Materials In Transition
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The Material Limits Of Energy Transition Thanatia
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Author : Alicia Valero
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-19
The Material Limits Of Energy Transition Thanatia written by Alicia Valero and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-19 with Science categories.
Earth has become a huge mine, with a greater quantity and variety of fundamental mineral resources being extracted year after year. Technology, from electric cars to everyday electrical equipment, consume vast amounts of scarce raw materials. On a planet with limited resources, are these minerals being properly assessed? Will there be enough raw materials to meet the demand of a world population on track to reach 10 billion people? What will be the consequences of accelerated resource depredation? Will the planet one day become 'Thanatia', a resource-exhausted Earth? This book allows readers to understand the mineral heritage of the Earth, considering the demand for raw materials in society, comparing it with the availability of resources on Earth and the impact of mining. The basics of physical geonomics are exlpained, allowing readers to analyse the loss of mineral resources on the planet. The impact of renewable energies and technologies, including electric vehicles, are studied. The book concludes with possible solutions to mineral depletion, from increasing recycling rates, ecodesign measures or alternative sources of mineral resources. Providing numerous tables and illustrations, 'The Material Limits of Energy Transition: Thanatia' gives readers a thorough understanding of mineral depletion. Exploring geology, geochemistry, mining, metallurgy, the environment and thermodynamics, this is a truly holistic book.
Physics Of Transition Metal Oxides
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Author : Sadamichi Maekawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-06-22
Physics Of Transition Metal Oxides written by Sadamichi Maekawa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The fact that magnetite (Fe304) was already known in the Greek era as a peculiar mineral is indicative of the long history of transition metal oxides as useful materials. The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in 1986 has renewed interest in transition metal oxides. High-temperature su perconductors are all cuprates. Why is it? To answer to this question, we must understand the electronic states in the cuprates. Transition metal oxides are also familiar as magnets. They might be found stuck on the door of your kitchen refrigerator. Magnetic materials are valuable not only as magnets but as electronics materials. Manganites have received special attention recently because of their extremely large magnetoresistance, an effect so large that it is called colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). What is the difference between high-temperature superconducting cuprates and CMR manganites? Elements with incomplete d shells in the periodic table are called tran sition elements. Among them, the following eight elements with the atomic numbers from 22 to 29, i. e. , Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu are the most im portant. These elements make compounds with oxygen and present a variety of properties. High-temperature superconductivity and CMR are examples. Most of the textbooks on magnetism discuss the magnetic properties of transition metal oxides. However, when one studies magnetism using tradi tional textbooks, one finds that the transport properties are not introduced in the initial stages.
Transition Metal Impurities In Semiconductors
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Author : K. A. Kikoin
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1994
Transition Metal Impurities In Semiconductors written by K. A. Kikoin and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book discusses the theory of the electron states of transition metal impurities in semiconductors in connection with the general theory of isoelectronic impurities. It contains brief descriptions of the experimental data available for transition metal impurities belonging to iron, palladium and platinum groups and for rare-earth impurities in elemental semiconductors (III-IV, II-VI and IV-VI compounds) and in several oxide compounds (Ti2, BaTiO3, SrTiO3). Also included are applications of the theory to the optical, electrical and resonance properties of semiconductors doped by the transition metal impurities.The book presents a theory unifying previously proposed ligand-field and band descriptions of transition metal impurities. It describes the theory in the context of the general theory of neutral impurities in semiconductors and demonstrates the capabilities of this description to explain the basic experimental properties of semiconductors doped by transition metal impurities. A detailed discussion of various experimental results and their theoretical interpretation is carried out.This book comprises three parts. The first two parts consider several exactly solvable models and describe numerical techniques. All the models and simulations constitute a general pattern describing transition metal and rare-earth impurities in semiconductors. The final part uses this theory in order to address various experimentally observed properties of these systems.
Structural Phase Transitions In Layered Transition Metal Compounds
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Author : K. Motizuki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1986-10-31
Structural Phase Transitions In Layered Transition Metal Compounds written by K. Motizuki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-10-31 with Science categories.
