Mercosul Mercosur
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Latin America
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Author : P. Coffey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Latin America written by P. Coffey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Latin America's experience with regional economic integration has been only slightly shorter than that of Europe. In fact, the first attempt at integration started as early as 1960, with the creation of LAFTA - the Latin American Free Trade Area (subsequently replaced by LAIA - the Latin American Integration Association). LAFTA, composed of 11 countries, sought, unsuccessfully, to create a free trade area in 12 years. In 1969, the Andean pact, which sought, also unsuccessfully, to create a sub-regional free trade area, was set up. Recently the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion aimed at creating a common market as from 1st January, 1995. This common market, MERCOSUR, will be completed by 2006. In comparison with the earlier and unsuccessful attempts at integration, and despite challenges and problems, both internal and external, MERCOSUR is working, and trade between the member States is increasing. Furthermore, as with the case of the European Union (EU), serious attempts (notably between Argentina and Brazil) are being made to co-ordinate economic and monetary policies. The most important evidence of these moves is the introduction of hard currencies, the reduction in the size of the public sector and the privatization of State assets. These are clearly exciting times for Latin American integration. In this book, the first in a new series of books on International Economic Integration, the authors examine the experience of MERCOSUR in the Latin American integration progress. After an analysis of the history of the moves towards integration in South America, the case of each Member State and the Associate Country is examined and perspectives for the future are assessed.
Regional Multilateral And Unilateral Trade Policies Of Mercosur For Growth And Poverty Reduction In Brazil
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Author : Angelo Gurgel
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Regional Multilateral And Unilateral Trade Policies Of Mercosur For Growth And Poverty Reduction In Brazil written by Angelo Gurgel and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Brazil categories.
This paper determines the impacts of the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) for Brazil under alternative assumptions concerning the returns to scale and the nature of competition in several industries, emphasizing the effects on the agribusiness activities. The GTAPinGAMS applied general equilibrium model is used to run the simulations. The results suggest different changes in output, imports, exports, and prices under alternative assumptions about market structure. The FTAA allows the exploitation of economies of scale and reduction of markups in almost all industries, with evidences of rationalizing and pro-competitive effects occurring in the industries under imperfect competition. The welfare gains from the FTAA are larger in the model with market imperfections. If the FTAA excludes products from the agribusiness sectors, the Brazilian agricultural industries will exploit less the economies of scale.
Transport Costs And Natural Integration In Mercosur
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Author : Azita Amjadi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1997
Transport Costs And Natural Integration In Mercosur written by Azita Amjadi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Comercio internacional categories.
Impact Of 57 New Export Processing Zones In Mercosur
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Author : Richard L. Bolin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Impact Of 57 New Export Processing Zones In Mercosur written by Richard L. Bolin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Free ports and zones categories.
Regional Multilateral And Unilateral Trade Policies Of Mercosur For Growth And Poverty Reduction In Brazil
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Author : David G. Tarr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Regional Multilateral And Unilateral Trade Policies Of Mercosur For Growth And Poverty Reduction In Brazil written by David G. Tarr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Harrison, Rutherford, Tarr, and Gurgel estimate that the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA), the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, and multilateral trade policy changes will all be beneficial for Brazil. The Brazilian government strategy of simultaneously negotiating the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, while supporting multilateral liberalization through the Doha Agenda, will increase the benefits of each of these policies.The authors estimate that the poorest households typically gain roughly three to four times the average for Brazil from any of the policies considerethe United States protects its most highly protected markets. Both the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreements are net trade-creating for the countries involved, but excluded countries almost always lose from the agreements. The authors estimate that multilateral trade liberalization of 50 percent in tariffs and export subsidies results in gains to the world more than four times greater than either the FTAA or the EU-MERCOSUR agreement. This shows the continued importance to the world trading community of the multilateral negotiations.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of trade liberalization on poverty.
Transport Costs And Natural Integration In Mercosur
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Author : L. Alan Winters
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Transport Costs And Natural Integration In Mercosur written by L. Alan Winters and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
March 1997 Geographic proximity and lower transportation costs are probably not enough for Mercosur to reap big rewards as a natural trading bloc. Amjadi and Winters explore the argument that trade between the Mercosur countries should be stimulated by preferential policies because of their geographic proximity. That is, that the Mercosur countries are candidates for natural integration. They find that, on average, transportation margins on trade within Mercosur and between Mercosur and Chile are about 6 percentage points lower than on trade with the rest of the world. That is a significant margin, and one that was reflected in the countries' trade patterns even before regional trade agreements reduced the policy-based barriers to mutual trade. But it is probably not large enough, in and of itself (without other benefits), to make the introduction of trade preferences desirable. Amjadi and Winters also explore the argument that absolutely high transportation costs between Mercosur and the rest of the world (that is, not relative to intra-Mercosur costs) justify regional trade preferences. For this to apply the introduction of trade preferences must cause the Mercosur countries to cease importing some goods from the rest of the world completely. While Mercosur-rest-of-the-world transport costs certainly are high, trade patterns suggest that very few goods will cease to be imported from the rest of the world. Finally, Amjadi and Winters find that transport margins on imports are, on average, 2 to 4 percentage points higher for Mercosur countries than for the United States. Further research on why this is so is necessary before one can conclude that avoidable inefficiencies are involved. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort by the department and the Latin America and the Caribbean Region to identify ways to make the most of Mercosur.
Mercosur Report Number 3 July December 1997 Subregional Integration Report Series Mercosur Informes Subregionales De Integraci N Mercosur S Rie Informes Subregionais De Integra Ao Mercosul 3
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BID-INTAL
Release Date :
Mercosur Report Number 3 July December 1997 Subregional Integration Report Series Mercosur Informes Subregionales De Integraci N Mercosur S Rie Informes Subregionais De Integra Ao Mercosul 3 written by and has been published by BID-INTAL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Mercosur Report Number 8 2001 2002 Subregional Integration Report Series Mercosur Informes Subregionales De Integraci N Mercosur S Rie Informes Subregionais De Integra Ao Mercosul 8
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BID-INTAL
Release Date :
Mercosur Report Number 8 2001 2002 Subregional Integration Report Series Mercosur Informes Subregionales De Integraci N Mercosur S Rie Informes Subregionais De Integra Ao Mercosul 8 written by and has been published by BID-INTAL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Transnational Law Of Human Mobility
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Author : Emília Lana de Freitas Castro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-31
Transnational Law Of Human Mobility written by Emília Lana de Freitas Castro and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-31 with Law categories.
This book employs methods from comparative law to analyze voluntary migration, exploring the free movement of immigrants and their freedom of settlement under Brazilian and Mercosul law, as well as under German law and the European Union’s legal framework on migration. It discusses the level of protection granted to immigrants in terms of their right to enter and stay in Brazil and Mercosul, using German legislation and the EU’s legal framework on migration for comparison. Accordingly, the book will help migration researchers to understand not only the structure and rationale of migration law in Brazil, especially after the entry into force of its recent Migration Law in 2017, but also its relation to EU and German provisions on voluntary migration. It demonstrates how the differing natures of the migration law adopted by Brazil and Germany have led to different approaches and, consequently, different levels of protection for immigrants.
Mercosur
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Author : Celina Pena
language : en
Publisher: FOCAL
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Mercosur written by Celina Pena and has been published by FOCAL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with categories.