Metabolic Stress In Dairy Cows
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Metabolic Stress In Dairy Cows
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Author : John D. Oldham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Metabolic Stress In Dairy Cows written by John D. Oldham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Animal welfare categories.
Late Gestation Metabolic Stress In Dairy Cattle
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Author : Renato May Rossi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Late Gestation Metabolic Stress In Dairy Cattle written by Renato May Rossi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Despite improvements made in the dairy industry and advances on heifer management, calf morbidity and mortality are still high. Calves rely on colostrum ingestion for acquisition of passive immunity, and provision of insufficient quantity of colostrum may lead these animals to failure of transfer passive immunity, hence leading to higher risks of morbidity and mortality. Many farms do not have sufficient colostrum available at times to feed their calves. Synthesis of colostrum starts few weeks before calving and it is at the time when cows are experiencing augmented metabolic adaptations due to increasing nutrient demands for fetal growth, colostrogenesis, and preparation for the onset of lactogenesis. The study described in Chapter 2 aimed to compare the metabolic status of dairy cows during the last 6 wk of gestation based on colostrum volume and Ig content across seasons during a year. The results in the latter study suggest that greater availability of antioxidants might support the production of higher volumes of colostrum. Therefore, the study reported in Chapter 3, aimed to evaluate whether administering a dietary antioxidant supplement during the last 3 weeks of gestation improves colostrum volume and immunoglobulin content. Our results showed that DATS increased colostrum volume. However, despite finding higher volume of colostrum in treatment group with statistical differences compared to control, the distribution of colostrum volume between groups are relatively the same, as well for IgG, IgM, and IgA.
Individual Variability In Physiological Adaptation To Metabolic Stress During Early Lactation In Dairy Cows Kept Under Equal Conditions
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Author : Simone Kessel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Individual Variability In Physiological Adaptation To Metabolic Stress During Early Lactation In Dairy Cows Kept Under Equal Conditions written by Simone Kessel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Niacin Metabolic Stress And Insulin Resistance In Dairy Cows
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Author : Marko Cincović
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Niacin Metabolic Stress And Insulin Resistance In Dairy Cows written by Marko Cincović and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Science categories.
The periparturient period in cows is associated with metabolic stress and a state of negative energy balance, which are characterized by increased lipolysis, ketogenesis, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Such metabolic changes may exert adverse effects on the health and milk yield of lactating cows. The pharmacokinetics of niacin in ruminants is specific as rumen microorganisms facilitate both the synthesis of tryptophan and the degradation of niacin. Niacin administration to cows leads to an increase in the coenzyme activity, encompassing the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These coenzymes are actively involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates, whereas NAD protects the organism from oxidative stress. In periparturient cows, the supplementation of niacin has been found to induce depressed lipolysis and a limited impact of nonesterified fatty acids on all metabolic processes. It also results in decreased lipid peroxidation regardless of the magnitude of lipolysis in the periparturient period. Furthermore, niacin reduces the concentration of ketone bodies, thus preventing the development of fatty lever disease and ketosis in cows. The anti-inflammatory effect of niacin is manifested in stimulating the secretion of adiponectin and inhibiting immune cells.
Metabolic Diseases In Farm Animals
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Author : Jack M. Payne
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Metabolic Diseases In Farm Animals written by Jack M. Payne and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Metabolic Diseases in Farm Animals discusses metabolic diseases in farm livestock, focusing on four clinical syndromes—parturient hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, ketosis, and bloat. This book discusses metabolic disorders associated with water, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The parturient paresis, which causes considerable metabolic stress and disrupts the daily pattern of feeding and digestion of dairy cows is also elaborated. This text covers the changes in mineral metabolism at parturition; factors predisposing dairy cows to parturient paresis; cause of paresis in milk fever; and downer syndrome in dairy cows. The complexity of energy metabolism and its associated disorders are likewise described. This publication is a good source for veterinarians and livestock farmers concerned with metabolic diseases in farm animals.
