Medical Transmitter And Receiver In Implantable System

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Design And Characterization Of Wireless Implant Systems With Ultrasonic Power And Data Links

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Author : Ting Chia Chang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Design And Characterization Of Wireless Implant Systems With Ultrasonic Power And Data Links written by Ting Chia Chang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) provide precise physiological monitoring and effective treatment by directly interfacing with specific organs and pathways. Current implants generally use large batteries for power and long wires to reach locations of interest, which makes them bulky and invasive; as a result, they are typically reserved for last resort treatments only. Miniaturization of IMDs down to millimeter-sized or smaller can mitigate undesirable immune response and operate in deep tissue for more targeted treatments. In addition, many of the medical applications of these implant systems, like neuromodulation can benefit from wireless data communication and networking capability for adaptive therapy and further improve treatment efficacy in a closed-loop fashion. To address these challenges and enable next-generation miniaturized wireless implant systems, we utilize ultrasound (US) for wireless power and data communication with a network of implantable devices. US has several advantages for powering and communication to miniaturized IMDs because it offers superior transduction efficiency and energy focusing due to its millimeter (mm) wavelength, low tissue attenuation through the body, and high safety limit which allows more power to be delivered for medical applications demanding more power. To provide design insights and optimize the performance of wireless implant systems using US, we present an analytical framework for optimizing end-to-end US link efficiency from transmitters to receivers to enable IMDs scaled down to mm or sub-mm dimensions. Key design objectives and trade-offs are considered for various parameters including the operating frequency, the transmission depth, the size of the transmitter, the impedance and the aperture efficiency of the miniaturized receiver, and the interface between the receiver and the power recovery chain on the implant. The design considerations and modeling for miniaturized US receivers using piezoelectric materials are then examined to obtain efficient scaled receivers. With the understanding of optimizing link performance, a mm-sized proof-of-concept implant for simultaneous US wireless power and bi-directional communication is designed and discussed. The fully packaged implant measures just 2.6 x 6.5 x 1.8 mm3, and it is the first such mm-sized implant that is able to operate with more than 6 cm in tissue. Finally, the system functionality and the networking aspect of the wireless implant systems are demonstrated at a large depth of more than 6 cm in tissue or tissue phantom with the customized US transmitter array.

High Performance Wireless Power And Data Transfer Interface For Implantable Medical Devices

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Author : Seyed Abdollah Mirbozorgi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

High Performance Wireless Power And Data Transfer Interface For Implantable Medical Devices written by Seyed Abdollah Mirbozorgi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

In recent years, there has been major progress on implantable biomedical systems that support most of the functionalities of wireless implantable devices. Nevertheless, these devices remain mostly restricted to be commercialized, in part due to weakness of a straightforward design to support the required functionalities, limitation on miniaturization, and lack of a reliable low-power high data rate interface between implants and external devices. This research provides novel strategies on the design of implantable biomedical devices that addresses these limitations by presenting analysis and techniques for wireless power transfer and efficient data transfer. The first part of this research includes our proposed novel resonance-based multicoil inductive power link structure with uniform power distribution to wirelessly power up smart animal research systems and implanted medical devices with high power efficiency and free positioning capability. The proposed structure consists of a multicoil resonance inductive link, which primary resonator array is made of several identical resonators enclosed in a scalable array of overlapping square coils that are connected in parallel and arranged in power surface (2D) and power chamber (3D) configurations. The proposed chamber uses two arrays of primary resonators, facing each other, and connected in parallel to achieve uniform power distribution in 3D. Each surface includes 9 overlapped coils connected in parallel and implemented into two layers of FR4 printed circuit board. The chamber features a natural power localization mechanism, which simplifies its implementation and eases its operation by avoiding the need for active detection of the load location and power control mechanisms. A single power surface based on the proposed approach can provide a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 69% and a power delivered to the load (PDL) of 120 mW, for a separation distance of 4 cm, whereas the complete chamber prototype provides a uniform PTE of 59% and a PDL of 100 mW in 3D, everywhere inside the chamber with a chamber size of 27×27×16 cm3. The second part of this research includes our proposed novel, fully-integrated, low-power fullduplex transceiver (FDT) to support bi-directional neural interfacing applications (stimulating and recording) with asymmetric data rates: higher rates are required for recording (uplink signals) than stimulation (downlink signals). The transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) share a single antenna to reduce implant size. The TX uses impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) based on an edge combining approach, and the RX uses a novel 2.4-GHz on-off keying (OOK) receiver. Proper isolation (> 20 dB) between the TX and RX path is implemented 1) by shaping the transmitted pulses to fall within the unregulated UWB spectrum (3.1-7 GHz), and 2) by space-efficient filtering (avoiding a circulator or diplexer) of the downlink OOK spectrum in the RX low-noise amplifier (LNA). The UWB 3.1-7 GHz transmitter using OOK and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulations at only 10.8 pJ/bit. The proposed FDT provides dual band 500 Mbps TX uplink data rate and 100 Mbps RX downlink data rate. It is fully integrated on standard TSMC 0.18 nm CMOS within a total size of 0.8 mm2. The total power consumption measured 10.4 mW (5 mW for RX and 5.4 mW for TX at the rate of 500 Mbps).