The structural phase transition is one of the most fundamental problems in solid state physics. Layered transition-metal dichalcogenides provide us with a most exciting area for the study of structural phase transitions that are associated with the charge density wave (CDW). A large variety of structural phase transitions, such as commensurate and incommensurate transitions, and the physical proper ties related to the formation of a CDW, have been an object of intense study made for many years by methods employing modem microscopic techniques. Rather recently, efforts have been devoted to the theoretical understanding of these experimental results. Thus, McMillan, for example, has developed an elegant phenomenological theory on the basis of the Landau free energy expansion. An extension of McMillan's theory has provided a successful understanding of the successive phase transitions observed in the IT- and 2H-compounds. In addition, a microscopic theory of lattice instability, lattice dynamics, and lattice distortion in the CDW state of the transition-metal dichalcogenides has been developed based on their electronic structures. As a result, the driving force of the CDW formation in the IT- and 2H-compounds has become clear. Furthermore, the effect of lattice fluctuations on the CDW transition and on the anomalous behavior of various physical properties has been made clear microscopically.
The Sol To Gel Transition
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Author : Plinio Innocenzi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-01
The Sol To Gel Transition written by Plinio Innocenzi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an in-depth introduction to the sol to gel transition in inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic systems, one of the most important chemical-physical transitions and the basis of the sol-gel process. Familiarity with the fundamental chemistry and physics of this transition is essential for students in chemistry and materials science through academic and industry researchers working on sol-gel-related applications. The book features a didactic approach, using simple and clear language to explain the sol to gel transition and the accompanying processes. The text is also suitable for use in short courses and workshops for graduate students as well as professionals.
The Glass Transition
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Author : Ernst-Joachim Donth
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-06-06
The Glass Transition written by Ernst-Joachim Donth and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-06 with Medical categories.
Describes and interrelates the following processes: cooperative alpha processes in a cold liquid, structural relaxation in the glass near Tg, the Johari-Goldstein beta process, the Williams-Götze process in a warm liquid, fast nonactivated cage rattling and boson peak, and ultraslow Fischer modes.
Transition Metal Compounds
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Author : Daniel Khomskii
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-10-23
Transition Metal Compounds written by Daniel Khomskii and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-23 with Science categories.
This book describes all aspects of the physics of transition metal compounds, providing a comprehensive overview of this diverse class of solids. Set within a modern conceptual framework, this is an invaluable, up-to-date resource for graduate students, researchers and industrial practitioners in solid-state physics and chemistry, materials science, and inorganic chemistry.
Electronic Structure And Magnetism Of 3d Transition Metal Pnictides
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Author : Kazuko Motizuki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-08
Electronic Structure And Magnetism Of 3d Transition Metal Pnictides written by Kazuko Motizuki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book on the magnetic properties of 3d-transition metal compounds focuses on 3d-metal pnictides. It couples experimental data with phenomenological discussions and explores how certain behaviors can be explained based on an itinerant electron picture.
The Chemistry Of Transition Metal Carbides And Nitrides
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Author : S.T. Oyama
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-01-31
The Chemistry Of Transition Metal Carbides And Nitrides written by S.T. Oyama and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-31 with Science categories.
This book arose from a symposium titled 'Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity' organized by Jae Sung Lee, Masatoshi Nagai and myself. The symposium was part of the 1995 Congress of Pacific Rim Chemical Societies, held in Honolulu, Hawaii between December 17-22, 1995. The meeting was the first major conference to exclusively address the theme of metal carbides and nitrides, and brought together many of the major researchers in the field. Over 50 scientists and engineers reported their latest findings in five sessions of presentations and discussions. The book closely follows the topics covered in the conference: Theory of bonding Structure and composition Catalytic properties Physical properties New methods of preparation Spectroscopy and microscopy The book is unique in its coverage. It provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed.
Advanced Materials For Sodium Ion Storage
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Author : Ranjusha Rajagopalan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-07-16
Advanced Materials For Sodium Ion Storage written by Ranjusha Rajagopalan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-16 with Science categories.
Globally, lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are leaders in the energy storage sector but there are concerns regarding load leveling of renewable energy sources as well as smart grids and limited availability of lithium resources resulting in cost increase. Therefore, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are being researched as next-generation alternatives to LIBs due to their similar sustainability and electrochemistry. This book mainly focuses on the current research on electrode materials and proposes future directions for SIBs to meet the current challenges associated with the full cell aspect. Further, it provide insights into scientific and practical issues in the development of SIBs.