Material Study Of The Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
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Material Study Of The Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
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Author : Cong Sun (Ph. D.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Material Study Of The Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by Cong Sun (Ph. D.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Steel laminated elastomeric bearings are widely used in concrete bridges due to their low cost and long history of good structural performance. However, elastomeric bearings have not been used extensively in steel bridge systems. Compared to concrete bridges, steel bridge systems generally have longer spans and may have significant support skew and horizontally curved geometry that results in significant demands on the bearings at the supports to accommodate rotations and complex bridge movements from both thermal loads and daily truck traffic. For such bridges, more costly pot bearings are normally used. The research described in this dissertation was part of a larger study investigating the possibility of using elastomeric bearings in such higher demand applications. More specifically, the research in this dissertation investigated issues related to material properties of the elastomer in larger bearings designed for higher demand applications. This dissertation first introduces a new testing methodology, referred to as the Dual Shear Test (DST), which is able to measure the elastomer material response in shear for samples cut directly from of bearings with different dimensions. The proposed geometry of the DST specimen significantly reduces the cost and effort compared to the more conventional Quad Shear Test, and also allows the measurement of shear response at very large shear strain levels. Based on a systematic experimental study, the accuracy and reliability of this new testing methodology was demonstrated. Different hyper-elastic material models were investigated in this dissertation that can be used in finite element studies of elastomeric bearings. These models were calibrated based on the new shear test methodology. With these material models, DST results can be interpreted and entered into finite element models. Using the Dual Shear Test, four bearings of different dimensions were tested. The variability of the shear modulus at different locations within the bearings was investigated. These tests were conducted to address concerns that larger bearings may have greater variability in elastomer material properties throughout the bearing. These tests showed there is somewhat greater variability in shear modulus in larger bearings and thicker bearings, although this variability was not significantly larger compared to smaller bearings. Finally, this research also investigated how the shear modulus of the elastomer changes as the temperature decreases. Results of tests showed that the shear modulus increases significantly as temperature decreases. This effect can be significant when analyzing the behavior of bridge bearings under temperature variations.
An Experimental Study Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings With Design Recommendations
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Author : Joseph Vincent Muscarella
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
An Experimental Study Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings With Design Recommendations written by Joseph Vincent Muscarella and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Bridges categories.
The purpose of this study was to analyze elastomeric bearing performance on the basis of elastomer hardness, shape factor, reinforcing shim orientation, degree of taper and compressive stress level with the goal of developing a simple design procedure which standardizes as many of those parameters as possible. Particular emphasis was placed on comparing the behavior of flat and tapered bearings. Experimentation included shear, compressive, and rotational stiffness tests, shear and compression fatigue loading, long-term compressive loading, and tests to determine compressive stress limits.
Behavioral Study Of Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings In Bridges
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Author : Nabin Krishna Shiwakoti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Behavioral Study Of Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bearings In Bridges written by Nabin Krishna Shiwakoti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Brdiges categories.
This thesis primarily predicts the compressive and rotational stiffness of the elastomeric bearing and exams the behavior of elastomeric bearing under compression, rotation, and combination of shear, compression, and rotational loading. The primary purpose of an elastomeric bearing is to distribute the superstructure loads to the substructure. The elastomers used in the elastomeric bearings undergo deformation to allow necessary movement and rotation of the superstructure. Thus, abstract analysis of the behavior of the elastomeric bearing is required. With that end in view, three-dimensional finite element models are developed using the software Abaqus and the results from the finite element analysis are validated with the experimental data from previous literature. The validated finite element models are used for the calculation of compressive and rotational stiffness of the elastomeric bearings and comparisons are made with the analytical closed-form solutions and current code provision (AASHTO, 2017). Moreover, the bearings are subjected to compression, rotation, and a combination of shear, compression, and rotational loading for the prediction of deformed shape, compressive stress, shear stresses, and shear strains.
High Load Multi Rotational Bridge Bearings
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Author : John F. Stanton
language : en
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Release Date : 1999
High Load Multi Rotational Bridge Bearings written by John F. Stanton and has been published by Transportation Research Board this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Elastomeric Bearings Design Construction And Materials
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
Elastomeric Bearings Design Construction And Materials written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Bridges categories.
Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
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Author : J. A. Yura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by J. A. Yura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Science categories.
Analysis Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
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Author : Osama Hamzeh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Analysis Of Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by Osama Hamzeh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Bridges categories.
A two-dimensional nonlinear p-version finite element method is developed for the analysis of boundary value problems relevant to elastomeric bridge bearings. The method incorporates polynomial shape functions of the hierarchic type for the modeling of large-deformations rubber elasticity. In addition, a frictional-contact algorithm based on a penalty formulation and suitable for the interaction of the pad with rigid flat surfaces is derived and implemented. The J sub 2 flow theory with isotropic hardening is utilized to model the reinforcing steel as a bilinear elastoplastic material. Examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the element and some guidelines for the selection of appropriate orders of interpolation and integration rules. The results of a study performed to examine the effects of several design parameters of the bearing are presented. Comparisons with experimental findings are shown. A dynamic lumped model for the walking of the bearing is developed. Viscous frictional interfaces with the girder and the abutment are included. Several cases are analyzed to investigate the factors that affect this phenomenon.
Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearings
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978*
Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bridge Bearings written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978* with Bridges categories.
Elastomeric Bearings In High Demand Applications
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Author : Liwei Han
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Elastomeric Bearings In High Demand Applications written by Liwei Han and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Pot and disk bearings are typically used in high-demand bridge applications where significant demands are imposed on bearings at the supports to accommodate rotations and complex bridge movements from both environmental thermal loads and vehicular traffic. However, past bridge research, design, and installation experience demonstrates that less costly elastomeric bearings are not only easy to install, inspect, and replace, but also more forgiving of installation errors. The use of elastomeric bearings in high-demand applications results in much less structural restraint against bridge thermal deformation than other more sophisticated sliding bearings. Although past bridge design practice includes applications of elastomeric bearings in two steel trapezoidal box girder systems in Central Texas, the use of elastomeric bearings in high-demand application is nevertheless largely impeded by historical and current bearing design provisions at national and state levels that are unduly restrictive for large-sized elastomeric bearings as well as the scantiness of field, laboratory, and numerical investigations on them. This investigation reported in this dissertation is part of a research project including material study, full-scale testing, field monitoring, and finite-element studies, with a focus primarily on finite-element studies of elastomeric bearings in comparison with laboratory and field measurements. A three-dimensional finite-element model capable of simulating the behavior of elastomeric bearings in full-scale compression, shear, and rotation testing was first developed and validated by experimental results from the full-scale testing. More comprehensive parametric finite-element studies of elastomeric layers under axial load and rotational deformation were then carried out leading to the development of a reliable elastomeric bearing design with improved economy and serviceability, based on total shear strain approach. A three-dimensional finite-element study of a continuous curved steel trapezoidal box girder system (IH-35 NB & US-290 EB direct connector) was carried out to investigate the translational movements and rotations imposed on elastomeric bearings under thermal loads with 100-year return period, and validated by instrumentation measurements from field monitoring. Design suggestions were put forward with regard to determining demands on elastomeric bearing s under thermal loads in high-demand applications. A field investigation was finally carried out on elastomeric bearings on the instrumented bridge, two of which were found to be damaged to different extents. The results reveal that the two damaged bearings are subjected to excessive amount of transverse rotation. Further analyses by calculating the maximum shear strain of all bearings using the proposed design approach confirmed that the observed bearing damage is the direct result of the excessive transverse angle of inclination on the concrete bearing seat surface.
Bridge Bearings And Expansion Joints Second Edition
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Author : D J Lee
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1994-11-03
Bridge Bearings And Expansion Joints Second Edition written by D J Lee and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-11-03 with Architecture categories.
This book provides a guide to movement and restraint in bridges for bridge engineers and will enable them to draw up design calculations and specifications for effective installation, and satisfactory service and durability of bearings and joints. It has been fully revised and updated in line with current codes and design practice, modern developments and products.