Medical Implant Receiver System

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Author : Mark Stevens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Medical Implant Receiver System written by Mark Stevens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Low voltage systems categories.

The medical industry has benefited greatly by electronic integration resulting in the explosive growth of active medical implants. These devices often treat and monitor chronic health conditions and require very minimal power usage. A key part of these medical implants is an ultra-low power two way wireless communication system. This enables both control of the implant as well as relay of information collected. This research has focused on a high performance receiver for medical implant applications. One commonly quoted specification to compare receivers is energy per bit required. This metric is useful, but incomplete in that it ignores Sensitivity level, bit error rate, and immunity to interferers. In this study exploration of receiver architectures and convergence upon a comprehensive solution is done. This analysis is used to design and build a system for validation. The Direct Conversion Receiver architecture implemented for the MICS standard in 0.18 m CMOS process consumes approximately 2 mW is competitive with published research.

Ultrasound Energy And Data Transfer For Medical Implants

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Author : Francesco Mazzilli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-09-02

Ultrasound Energy And Data Transfer For Medical Implants written by Francesco Mazzilli and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents new systems and circuits for implantable biomedical applications, using a non-conventional way to transmit energy and data via ultrasound. The authors discuses the main constrains (e.g. implant size, battery recharge time, data rate, accuracy of the acoustic models) from the definition of the ultrasound system specification to the in-vitro validation.The system described meets the safety requirements for ultrasound exposure limits in diagnostic ultrasound applications, according to FDA regulations. Readers will see how the novel design of power management architecture will meet the constraints set by FDA regulations for maximum energy exposure in the human body. Coverage also includes the choice of the acoustic transducer, driven by optimum positioning and size of the implanted medical device. Throughout the book, links between physics, electronics and medical aspects are covered to give a complete view of the ultrasound system described. Provides a complete, system-level perspective on the use of ultrasound as energy source for medical implants; Discusses system design concerns regarding wireless power transmission and wireless data communication, particularly for a system in which both are performed on the same channel/frequency; Describes an experimental study on implantable battery powered biomedical systems; Presents a fully-integrated, implantable system and hermetically sealed packaging.

Wireless Power Transfer For Miniature Implantable Biomedical Devices

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Author : Mingui Sun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Wireless Power Transfer For Miniature Implantable Biomedical Devices written by Mingui Sun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Electronic books categories.

Miniature implantable electronic devices play increasing roles in modern medicine. In order to implement these devices successfully, the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology is often utilized because it provides an alternative to the battery as the energy source; reduces the size of implant substantially; allows the implant to be placed in a restricted space within the body; reduces both medical cost and chances of complications; and eliminates repeated surgeries for battery replacements. In this work, we present our recent studies on WPT for miniature implants. First, a new implantable coil with a double helix winding is developed which adapts to tubularly shaped organs within the human body, such as blood vessels and nerves. This coil can be made in the planar form and then wrapped around the tubular organ, greatly simplifying the surgical procedure for device implantation. Second, in order to support a variety of experiments (e.g., drug evaluation) using a rodent animal model, we present a special WPT transceiver system with a relatively large power transmitter and a miniature implantable power receiver. We present a multi-coil design that allows steady power transfer from the floor of an animal cage to the bodies of a group of free-moving laboratory rodents.

