Memory Storage Patterns In Parallel Processing

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Memory Storage Patterns In Parallel Processing

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Author : Mary E. Mace
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Memory Storage Patterns In Parallel Processing written by Mary E. Mace and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.

This project had its beginnings in the Fall of 1980. At that time Robert Wagner suggested that I investigate compiler optimi zation of data organization, suitable for use in a parallel or vector machine environment. We developed a scheme in which the compiler, having knowledge of the machine's access patterns, does a global analysis of a program's operations, and automatically determines optimum organization for the data. For example, for certain architectures and certain operations, large improvements in performance can be attained by storing a matrix in row major order. However a subsequent operation may require the matrix in column major order. A determination must be made whether or not it is the best solution globally to store the matrix in row order, column order, or even have two copies of it, each organized differently. We have developed two algorithms for making this determination. The technique shows promise in a vector machine environ ment, particularly if memory interleaving is used. Supercomputers such as the Cray, the CDC Cyber 205, the IBM 3090, as well as superminis such as the Convex are possible environments for implementation.

On Algorithmic Reductions In Task Parallel Programming Models

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Author : Jan Ciesko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

On Algorithmic Reductions In Task Parallel Programming Models written by Jan Ciesko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.

Wide adoption of parallel processing hardware in mainstream computing as well as the interest for efficient parallel programming in developer communities increase the demand for programming models that offer support for common algorithmic patterns. An algorithmic pattern of particular interest are reductions. Reductions are iterative memory updates of a program variable and appear in many applications. While their definition is simple, their variety of implementations including the use of different loop constructs and calling patterns makes their support in parallel programming models difficult. Further, their characteristic update operation over arbitrary data types that requires atomicity makes their execution computationally expensive and scalable execution challenging. These challenges and their relevance makes reductions a benchmark for compilers, runtime systems and hardware architectures today. This work advances research on algorithmic reductions. It improves their programmability by adding support for task-parallel and array-type reductions. Task-parallel reductions occur in while-loops and recursive algorithms. While for each recursive algorithm an iterative formulation exists, while-loop programs represent a super class of for-loop computable programs and therefore cannot be transformed or substituted. This limitation requires an explicit support for reduction algorithms that fall within this class. Since tasks are suited for a concurrent formulation of these algorithms, the presented work focuses on language extension to the task construct in OmpSs and OpenMP. In the first section of this work we present a generic support for task-parallel reductions in OmpSs and OpenMP and introduce the ideas of reduction scope, reduction domains and static and on-demand memory allocation. With this foundation and the feedback received from the OpenMP language review board, we develop a formalized proposal to add support for task-parallel reductions in OpenMP. This engagement led to a fruitful outcome as our proposal has been accepted into OpenMP recently. As a first step towards support of array-type reduction in a task-parallel programming model, we present a landscape of support techniques and group them by their underlying strategy. Techniques follow either the strategy of direct access (atomics), redirection or iteration ordering. We call techniques that implement redirection into thread-private data containers as techniques with alternative memory layouts (AMLs) and techniques that are based on iteration ordering as techniques with alternative iteration space (AIS). A universal support of AML-based techniques in parallel programming models can be achieved by defining basic interface methods allocate, get and reduce. As examples for new techniques that implement this interface, we present CachedPrivate and PIBOR. CachedPrivate implements a software cache to reduce communication caused by irregular accesses to remote nodes on distributed memory systems. PIBOR implements Privatization with In-lined Block-ordering, a technique that improves data locality by redirecting accesses into thread-local bins. Both techniques implement a get-method that returns a private memory storage for each update operation of the reduction loop. As an example of a technique with an alternative iteration space (AIS), we present Commutative Reductions (ComRed). This technique uses an inspector-executor execution model to generate knowledge about memory access patterns and memory overlaps between participating tasks. This information is used during the execution phase to schedule tasks with overlaps commutatively. We show that this execution model requires only a small set of additional language constructs. Performance results obtained throughout different Chapters of this work demonstrate that software techniques can improve application performance by a factor of 2-4.

Wopplot 86 Parallel Processing Logic Organization And Technology

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Author : Jörg D. Becker
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1987

Wopplot 86 Parallel Processing Logic Organization And Technology written by Jörg D. Becker and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Computers categories.

