Measurement Of Sin 2 Beta In B0 Phi K0 S

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Computer Simulation Tools For X Ray Analysis

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Author : Sérgio Luiz Morelhão
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-05

Computer Simulation Tools For X Ray Analysis written by Sérgio Luiz Morelhão and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-05 with Science categories.

This book teaches the users on how to construct a library of routines to simulate scattering and diffraction by almost any kind of samples. The main goal of this book is to break down the huge barrier of difficulties faced by beginners from many fields (Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine, Material Science, etc.) in using X-rays as an analytical tool in their research. Besides fundamental concepts, MatLab routines are provided, showing how to test and implement the concepts. The major difficult in analysing materials by X-ray techniques is that it strongly depends on simulation software. This book teaches the users on how to construct a library of routines to simulate scattering and diffraction by almost any kind of samples. It provides to a young student the knowledge that would take more than 20 years to acquire by working on X-rays and relying on the available textbooks. The scientific productivity worldwide is growing at a breakneck pace, demanding ever more dynamic approaches and synergies between different fields of knowledge. To master the fundamentals of X-ray physics means the opportunity of working at an infiniteness of fields, studying systems where the organizational understanding of matter at the atomic scale is necessary. Since the discovery of X radiation, its usage as investigative tool has always been under fast expansion afforded by instrumental advances and computational resources. Developments in medical and technological fields have, as one of the master girders, the feasibility of structural analysis offered by X-rays. One of the major difficulties faced by beginners in using this fantastic tool lies in the analysis of experimental data. There are only few cases where it is possible to extract structural information directly from experiments. In most cases, structure models and simulation of radiation-matter interaction processes are essential. The advent of intense radiation sources and rapid development of nanotechnology constantly creates challenges that seek solutions beyond those offered by standard X-ray techniques. Preparing new researchers for this scenario of rapid and drastic changes requires more than just teaching theories of physical phenomena. It also requires teaching of how to implement them in a simple and efficient manner. In this book, fundamental concepts in applied X-ray physics are demonstrated through available computer simulation tools. Using MatLab, more than eighty routines are developed for solving the proposed exercises, most of which can be directly used in experimental data analysis. Therefore, besides X-ray physics, this book offers a practical programming course in modern high-level language, with plenty of graphic and mathematical tools.

A Numerical Library In Java For Scientists And Engineers

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Author : Hang T. Lau
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2003-08-27

A Numerical Library In Java For Scientists And Engineers written by Hang T. Lau and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-27 with Mathematics categories.

At last researchers have an inexpensive library of Java-based numeric procedures for use in scientific computation. The first and only book of its kind, A Numeric Library in Java for Scientists and Engineers is a translation into Java of the library NUMAL (NUMerical procedures in ALgol 60). This groundbreaking text presents procedural descr

The Plasticity Of Metals At The Sub Micrometer Scale And Dislocation Dynamics In A Thin Film

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Author : Seok Woo Lee
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011

The Plasticity Of Metals At The Sub Micrometer Scale And Dislocation Dynamics In A Thin Film written by Seok Woo Lee and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Nanotechnology has played a significant role in the development of useful engineering devices and in the synthesis of new classes of materials. For the reliable design of devices and for structural applications of materials with micro- or nano-sized features, nanotechnology has always called for an understanding of the mechanical properties of materials at small length scales. Thus, it becomes important to develop new experimental techniques to allow reliable mechanical testing at small scales. At the same time, the development of computational techniques is necessary to interpret the experimentally observed phenomena. Currently, microcompression testing of micropillars, which are fabricated by focused-ion beam (FIB) milling, is one of the most popular experimental methods for measuring the mechanical properties at the micrometer scale. Also, dislocation dynamics codes have been extensively developed to study the local evolution of dislocation structures. Therefore, we conducted both experimental and theoretical studies that shed new light on the factors that control the strength and plasticity of crystalline materials at the sub-micrometer scale. In the experimental work, we produced gold nanopillars by focused-ion beam milling, and conducted microcompression tests to obtain the stress-strain curves. Firstly, the size effects on the strength of gold nanopillars were studied, and "Smaller is Stronger" was observed. Secondly, we tried to change the dislocation densities to control the strength of gold nanopillars by prestraining and annealing. The results showed that prestraining dramatically reduces the flow strength of nanopillars while annealing restores the strength to the pristine levels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the high dislocation density (~1015 m-2) of prestrained nanopillars significantly decreased after heavy plastic deformation. In order to interpret this TEM observation, potential dislocation source structures were geometrically analyzed. We found that the insertion of jogged dislocations before relaxation or enabling cross-slip during plastic flow are prerequisites for the formation of potentially strong natural pinning points and single arm dislocation sources. At the sub-micron scale, these conditions are most likely absent, and we argue that mobile dislocation starvation would occur naturally in the course of plastic flow. Two more outstanding issues have also been studied in this dissertation. The first involves the effects of FIB milling on the mechanical properties. Since micropillars are made by FIB milling, the damage layer at the free surface is always formed and would be expected to affect the mechanical properties at a sub-micron scale. Thus, pristine gold microparticles were produced by a solid-state dewetting technique, and the effects of FIB milling on both pristine and prestrained microparticles were examined via microcompression testing. These experiments revealed that FIB milling significantly reduces the strength of pristine microparticles, but does not alter that of prestrained microparticles. Thus, we confirmed that if there are pre-existing mobile-dislocations present in the crystal, FIB milling does not affect the mechanical properties. The second issue is the scaling law commonly used to describe the strength of micropillars as a function of sample size. For the scaling law, the power-law approximation has been widely used without understanding fundamental physics in it. Thus, we tried to analyze the power-law approximation in a quantitative manner with the well-known single arm source model. Material parameters, such as the friction stress, the anisotropic shear modulus, the magnitude of Burgers vector and the dislocation density, were explored to understand their effects on the scaling behavior. Considering these effects allows one to rationalize the observed material-dependent power-law exponents quantitatively. In another part of the dissertation, a computational study of dislocation dynamics in a free-standing thin film is described. We improved the ParaDiS (Parallel Dislocation Simulator) code, which was originally developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, to deal with the free surface of a free-standing thin film. The spectral method was implemented to calculate the image stress field in a thin film. The faster convergence in the image stress calculation were obtained by employing Yoffe's image stress, which removes the singularity of the traction at the intersecting point between a threading dislocation and free surface. Using this newly developed code, we studied the stability of dislocation junctions and jogs, which are the potential dislocation sources, in a free standing thin film of a face-centered-cubic metal and discussed the creation of a dislocation source in a thin film. In summary, we have performed both microcompression tests and dislocation dynamics simulations to understand the dislocation mechanisms at the sub-micron scale and the related mechanical properties of metals. We believe that these experimental and computational studies have contributed to the enhancement of our fundamental knowledge of the plasticity of metals at the sub-micron scale.

