Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicle Duty Cycles For Electric Powertrains
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Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicle Duty Cycles For Electric Powertrains
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicle Duty Cycles For Electric Powertrains written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
NREL's Fleet Test and Evaluation group has extensive in-use vehicle data demonstrating the importance of understanding the vocational duty cycle for appropriate sizing of electric vehicle (EV) and power electronics components for medium- and heavy-duty EV applications. This presentation includes an overview of recent EV fleet evaluation projects that have valuable in-use data that can be leveraged for sub-system research, analysis, and validation. Peak power and power distribution data from in-field EVs are presented for four different vocations, including class 3 delivery vans, class 6 delivery trucks, class 8 transit buses, and class 8 port drayage trucks, demonstrating the impacts of duty cycle on performance requirements.
Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicle Duty Cycles For Electric Powertrains
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicle Duty Cycles For Electric Powertrains written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
NREL's Fleet Test and Evaluation group has extensive in-use vehicle data demonstrating the importance of understanding the vocational duty cycle for appropriate sizing of electric vehicle (EV) and power electronics components for medium- and heavy-duty EV applications. This presentation includes an overview of recent EV fleet evaluation projects that have valuable in-use data that can be leveraged for sub-system research, analysis, and validation. Peak power and power distribution data from in-field EVs are presented for four different vocations, including class 3 delivery vans, class 6 delivery trucks, class 8 transit buses, and class 8 port drayage trucks, demonstrating the impacts of duty cycle on performance requirements.
Advanced Hybrid Powertrains For Commercial Vehicles
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Author : Haoran Hu
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2021-04-14
Advanced Hybrid Powertrains For Commercial Vehicles written by Haoran Hu and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Powertrains for commercial vehicles have evolved since the late nineteenth-century invention of the ICE. In the revised second edition of Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles, the authors explore commercial powertrains through history from the ICE through the introduction of the hybrid powertrain in commercial vehicles. Readers are given an understanding of the ICE as well as the classification of commercial vehicle hybrid powertrains, the variety of energy storage systems, fuel-cell hybrid powertrain systems, and commercial vehicle electrification. The authors review the legislation of vehicle emissions and the regulation necessary to promote the production of fuel-efficient vehicles.
Electric Powertrain
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Author : John G. Hayes
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-02-05
Electric Powertrain written by John G. Hayes and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The why, what and how of the electric vehicle powertrain Empowers engineering professionals and students with the knowledge and skills required to engineer electric vehicle powertrain architectures, energy storage systems, power electronics converters and electric drives. The modern electric powertrain is relatively new for the automotive industry, and engineers are challenged with designing affordable, efficient and high-performance electric powertrains as the industry undergoes a technological evolution. Co-authored by two electric vehicle (EV) engineers with decades of experience designing and putting into production all of the powertrain technologies presented, this book provides readers with the hands-on knowledge, skills and expertise they need to rise to that challenge. This four-part practical guide provides a comprehensive review of battery, hybrid and fuel cell EV systems and the associated energy sources, power electronics, machines, and drives. Introduces and holistically integrates the key EV powertrain technologies. Provides a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging automotive solutions. Provides experience-based expertise for vehicular and powertrain system and sub-system level study, design, and optimization. Presents many examples of powertrain technologies from leading manufacturers. Discusses the dc traction machines of the Mars rovers, the ultimate EVs from NASA. Investigates the environmental motivating factors and impacts of electromobility. Presents a structured university teaching stream from introductory undergraduate to postgraduate. Includes real-world problems and assignments of use to design engineers, researchers, and students alike. Features a companion website with numerous references, problems, solutions, and practical assignments. Includes introductory material throughout the book for the general scientific reader. Contains essential reading for government regulators and policy makers. Electric Powertrain: Energy Systems, Power Electronics and Drives for Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles is an important professional resource for practitioners and researchers in the battery, hybrid, and fuel cell EV transportation industry. The resource is a structured, holistic textbook for the teaching of the fundamental theories and applications of energy sources, power electronics, and electric machines and drives to engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Recommended Practice For Measuring Fuel Economy And Emissions Of Hybrid Electric And Conventional Heavy Duty Vehicles
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Author : Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Recommended Practice For Measuring Fuel Economy And Emissions Of Hybrid Electric And Conventional Heavy Duty Vehicles written by Truck and Bus Powertrain Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
This SAE Recommended Practice was established to provide an accurate, uniform, and reproducible procedure for simulating use of MD/HD conventional vehicles (CVs) and hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), as well as plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on powertrain dynamometers for the purpose of measuring emissions and fuel economy. This document does not specify which emissions constituents to measure (e.g., HC, CO, NOx, PM, CO2), as that decision will depend on the objectives of the tester. While the main focus of this procedure is for calculating fuel and energy consumption, it is anticipated that emissions may also be recorded during execution of this procedure.It should be noted that most MD/HD powertrains addressed in this document would be powered by engines that are certified separately for emissions. The engine certification procedure appears in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 86 and 1065. The Code of Federal Regulations defines powertrain testing in 40 CFR 1037.550 as one of the methodologies to establish the fuel consumption maps for a powertrain (1036.510) over pre-determined duty cycles and vehicle configurations. This technique allows manufacturers to capture the fuel economy benefits realized by optimizing the powertrain as a system, as these gains might not be completely captured when using an engine-only certification approach combined with the EPA's GEM model.