WOPPLOT 86 - Workshop on Parallel Processing: Logic, Organization and Technology - gathered together experts from various fields for a broad overview of current trends in parallel processing. There are contributions from logic (e.g., the connection between time and logic, or non-monotonic reasoning); from organizational structure theory (of great importance for pyramid architecture) and structure representation; from intrinsic parallelism and problem classification; from developments in future technologies (3-D Silicon technology, molecular electronics); and from various applications (pattern storage in adaptive memories, simulation of physical systems). The proceedings show clearly that progress in parallel processing is an interdisciplinary goal; they present a cross section of the state of the art as well as of future trends. Furthermore, some contributions (in particular, those from logic and organization) deserve a broader interest also outside the field of parallel processing.

Pattern Based Parallel Programming In A Distributed Memory Environment

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Author : Kai Tan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

Pattern Based Parallel Programming In A Distributed Memory Environment written by Kai Tan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Distributed shared memory categories.

Parallel Processing

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Author : Bruno Buchberger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1994-08-30

Parallel Processing written by Bruno Buchberger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08-30 with Computers categories.

Proceedings -- Parallel Computing.

Data Parallel C

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Author : James Reinders
language : en
Publisher: Apress
Release Date : 2020-11-19

Data Parallel C written by James Reinders and has been published by Apress this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-19 with Computers categories.

Learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism. This open access book enables C++ programmers to be at the forefront of this exciting and important new development that is helping to push computing to new levels. It is full of practical advice, detailed explanations, and code examples to illustrate key topics. Data parallelism in C++ enables access to parallel resources in a modern heterogeneous system, freeing you from being locked into any particular computing device. Now a single C++ application can use any combination of devices—including GPUs, CPUs, FPGAs and AI ASICs—that are suitable to the problems at hand. This book begins by introducing data parallelism and foundational topics for effective use of the SYCL standard from the Khronos Group and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++), the open source compiler used in this book. Later chapters cover advanced topics including error handling, hardware-specific programming, communication and synchronization, and memory model considerations. Data Parallel C++ provides you with everything needed to use SYCL for programming heterogeneous systems. What You'll Learn Accelerate C++ programs using data-parallel programming Target multiple device types (e.g. CPU, GPU, FPGA) Use SYCL and SYCL compilers Connect with computing’s heterogeneous future via Intel’s oneAPI initiative Who This Book Is For Those new data-parallel programming and computer programmers interested in data-parallel programming using C++.

Implementing Parallel And Distributed Systems

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Author : Alireza Poshtkohi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-04-13

Implementing Parallel And Distributed Systems written by Alireza Poshtkohi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-13 with Computers categories.

Parallel and distributed systems (PADS) have evolved from the early days of computational science and supercomputers to a wide range of novel computing paradigms, each of which is exploited to tackle specific problems or application needs, including distributed systems, parallel computing, and cluster computing, generally called high-performance computing (HPC). Grid, Cloud, and Fog computing patterns are the most important of these PADS paradigms, which share common concepts in practice. Many-core architectures, multi-core cluster-based supercomputers, and Cloud Computing paradigms in this era of exascale computers have tremendously influenced the way computing is applied in science and academia (e.g., scientific computing and large-scale simulations). Implementing Parallel and Distributed Systems presents a PADS infrastructure known as Parvicursor that can facilitate the construction of such scalable and high-performance parallel distributed systems as HPC, Grid, and Cloud Computing. This book covers parallel programming models, techniques, tools, development frameworks, and advanced concepts of parallel computer systems used in the construction of distributed and HPC systems. It specifies a roadmap for developing high-performance client-server applications for distributed environments and supplies step-by-step procedures for constructing a native and object-oriented C++ platform. FEATURES: Hardware and software perspectives on parallelism Parallel programming many-core processors, computer networks and storage systems Parvicursor.NET Framework: a partial, native, and cross-platform C++ implementation of the .NET Framework xThread: a distributed thread programming model by combining thread-level parallelism and distributed memory programming models xDFS: a native cross-platform framework for efficient file transfer Parallel programming for HPC systems and supercomputers using message passing interface (MPI) Focusing on data transmission speed that exploits the computing power of multicore processors and cutting-edge system-on-chip (SoC) architectures, it explains how to implement an energy-efficient infrastructure and examines distributing threads amongst Cloud nodes. Taking a solid approach to design and implementation, this book is a complete reference for designing, implementing, and deploying these very complicated systems.

