Measurement Of Neutron And Muon Fluxes 100 M Underground With The Scibath Detector
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Measurement Of Neutron And Muon Fluxes 100 M Underground With The Scibath Detector
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Measurement Of Neutron And Muon Fluxes 100 M Underground With The Scibath Detector written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The SciBath detector is an 80 liter liquid scintillator detector read out by a three dimensional grid of 768 wavelength-shifting fibers. Initially conceived as a fine-grained charged particle detector for neutrino studies that could image charged particle tracks in all directions, it is also sensitive to fast neutrons (15-200 MeV). In fall of 2011 the apparatus performed a three month run to measure cosmic-induced muons and neutrons 100~meters underground in the FNAL MINOS near-detector area. Data from this run has been analyzed and resulted in measurements of the cosmic muon flux as \num{0.80\pm0.04}~\si{\m^{-2}\s^{-1}}, the cosmogenic fast neutron flux as \num{1.5\pm1.4e-2}~\si{\m^{-2}\s^{-1}}, and the neutron production rate from muon spallation in liquid scintillator as \num{3.8\pm3.2e-4}~$n/\mu$~\si{(\g\per\cm^2)^{-1}}. Additionally, the cosmic muon angular distribution and neutron energy distribution have been measured. These results can be extrapolated to future measurements of fast-neutron backgrounds at other underground facilities. This thesis presents a summary of the physics relevant to underground muons and fast neutrons, the SciBath detector, the analysis methodology that was used for the results presented, and comparisons between our results and those of other experiments and simulations.
Measurement Of The High Energy Neutron Flux Above And Below Ground
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Author : Caleb Daniel Roecker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Measurement Of The High Energy Neutron Flux Above And Below Ground written by Caleb Daniel Roecker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
High-energy neutrons produce secondary particles through spallation, which create a ubiquitous and prominent background in a wide range of rare-event particle and nuclear physics experiments. Above ground, the high-energy neutron energy-dependent flux has been measured, but with significantly varying results. Below ground, only two previous measurements have succeeded in observing these neutrons, and communicated their results in a fashion useful to others. In a separate effort, a model of the neutron energy-dependent flux was previously developed for measurements below 1000 m.w.e. No comparisons to this model and the measured neutron flux have been performed. In an effort to provide new and independent measurements above and below ground, the Multiplicity and Recoil Spectrometer (MARS) was designed, constructed, and deployed to the Kimballton Underground Research Facility (KURF). MARS is a transportable 1 m^3 detector composed of plastic scintillator Gd based neutron detectors, and a lead spallation target. MARS uses neutron spallation in the lead to transform an incident high-energy neutron into many lower energy secondary neutrons. By recording the secondary neutron multiplicity over many incident neutron events, the incident neutron energy spectrum can be inferred. This multiplicity method employed by MARS represents a new approach in high-energy neutron spectroscopy, which requires a new algorithm to correct the observed signal into a neutron spectrum. A recently developed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inversion algorithm, with a calibrated Monte Carlo model of MARS, is used to perform this inversion. Using this new multiplicity method, MARS performed measurements at the surface of Earth and at depths of 377 meters water equivalent (m.w.e.), 540 m.w.e., and 1450 m.w.e. Due to the transportable nature of MARS, minimal detector related systematic bias exists between these measurements. The minimal bias between these measurements at multiple depths will allow for the creation of a depth-dependent predictive model of the high-energy neutron energy-dependent flux. This dissertation introduces the new multiplicity measurement approach, the MCMC inversion algorithm, the Monte Carlo model and associated calibrations, and presents results from the four measurements. Above ground, the MARS measurement results agree with most of the previous measurements in the energy range between 90 MeV and 250 MeV. Above 250 MeV the MARS results report slightly lower flux than most of the previous measurements, but are still within the spread of all previous measurements. Below ground, no direct comparison can be made to the MARS results at 377 m.w.e. The MARS result at 540 m.w.e. appears to be in rough agreement with one of the previous below ground measurements, at the one measured energy where the results overlap. At 1450 m.w.e., the MARS results shows reasonable agreement with previous simulation predictions. The rough agreement of the MARS results, at all relevant locations, with previous measurements and existing simulation where applicable, provide confidence that all MARS measurements have produced the correct high-energy neutron energy-dependent flux. Above ground, the new independent results strengthen the results of previous measurements. Below ground, the three measurements provide consistent results with minimal detector related bias between measurements due to the transportable nature of MARS, that will be used to produce a depth-dependent model of the high-energy neutron energy-dependent flux. For the rare-event particle and nuclear physics experiments affected by high-energy neutron backgrounds, this model will allow for the prediction of the high-energy neutron background at different measurement locations, a more robust instrumental design, and the ability to estimate the high-energy neutron background contribution in their final measured data; the confidence in the results of these experiments will be improved.
Particle Physics Reference Library
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Author : Christian W. Fabjan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020
Particle Physics Reference Library written by Christian W. Fabjan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Elementary particles (Physics). categories.
This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the "Particle Physics Reference Library" provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A, B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access
Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass
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Author : Tzu-Chung Frank Hsieh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass written by Tzu-Chung Frank Hsieh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Low Energy Electrons
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Author : Oddur Ingólfsson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-04-23
Low Energy Electrons written by Oddur Ingólfsson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-23 with Science categories.
Low-energy electrons are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in natural phenomena as well as many potential and current industrial processes. Authored by 16 active researchers, this book describes the fundamental characteristics of low-energy electron–molecule interactions and their role in different fields of science and technology, including plasma processing, nanotechnology, and health care, as well as astro- and atmospheric physics and chemistry. The book is packed with illustrative examples, from both fundamental and application sides, features about 130 figures, and lists over 800 references. It may serve as an advanced graduate-level study course material where selected chapters can be used either individually or in combination as a basis to highlight and study specific aspects of low-energy electron–molecule interactions. It is also directed at researchers in the fields of plasma physics, nanotechnology, and radiation damage to biologically relevant material (such as in cancer therapy), especially those with an interest in high-energy-radiation-induced processes, from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view.