Masculinity Femininity
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Masculinity And Femininity
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Author : Geert Hofstede
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1998-05-13
Masculinity And Femininity written by Geert Hofstede and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-05-13 with Psychology categories.
In 1980, Geert Hofstede published his monumental work CultureÆs Consequences, which laid out four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures could be understood: individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Since then much research has been conducted and presented on individualism/collectivism but until now, no single volume has focused on the masculinity dimension of the model. In Masculinity and Femininity, Hofstede has expanded, sharpened, and deepened the discussion of masculinity and femininity. This new volume presents the first thoroughly developed discussion of this dimension and how it can help us understand the differences among cultures. It begins with a general explanation of masculinity and discusses how it illuminates broad features of different cultures. It then applies the dimension more specifically to gender, sexuality, and religion. Finally, the book examines how the masculinity dimension reveals a lot about a cultureÆs expressions of religious ideas, the importance its citizens attach to religion, and the way religious concepts are understood. Intended as a companion volume to KimÆs Individualism and Collectivism, this important volume will be of interest to those teaching courses such as cross-cultural psychology, international social welfare, international business, womenÆs studies, cultural studies, and the psychology of women.
Masculinity And Femininity
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Author : Janet T. Spence
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2014-11-06
Masculinity And Femininity written by Janet T. Spence and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-06 with Psychology categories.
Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.
Masculinity Femininty Re Framing A Fragmented Debate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-05-06
Masculinity Femininty Re Framing A Fragmented Debate written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-06 with Law categories.
The representations and performances of femininity and masculinity are no longer set in stone according to traditions imposed by society. Gender identity and gender roles are evolving. This ebook provides multiple perspectives on the issue that re-frame the debate in a modern context.
Masculinity And Femininity In The Mmpi 2 And Mmpi A
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Author : Hale Martin, Stephen E. Finn
language : en
Publisher: U of Minnesota Press
Release Date : 2010
Masculinity And Femininity In The Mmpi 2 And Mmpi A written by Hale Martin, Stephen E. Finn and has been published by U of Minnesota Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Femininity categories.
Femininity Masculinity And Androgyny
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Author : Mary Vetterling-Braggin
language : en
Publisher: Totowa, N.J. : Rowman and Littlefield
Release Date : 1982
Femininity Masculinity And Androgyny written by Mary Vetterling-Braggin and has been published by Totowa, N.J. : Rowman and Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Psychology categories.
Masculinity Femininity And American Political Behavior
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Author : Monika L. McDermott
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-07-01
Masculinity Femininity And American Political Behavior written by Monika L. McDermott and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Political Science categories.
What influences political behavior more -- one's gender or one's gendered personality traits? Certain gendered traits have long been associated with particular political leanings in American politics. For example, the Democratic Party is thought to have a compassionate, feminine nature while the Republican Party is deemed to have a tougher, more masculine nature. Masculinity, Femininity, and American Political Behavior, a first-of-its-kind analysis of the effects of individuals' gendered personality traits -- masculinity and femininity -- on their political attitudes and behavior, argues that gendered personalities, and not biological sex, are what drive the political behavior of individual citizens. Drawing on a groundbreaking national survey measuring gendered personality traits and political preferences, the book shows that individuals' levels of masculine and feminine personality traits help to determine their party identification, vote choice, ideology, and political engagement. And in conjunction with biological sex, these traits also influence attitudes about sex roles. For example, the more strongly an individual identifies with "feminine" characteristics, the more strongly they identify with the Democratic Party. Likewise, the more "masculine" an individual, the more they are drawn to the GOP. The book also demonstrates that, despite conventional wisdom, biological sex does not dictate gendered personalities. As such, the personality trait approach of the book moves gender and politics research well beyond the traditional male/female dichotomy. Moreover, Masculinity, Femininity, and American Political Behavior points to new and as yet underexplored strategies for candidate campaigns, get out the vote efforts, and officeholders' governing behavior.
Sex And Gender
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Author : Robert J. Stoller
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-02-17
Sex And Gender written by Robert J. Stoller and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-17 with Psychology categories.
In this book, the author describes patients with marked abberrations in their masculinity and feminity--primarily transsexuals, transvestites and patients with marked biological abnormalities of their sex - in order to find clues to gender development in more normal people.
Femininity And Masculinity In Eighteenth Century Art And Culture
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Author : Gillian Perry
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 1994
Femininity And Masculinity In Eighteenth Century Art And Culture written by Gillian Perry and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Arts, Modern categories.
Focusing on the visual arts and written texts, this book explores the nature of femininity and masculinity in 18th-century Britain and France. The activities and collective conditions of women as producers of art and culture are investigated, together with analysis of representation and the ways in which it might be gendered. This illustrated book should make an important contribution to debates on representation, constructions of sexuality and women as producers.
Sex And Personality Studies In Masculinity And Femininity
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Author : Lewis M. Terman
language : en
Publisher: Read Books Ltd
Release Date : 2013-04-04
Sex And Personality Studies In Masculinity And Femininity written by Lewis M. Terman and has been published by Read Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-04 with Psychology categories.
Lewis Madison Terman (1877-1956) was an American psychologist, noted as a pioneer in educational psychology in the early 20th century at the Stanford University School of Education. Sex differences in personality and temperament are matters of universal human interest. Among all classes of people, from the most ignorant to the most cultivated, they provide an inexhaustible theme for light conversation and humorous comment. They have always been and perhaps always will be one of the chief concerns of novelists, dramatists, and poets. They are rapidly coming to be recognized as one of the central problems in anthropology, sociology, and psychology.
Masculinity Femininity
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Author : June Machover Reinisch
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1987
Masculinity Femininity written by June Machover Reinisch and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Psychology categories.
In recent years the terms masculine and feminine have generated considerable debate. This book examines major issues in sex differentiation research on humans and animals, reflecting the Kinsey Institute's broad emphasis on integrated, multi-disciplinary research.