Euro Par 2003 Parallel Processing

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Author : Harald Kosch
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2004-06-01

Euro Par 2003 Parallel Processing written by Harald Kosch and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-01 with Computers categories.

Euro-ParConferenceSeries The European Conference on Parallel Computing (Euro-Par) is an international conference series dedicated to the promotion and advancement of all aspects of parallel and distributed computing. The major themes fall into the categories of hardware, software, algorithms, and applications. This year, new and interesting topicswereintroduced,likePeer-to-PeerComputing,DistributedMultimedia- stems, and Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing. For the ?rst time, we organized a Demo Session showing many challenging applications. The general objective of Euro-Par is to provide a forum promoting the de- lopment of parallel and distributed computing both as an industrial technique and an academic discipline, extending the frontiers of both the state of the art and the state of the practice. The industrial importance of parallel and dist- buted computing is supported this year by a special Industrial Session as well as a vendors’ exhibition. This is particularly important as currently parallel and distributed computing is evolving into a globally important technology; the b- zword Grid Computing clearly expresses this move. In addition, the trend to a - bile world is clearly visible in this year’s Euro-Par. ThemainaudienceforandparticipantsatEuro-Parareresearchersinaca- mic departments, industrial organizations, and government laboratories. Euro- Par aims to become the primary choice of such professionals for the presentation of new results in their speci?c areas. Euro-Par has its own Internet domain with a permanent Web site where the history of the conference series is described: http://www.euro-par.org. The Euro-Par conference series is sponsored by the Association for Computer Machinery (ACM) and the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP).

Data Organization In Parallel Computers

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Author : Harry A.G. Wijshoff
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Data Organization In Parallel Computers written by Harry A.G. Wijshoff and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.

The organization of data is clearly of great importance in the design of high performance algorithms and architectures. Although there are several landmark papers on this subject, no comprehensive treatment has appeared. This monograph is intended to fill that gap. We introduce a model of computation for parallel computer architec tures, by which we are able to express the intrinsic complexity of data or ganization for specific architectures. We apply this model of computation to several existing parallel computer architectures, e.g., the CDC 205 and CRAY vector-computers, and the MPP binary array processor. The study of data organization in parallel computations was introduced as early as 1970. During the development of the ILLIAC IV system there was a need for a theory of possible data arrangements in interleaved mem ory systems. The resulting theory dealt primarily with storage schemes also called skewing schemes for 2-dimensional matrices, i.e., mappings from a- dimensional array to a number of memory banks. By means of the model of computation we are able to apply the theory of skewing schemes to var ious kinds of parallel computer architectures. This results in a number of consequences for both the design of parallel computer architectures and for applications of parallel processing.

Data Management And Internet Computing For Image Pattern Analysis

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Author : David D. Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Data Management And Internet Computing For Image Pattern Analysis written by David D. Zhang and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.

Data Management and Internet Computing for Image/Pattern Analysis focuses on the data management issues and Internet computing aspect of image processing and pattern recognition research. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the state of the art, providing detailed case studies that emphasize how image and pattern (IAP) data are distributed and exchanged on sequential and parallel machines, and how the data communication patterns in low- and higher-level IAP computing differ from general numerical computation, what problems they cause and what opportunities they provide. The studies also describe how the images and matrices should be stored, accessed and distributed on different types of machines connected to the Internet, and how Internet resource sharing and data transmission change traditional IAP computing. Data Management and Internet Computing for Image/Pattern Analysis is divided into three parts: the first part describes several software approaches to IAP computing, citing several representative data communication patterns and related algorithms; the second part introduces hardware and Internet resource sharing in which a wide range of computer architectures are described and memory management issues are discussed; and the third part presents applications ranging from image coding, restoration and progressive transmission. Data Management and Internet Computing for Image/Pattern Analysis is an excellent reference for researchers and may be used as a text for advanced courses in image processing and pattern recognition.