Yeast Microbial Protein Supplementation In Transition Dairy Cows
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Author : Audrey St-Yves
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Yeast Microbial Protein Supplementation In Transition Dairy Cows written by Audrey St-Yves and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
"Metabolic stress in transitioning dairy cows is characterized by low glucose and high beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Such a metabolic milieu appears to have negative effects on the ovarian follicle and overall fertility. We hypothesized that supplementing transition cows with rumen protected yeast-derived microbial protein (YMP) alleviates metabolic stress and enhances ovarian follicular function. For this, we supplemented the diet of transition dairy cows with (n=6; supplemented) or without (n=13; control) YMP. Supplemented cows received 50g of YMP daily for 3 weeks before calving and 200g daily for 4 weeks after calving. Blood samples were collected at weeks -3, 0, +1 and +7 relative to calving. Liver biopsies were taken at weeks -3, 0 and +7 relative to calving. Follicular fluid from the dominant follicle of a synchronized wave of each cow was collected at 7 weeks post-partum. Glucose concentrations decreased and BHBA levels increased from week -3 to +1 relative to calving in control cows (P
Metabolic Inflammation And Immunomodulation In Dairy Cows
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Author : Kai Yuan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Metabolic Inflammation And Immunomodulation In Dairy Cows written by Kai Yuan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The transition period in dairy cows is characterized by dramatic increases in nutrient requirements for lactation and substantial metabolic stress. The disturbed metabolic balance, coupled with suppressed immune function, contributes to markedly elevated incidence of health disorders. Several lines of evidence suggest that increased inflammation is common during the transition period. Unlike the classical inflammation associated with acute infection, the postpartum inflammatory state is low-grade and often of metabolic origin. This metabolic inflammation plays a key role in numerous disorders; an improved understanding of inflammatory pathways in transition cows may improve our ability to predict and prevent disorders. To mimic metabolic inflammation, in Experiment 1, we administered low amounts of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] (rbTNF[alpha]), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, to early lactation cows, and evaluated whether rbTNF[alpha] affects milk production, metabolism, and health. We found that rbTNF[alpha] administration increased systemic inflammation, decreased feed intake and milk yield, and increased incidence of disorders. Conversely, preventing excessive inflammation has the potential to improve productivity and health of dairy cows. To identify nutritional strategies that could enhance metabolism and immunity, we evaluated the efficacy of several feed additives. In Experiment 2, we evaluated effects of chromium propionate, rumen-protected lysine and methionine, or both on metabolism and immunity in lactating dairy cows, and found that supplementation of these nutrients may enhance neutrophil function. In Experiment 3, we determined whether supplementation of yeast product to transition cows could enhance production, metabolism, and immunity, and found that yeast product modulated feeding behavior, metabolism, immunity, and uterine inflammation. Overall, a greater understanding of the role of metabolic inflammation in the transition period and the nutritional strategies that could modulate these signals may improve the production and health of dairy cows.
B Group Vitamins
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Author : Jean Guy LeBlanc
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-09-26
B Group Vitamins written by Jean Guy LeBlanc and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-26 with Science categories.
B-group vitamins are involved in numerous metabolic reactions and their widespread deficiency can cause a large series of health problems. The aim of this book is to provide an update on the current use and perspectives of B-group vitamins. Novel methods to detect folates in pregnant women, the use and role of folate dentistry, the use of genotype notification to modify food intake behavior, thiamin metabolism in Archaea and its role in plants and in crop improvement, the use of riboflavin in blood safety and niacin in metabolic stress and resistance in dairy cows are some of the subjects that are described in this multitopic book written by authors from seven different countries.
Lost In Transition Genetic Transcriptomic And Breeding Aspects Of Metabolic Robustness In Dairy Cows
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Author : Ngoc-Thuy Ha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Lost In Transition Genetic Transcriptomic And Breeding Aspects Of Metabolic Robustness In Dairy Cows written by Ngoc-Thuy Ha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The transition phase of dairy cows is marked by severe metabolic stress resulting from a discrepancy of a high energy demand for rapidly increasing milk production and limited feed intake. Here, a failure in metabolic adaptation results in an increased susceptibility to health problems. However, even under the same environmental factors and production lev-el, the variability of how each cow deals with metabolic load is substantial, leading to the hypothesis that there might be an underlying genetic basis. The main goal of this thesis is to study this genetic basis from different points of v...
Metabolic And Stress Responses In Dairy Cows Fed A Concentrate Rich Diet And Submitted To Intramammary Lipopolysaccharide Challenge
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Metabolic And Stress Responses In Dairy Cows Fed A Concentrate Rich Diet And Submitted To Intramammary Lipopolysaccharide Challenge written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.