Measuring Congestion In European Cities
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Measuring Congestion In European Cities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Measuring Congestion In European Cities written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Congestion is a major issue for cities and often a determining factor of connectivity within urban areas and intra-city interactions. It is a repercussion of the massive adoption of cars as the main transport mode and an externality related to the nature of cities as it represents the negative aspect of agglomeration, the major driving force of growth in cites. We analyse the causes and impacts of congestion in order to be able to identify viable solutions against it. For this purpose, traffic needs to be studied at fine spatial and temporal resolution levels. We measure congestion at the level of Functional Urban Area considering the full transport network in order to estimate travel times between a large set of origins-destinations as determined by a high resolution population grid (size: 500mx500m). The impact of congestion is measured with the help of the relevant TomTom indicators that provide very detailed information on the variation of speed during the day at road link level. Road traffic also affects accessibility. We measure accessibility using different operationalisations, with and without congestion, for all the populated grid cells in the functional urban areas of Brussels, Seville and Krakow. By analysing urban areas at such a fine spatial level we manage to capture the impacts of congestion in detail. This study is the first step towards the assessment and comparison of traffic in all European cities.
Accessibility And Congestion In European Cities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Accessibility And Congestion In European Cities written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This is the second and final deliverable of the 1st task of the REGIOTRANSII project and refers to the results that have already been presented in two scientific journal publications: Christodoulou et al. (2020) and Christodoulou and Christidis (in press), and a JRC Technical Report: Christodoulou and Christidis (2020a). Different accessibility indicators are calculated for all urban areas with more than 250 thousand people in the EU27, the UK, Switzerland and Norway. Each city is analysed by means of a population grid of 500 m by 500 m and represented by a wider area covering both the densely populated urban centre and the commuting zone. To capture congestion, we measure accessibility for each grid cell at different times of the day that correspond to different traffic conditions using the detailed network and congestion information provided by TomTom.
Managing Urban Traffic Congestion
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Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2007-05-31
Managing Urban Traffic Congestion written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-31 with categories.
Offers policy-oriented, research-based recommendations for effectively managing traffic and cutting excess congestion in large urban areas.
Urban Traffic Congestion In Europe
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Author : Anthony David John Flowerdew
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Urban Traffic Congestion In Europe written by Anthony David John Flowerdew and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Bytransport categories.
On The Relationship Between Congestion And Road Safety In Cities
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Author : Xavier Fageda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
On The Relationship Between Congestion And Road Safety In Cities written by Xavier Fageda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
We empirically examine the relationship between traffic congestion and deaths in road accidents at the city level. We use panel data from 129 large cities in Europe for the period 2008-2017. We find strong evidence of a quadratic relationship between congestion and deaths in accidents, using both parametric and non-parametric econometric techniques. The threshold point at which the relationship between congestion and deaths in accidents is reversed and becomes positive occurs when congestion results in about a 30 per cent increase in travel time compared to a free flow situation. For most congested cities, any effective measure to contain congestion may also lead to better safety outcomes.
Ecmt Round Tables Traffic Congestion In Europe
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Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 1999-12-07
Ecmt Round Tables Traffic Congestion In Europe written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-12-07 with categories.
This Round Table defines congestion and determines the scale of the problem. It addressed the trends in congestion and the consequences of those trends. The Round Table then considered possible solutions to the congestion problem.
More Roads Or Public Transit
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Author : Lucas Conwell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
More Roads Or Public Transit written by Lucas Conwell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
We propose a theory-inspired measure of the accessibility of a city's center: the size of the surrounding area from which it can be reached within a specific time. Using publicly-available optimal routing software, we compute these "accessibility zones" for the 109 largest American and European cities, separately for cars and public transit commutes. Compared to European cities, US cities are half as accessible via public transit and twice as accessible via cars. Car accessibility zones are always larger than public transit zones, making US cities more accessible overall. However, US cities' car orientation comes at the cost of less green space, more congestion, and worse health and pollution externalities.
Measuring Road Congestions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Measuring Road Congestions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The methodology presented here allows to measure and monitor road congestion across Europe using data from TomTom invehicle navigation systems. The approach is based on the analysis of a large number of real vehicle speeds that have been measured on each road link and the application of algorithms that allow the estimation of congestion indicators for specific types of roads during selected time periods. The results include the detailed mapping of recurrent congestion both geographically and temporally, as well as the comparison of the quality of service of road networks between different zones. The data used represent real speed measurements from in-vehicle navigation systems for different time periods and days of the week. The large number of "probes" (over 1 trillion of measurements) gives a highly accurate and representative picture of the actual driving conditions across the European road network. The data collected are clustered in groups of speed profiles which represent change in average speed behaviour along a road link in five-minute time intervals over a 24-hour period. specific speed profile assigned per day of the week. The average speed on a specific link during a certain time period can be compared to the benchmark speed estimated for the link under free flow conditions or against selected threshold values. As a result, indicators of congestion for different time periods can be measured and compared across links, regions and countries.
Congestion In Highways When Tolls And Railroads Matter
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Author : Miquel Ángel García López
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Congestion In Highways When Tolls And Railroads Matter written by Miquel Ángel García López and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Measuring Congestion And Emissions
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Author : Yasuaki Daniel Amano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Measuring Congestion And Emissions written by Yasuaki Daniel Amano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Congestion is a major problem for the major cities of today. It reduces mobility, slows economic growth, and is a major cause of emissions. Vehicles traveling at slow speeds emit significantly more pollutants than vehicles traveling at free flow speeds. It is therefore important to determine the extent of congestion in a city, and its impact on the environment. This thesis focuses on congestion in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Mexico City is one of the largest cities in the world, and faces severe levels of congestion and emissions. Although much of the transportation trips are made by high capacity modes such as buses and colectivo microbuses, a growing population and increasing automobile ownership rate will further exacerbate the city's mobility and environment. In order to measure the level of congestion in Mexico City, a network model was built. Combining data from a 1994 origin destination survey and the 2000 census with a digitized roadway network, we were able to determine the state of vehicle speeds on roadways throughout the city. This speed distribution was then used in the MOBILE6 model to estimate the total emissions from road based transportation sources. The network model was also used to study the extent of congestion and emissions for various future infrastructure projects. An analysis was done for a year 2025 growth scenario, where Mexico City continues to grow in population and size. The impact of two infrastructure improvements on congestion was also studied. The results of the model show that while it is a useful tool for studying congestion on a citywide scale, the effects of local infrastructure changes cannot be accurately modeled. Further work on improving the model may yield improved results on a greater level of detail.