Design And Implementation Of An Rf Cmos Wireless Receiver For Medical Implantable Systems

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Author : Sherif Ahmed Saleh Mohamed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Design And Implementation Of An Rf Cmos Wireless Receiver For Medical Implantable Systems written by Sherif Ahmed Saleh Mohamed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Handbook Of Neuroengineering

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Author : Nitish V. Thakor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-02

Handbook Of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.​

Embedded And Rf Powered Implantable Medical Device For Gastric Electrical Stimulation Ges

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Author : Guru Moorthy Ravi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Embedded And Rf Powered Implantable Medical Device For Gastric Electrical Stimulation Ges written by Guru Moorthy Ravi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has attracted significant attention in the treatment for Gastroparesis-a common disorder caused in patients suffering from diabetes, cancer and Parkinson's disease. Symptoms include vomiting, nausea, abdominal bloating etc. due to loss of motility in the stomach muscles. GES uses electrical pulses on the stomach tissues to help regain normal motility and reduce the symptoms. Conventional gastric stimulator needs a long surgery to be implanted and it is a big pacemaker like device that runs by a non-rechargeable battery. It has to be replaced once the battery gets exhausted every 5 to 6 years. Hence another round of surgery is done when these devices are needed to be replaced and reimplanted. This takes a heavy toll on patients both physically and financially. In many cases, insurance does not cover the cost of surgery and post-operative care. In this work, a batteryless implantable miniaturized wireless gastric stimulators for long term GES has been developed. Wireless telemetry for the devices is based on inductive coupling at a carrier frequency of 1.3 MHz from an external transmitter which also delivers power. The devices have been tested on a bench top experimental setup by acquiring Electrogastrogram (EGG) signals from the device which are recorded using a Data Acquisition (DAQ) system. The wireless power transfer to the implant device has been demonstrated by testing different transmitter and receiver antenna configurations. Finally, an additional feature of reconfiguring the settings of the device is accomplished by a novel technique of using the carrier signal frequency. These results were well all within the requirements of the system.

Implantable Biotelemetry Systems

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Author : Thomas B. Fryer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971

Implantable Biotelemetry Systems written by Thomas B. Fryer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Biomedical engineering categories.

"With the advent of manned space flight, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has conducted intensive investigations on the physiological makeup of the human body. The last decade has seen major advances in the use of radiotelemetry in physiological research. Revolutionary developments in microelectronics are making possible smaller telemetry systems that can be wholly implanted in laboratory animals. The NASA Ames Research Center has been in the fore-front of such research and has developed many implantable biotelemetry devices now considered by many as a standard method for monitoring physiological functions in animals. This report describes biotelemetry developments at Ames, tracing the evolution of concepts underlying the accurate and reliable biotelemetry systems of today. Such systems are described in sufficient detail for the reader to select designs to meet specific needs. Through its Technology Utilization Program, NASA strives to make the results of such work widely available for the use of those outside the aerospace community. This publication is one of a series intended to achieve those objectives."--Foreword.

The Development Of A Capacitance Based Biotelemetry System For Implantable Applications

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006

The Development Of A Capacitance Based Biotelemetry System For Implantable Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.

Most modern biomedical implants implement some form of communications link between the implant and the outside world. This biotelemetry link has many requirements such as data bandwidth and power consumption. Designing an appropriate link that meets these requirements is one of the most significant engineering challenges associated with these implants. Communications methods that are currently used for this link include standard Radio Frequency (RF) approaches, inductively coupled approaches, and load modulation approaches. This thesis describes the development of a unique capacitance-based biotelemetry system for implantable applications. This system consists of two distinct parts: the implanted transmitter and the external body-mounted receiver. The prototype transmitter is based on a custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) fabricated using the AMI 1.5[mu] [micron] process. This ASIC encodes and transmits predetermined data packets by driving two electrodes in a slew-controlled manner, all contained within a biocompatible material. The receiver consists of charge-sensitive amplifier front end using a discriminator to distinguish individual bits. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) decodes the transmitted data and relays it to a PCbased LabVIEW interface. Test results using a saline-based human tissue model are presented.