Powertrain Systems For Net Zero Transport
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Author : Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMe
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Powertrain Systems For Net Zero Transport written by Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMe and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The transport sector continues to shift towards alternative powertrains, particularly with the UK Government’s announcement to end the sale of petrol and diesel passenger cars by 2030 and increasing support for alternatives. Despite this announcement, the internal combustion continues to play a significant role both in the passenger car market through the use of hybrids and sustainable low carbon fuels, as well as a key role in other sectors such as heavy-duty vehicles and off-highway applications across the globe. Building on the industry-leading IC Engines conference, the 2021 Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport conference (7-8 December 2021, London, UK) focussed on the internal combustion engine’s role in Net-Zero transport as well as covered developments in the wide range of propulsion systems available (electric, fuel cell, sustainable fuels etc) and their associated powertrains. To achieve the net-zero transport across the globe, the life-cycle analysis of future powertrain and energy was also discussed. Powertrain Systems for Net-Zero Transport provided a forum for engine, fuels, e-machine, fuel cell and powertrain experts to look closely at developments in powertrain technology required, to meet the demands of the net-zero future and global competition in all sectors of the road transportation, off-highway and stationary power industries.
Reducing Fuel Consumption And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-05-15
Reducing Fuel Consumption And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-15 with Science categories.
Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
Technologies And Approaches To Reducing The Fuel Consumption Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2010-07-30
Technologies And Approaches To Reducing The Fuel Consumption Of Medium And Heavy Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-30 with Science categories.
Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Nrel Industry Range Extended Electric Vehicle For Package Delivery
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Nrel Industry Range Extended Electric Vehicle For Package Delivery written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Range-extended electric vehicle (EV) technology can be a viable option for reducing fuel consumption from medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) engines by approximately 50 percent or more. Such engines have wide variations in use and duty cycles, however, and identifying the vocations/duty cycles most suitable for range-extended applications is vital for maximizing the potential benefits. This presentation provides information about NREL's research on range-extended EV technologies, with a focus on NREL's real-world data collection and analysis approach to identifying the vocations/duty cycles best suited for range-extender applications and to help guide related powertrain optimization and design requirements. The presentation also details NREL's drive cycle development process as it pertains to package delivery applications.
Powertrain Performance And Total Cost Of Ownership Analysis For Class 8 Yard Tractors And Refuse Trucks
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Powertrain Performance And Total Cost Of Ownership Analysis For Class 8 Yard Tractors And Refuse Trucks written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Advanced powertrain technologies, specifically fuel cell electric powertrains, have gained attention as viable alternatives for medium- and heavy-duty (M/HD) vehicles. However, it is unclear how these alternative powertrain vehicles stack up against their diesel counterparts in terms of performance and total cost of ownership (TCO). Furthermore, there are vehicle segments within the M/HD sector that have remained unstudied for fuel cell electric applications. This analysis aims to provide a comparative scoping-level TCO and performance analysis for two heavy-duty vocation vehicles (Class 8 U.S. port-side yard tractor and Class 8 U.S.-based refuse truck) for both conventional diesel and heavy-duty fuel cell electric (HDFC) powertrains. The refuse truck analysis also considered compressed natural gas powertrains (CNG) for comparison. The analysis includes seven timeframes (2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, and 2050) for comparison. This simplified TCO analysis includes only direct costs (fuel price, glider purchase price, and operating & maintenance costs) and excludes any associated indirect cost (e.g., dwell time costs and other opportunity based costs). Representative drive cycles for each vehicle were based on on-board GPS logged data and chosen by the analysis team to represent average, non-extreme driving conditions. At the time the analysis was performed, the Inflation Reduction Act was not in effect and therefore any potential subsidies and future cost reductions enacted under the Inflation Reduction Act were not included. Based on the operational setpoints used in this analysis, HDFC powertrains for both yard tractors and refuse trucks have the potential to achieve TCO advantages over conventional diesel powertrains (and CNG for refuse truck applications) in the near- to mid-term future while meeting the necessary duty cycle performance requirements. Yard tractors and refuse trucks spend a significant amount of time operating at low speeds, with long durations of idling, and experience numerous start/stop occurrences. These operational characteristics favor fuel cell performance as fuel cells operate with higher efficiencies at lower percentages of total power output. Conversely, conventional diesel and CNG engines are most efficient at higher percentages of total power output. This helps HDFC powered yard tractors and refuse trucks realize improved fuel economy when compared to their diesel counterparts, which helps reduce total fuel costs and therefore, total TCO. The analysis demonstrates that fuel prices play a significant role in determining TCO for each vehicle and should remain an R&D focus area. Overall, under the analysis' specified conditions, HDFC yard tractors have the potential to achieve cost parity with diesel yard tractors as early as 2025. For refuse trucks, HDFC refuse trucks have the potential to achieve cost parity with diesel and CNG refuse trucks in 2030 and 2040, respectively.