John Cyclos Die Kunst Des Schlittschuhfahrens Mit Deutlichen Anweisungen Zur Erlernung Der Schwierigsten Und Grasi Sesten Bewegungen Zweite Auflage Mit Tafeln

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1858

John Cyclos Die Kunst Des Schlittschuhfahrens Mit Deutlichen Anweisungen Zur Erlernung Der Schwierigsten Und Grasi Sesten Bewegungen Zweite Auflage Mit Tafeln written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1858 with categories.

Foundation Analysis And Design

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Author : Joseph E. Bowles
language : en
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
Release Date : 1988

Foundation Analysis And Design written by Joseph E. Bowles and has been published by McGraw-Hill Companies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The revision of this best-selling text for a junior/senior course in Foundation Analysis and Design now includes an IBM computer disk containing 16 compiled programs together with the data sets used to produce the output sheets, as well as new material on sloping ground, pile and pile group analysis, and procedures for an improved anlysis of lateral piles. Bearing capacity analysis has been substantially revised for footings with horizontal as well as vertical loads. Footing design for overturning now incorporates the use of the same uniform linear pressure concept used in ascertaining the bearing capacity. Increased emphasis is placed on geotextiles for retaining walls and soil nailing. Copyright © Libri GmbH. All rights reserved.

Radar Systems Analysis And Design Using Matlab

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Author : Bassem R. Mahafza
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19

Radar Systems Analysis And Design Using Matlab written by Bassem R. Mahafza and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Business & Economics categories.

Developed from the author's graduate-level courses, the first edition of this book filled the need for a comprehensive, self-contained, and hands-on treatment of radar systems analysis and design. It quickly became a bestseller and was widely adopted by many professors. The second edition built on this successful format by rearranging and updating

Elements Of Plane And Spherical Trigonometry

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Author : James Bates Thomson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1844

Elements Of Plane And Spherical Trigonometry written by James Bates Thomson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1844 with Plane trigonometry categories.

The Princeton Companion To Applied Mathematics

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Author : Nicholas J. Higham
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2015-09-15

The Princeton Companion To Applied Mathematics written by Nicholas J. Higham and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-15 with Mathematics categories.

The must-have compendium on applied mathematics This is the most authoritative and accessible single-volume reference book on applied mathematics. Featuring numerous entries by leading experts and organized thematically, it introduces readers to applied mathematics and its uses; explains key concepts; describes important equations, laws, and functions; looks at exciting areas of research; covers modeling and simulation; explores areas of application; and more. Modeled on the popular Princeton Companion to Mathematics, this volume is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in other disciplines seeking a user-friendly reference book on applied mathematics. Features nearly 200 entries organized thematically and written by an international team of distinguished contributors Presents the major ideas and branches of applied mathematics in a clear and accessible way Explains important mathematical concepts, methods, equations, and applications Introduces the language of applied mathematics and the goals of applied mathematical research Gives a wide range of examples of mathematical modeling Covers continuum mechanics, dynamical systems, numerical analysis, discrete and combinatorial mathematics, mathematical physics, and much more Explores the connections between applied mathematics and other disciplines Includes suggestions for further reading, cross-references, and a comprehensive index

Practical Finite Element Modeling In Earth Science Using Matlab

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Author : Guy Simpson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-04-17

Practical Finite Element Modeling In Earth Science Using Matlab written by Guy Simpson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-17 with Science categories.

Mathematical models have become a crucial way for the Earth scientist to understand and predict how our planet functions and evolves through time and space. The finite element method (FEM) is a remarkably flexible and powerful tool with enormous potential in the Earth Sciences. This pragmatic guide explores how a variety of different Earth science problems can be translated and solved with FEM, assuming only basic programming experience. This book begins with a general introduction to numerical modeling and includes multiple sample Matlab codes to illustrate how FEM is implemented in practice. Textboxes have been included to provide additional detail, such as specialized Matlab usage or advanced topics. Covering all the key aspects, this is essential reading for those looking to master the technique, as well as those simply seeking to increase their basic level of understanding and appreciation of FEM.

Experimental Investigation Of The Interaction Of A Detonation With A Boundary Gas

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Author : Tim Gardiner Adams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972

Experimental Investigation Of The Interaction Of A Detonation With A Boundary Gas written by Tim Gardiner Adams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Explosions categories.