Modeling Shelter In Place Including Sorption On Indoor Surfaces
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Modeling Shelter In Place Including Sorption On Indoor Surfaces
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Modeling Shelter In Place Including Sorption On Indoor Surfaces written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Intentional or accidental large-scale airborne toxic releases (e.g. terrorist attacks or industrial accidents) can cause severe harm to nearby communities. As part of an emergency response plan, shelter-in-place (SIP) can be an effective response option, especially when evacuation is infeasible. Reasonably tight building envelopes provide some protection against exposure to peak concentrations when toxic release passes over an area. They also provide some protection in terms of cumulative exposure, if SIP is terminated promptly after the outdoor plume has passed. The purpose of this work is to quantify the level of protection offered by existing houses, and the importance of sorption/desorption to and from surfaces on the effectiveness of SIP. We examined a hypothetical chlorine gas release scenario simulated by the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC). We used a standard infiltration model to calculate the distribution of time dependent infiltration rates within each census tract. Large variation in the air tightness of dwellings makes some houses more protective than others. Considering only the median air tightness, model results showed that if sheltered indoors, the total population intake of non-sorbing toxic gas is only 50% of the outdoor level 4 hours from the start of the release. Based on a sorption/desorption model by Karlsson and Huber (1996), we calculated that the sorption process would further lower the total intake of the population by an additional 50%. The potential benefit of SIP can be considerably higher if the comparison is made in terms of health effects because of the non-linear acute effect dose-response curve of many chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial substances.
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Shelter In Place As An Emergency Response To Large Scale Outdoor Chemical Releases
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Author : Wanyu Rengie Chan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Assessing The Effectiveness Of Shelter In Place As An Emergency Response To Large Scale Outdoor Chemical Releases written by Wanyu Rengie Chan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Safety Reliability And Risk Analysis
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Author : Sebastian Martorell
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2008-09-10
Safety Reliability And Risk Analysis written by Sebastian Martorell and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis. Theory, Methods and Applications contains the papers presented at the joint ESREL (European Safety and Reliability) and SRA-Europe (Society for Risk Analysis Europe) Conference (Valencia, Spain, 22-25 September 2008). The book covers a wide range of topics, including: Accident and Incident Investigation; Crisi
Aerosols Handbook
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Author : Lev S. Ruzer
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-12-28
Aerosols Handbook written by Lev S. Ruzer and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-28 with Nature categories.
As more attention is dedicated to understanding the occupational health risks associated with the industrial manufacture and use of nanotechnology, Aerosols Handbook: Measurement, Dosimetry, and Health Effects is a timely presentation of time-tested research in the field of aerosol science. The book covers a multitude of topics in indoor, outdoor,
Handbook Of Indoor Air Quality
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Author : Yinping Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-23
Handbook Of Indoor Air Quality written by Yinping Zhang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-23 with Science categories.
People live in indoor environment about 90% of lifetime and an adult inhales about 15 kg air each day, over 75% of the human body’s daily mass intake (air, food, water). Therefore, indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important to human health. This book provides the basic knowledge of IAQ and highlights the research achievements in the past two decades. It covers the following 12 sections: introduction, indoor air chemicals, indoor air particles, measurement and evaluation, source/sink characteristics, indoor chemistry, human exposure to indoor pollutants, health effects and health risk assessment, IAQ and cognitive performance, standards and guidelines, IAQ control, and air quality in various indoor environments. It provides a combination of an introduction to various aspects on IAQ studies, the current state-of-knowledge, various advances and the perspective of IAQ studies. It will be very helpful for the researchers and technicians in the IAQ and the related fields. It is also useful for experts in other fields and general readers who want to obtain a basic understanding of and research advances in the field of IAQ. A group of experts in IAQ research have been recruited to write the chapters. Their research interests and experience cover the scope of the book. In addition, some experienced experts in IAQ field have been invited as advisors or reviewers to give their comments, suggestions and revisions on the handbook framework and the chapter details. Their contribution guarantees the quality of the book. We are very grateful to them. Last but not least, we express our heartfelt thanks to Prof. Spengler, Harvard University, for writing the foreword of the current Handbook of Indoor Air Quality both as a pioneer scientist who contributed greatly to indoor air science and as an Editor-in-chief of Handbook of Indoor Air Quality 2001, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. In addition to hard copies, the book is also published online and will be updated by the authors as needed to keep it aligned with current knowledge. These salient features can make the handbook fresh with the research development.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Publications Of The National Institute Of Standards And Technology Catalog
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Author : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Publications Of The National Institute Of Standards And Technology Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Analytical Measurements In Aquatic Environments
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Author : Jacek Namiesnik
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2009-08-26
Analytical Measurements In Aquatic Environments written by Jacek Namiesnik and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-26 with Science categories.
Even a cursory perusal of any analytical journal will demonstrate the increasing important of trace and ultra-trace analysis. And as instrumentation continues to develop, the definition of the term "trace element" will undoubtedly continue to change. Covering the composition and underlying properties of freshwater and marine systems, Analytical Mea
The Identification And Measurement Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides In Surface Waters
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Author : United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
The Identification And Measurement Of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides In Surface Waters written by United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Halocarbons categories.
Indoor Pollutants
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1981-01-01
Indoor Pollutants written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-01-01 with Medical categories.
Discusses pollution from tobacco smoke, radon and radon progeny, asbestos and other fibers, formaldehyde, indoor combustion, aeropathogens and allergens, consumer products, moisture, microwave radiation, ultraviolet radiation, odors, radioactivity, and dirt and discusses means of controlling or eliminating them.