of Garvey's proposals for massive loans to the Liberian government. These controversial financial schemes led to Garvey's reputation as a swindler, and Volume II details the first charges of fraud. The federal investigation of Garvey broadened and deepened during 1919--1920, with J. Edgar Hoover--then an assistant to the attorney general--continuing to search tor grounds to deport Garvey. Included here are numerous repons from government agents and informers, which provide a valuable ponrait of day-to-day UNIA operations. Volume II ends with the UNIA's 1920 convention, presented by Garvey as a turning point in the history of black-white relations. The legislation and the elective offices produced by that convention were intended to form a virtual government in exile for Africa, fulfilling Garvey's ambition to practice statecraft and create the symbols of black nationhood and sovereignty. This volume is the second of six that focus on America; the seventh and eighth focus on Africa, and the last two on the Caribbean. Hill has brought together far more than a portrait of a single intriguing historical figure. Garvey's movement was a mass social phenomenon, an Afro-American protest movement with strong links to African and Caribbean nationalism in the first decades of the twentieth century.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with African Americans categories.
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xi
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Author : Marcus Garvey
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 1983
The Marcus Garvey And Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Volume Xi written by Marcus Garvey and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
DIVThese papers contain over 2300 documents relating to the presence and influence of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Caribbean from 1911 to 1945./div