Modelling Microclimates In Broadleaved Deciduous Forests Using Remotely Sensed Data
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Modelling Microclimates In Broadleaved Deciduous Forests Using Remotely Sensed Data
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Author : Zulkiflee Abd Latif
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modelling Microclimates In Broadleaved Deciduous Forests Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Zulkiflee Abd Latif and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
In temperate forests, wind throw often creates canopy gaps which can dramatically change the micro climate and soil water balance. The main focus of this thesis is to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of the microclimatic conditions in gaps and the sub-canopy in broadleaved deciduous forests. This was achieved by applying a combination of numerical modelling and remote sensing techniques. An analysis of the effects of canopy gap size on microclimate and soil water content was conducted in a semi-natural broadleaved deciduous forest, Eaves Wood, located in North West England. The results showed that solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature and soil water content significantly increased with gap size; air humidity was consistently lower in gaps than the sub-canopy but did not vary with gap size. However, the variability of wind speed could not be explained by the presence or size of gaps. A spatially explicit model of forest gap microclimate and soil water balance, FORGAP-BD (FORest GAP - Broadleaved Deciduous) was developed based on previous reviewed literatures and field measurements. The spatial input variables for FORGAP-BD such as leaf area index, land surface elevation, gap and canopy properties and canopy radiation extinction coefficient were derived from LiDAR and multi spectral remotely sensed data. A preliminary study demonstrated the effectiveness of combining numerical modelling and remote sensing approaches for analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of forest microclimate and soil water balance. Refinements were made to the methodologies for extracting canopy and gap properties using LiDAR and multi spectral data, in order to improve the gap microclimate and soil water content simulations. The outputs of the FORGAP-BD model were then validated using in situ data collected at Eaves Wood, U.K. The results demonstrated that FORGAP-BD driven by remotely-sensed inputs was able to accurately simulate the diurnal fluctuations and spatial distribution of solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and soil water content across the study site. Multi-temporal LiDAR data were used to characterise the dynamics of gaps over a ten year period for a broadleaved deciduous forest, Frame Wood, U.K. The dominance of the process of gap contraction by lateral crown expansion was revealed. The spatial outputs from the multi-temporal remotely-sensed data were used to drive the FORGAP-BD model in order to assess the influence of gap dynamics on micro climate. The effects of different types of gap and canopy change were examined. Importantly, by linking gap properties and their influences upon microclimates this research has generated a potentially valuable tool for understanding the consequences of gap dynamics on a range of abiotic and biotic properties and processes. Hence, the approach developed here provides the basis on which to assess the implications of forestry and conservation practices and natural or anthropogenic disturbances in temperate forest ecosystems.
Microclimate And Local Climate
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Author : Roger G. Barry
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-05-23
Microclimate And Local Climate written by Roger G. Barry and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-23 with Nature categories.
This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of microclimate and local climate. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. It is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology, environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.
Proceedings Of The International Symposium On Remote Sensing Of Environment
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Proceedings Of The International Symposium On Remote Sensing Of Environment written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Geophysics categories.
Monitoring Seasonal And Secondary Succession Processes In Deciduous Forests Using Near Surface Optical Remote Sensing And Wireless Sensor Networks
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Author : Cassidy J. Rankine
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Monitoring Seasonal And Secondary Succession Processes In Deciduous Forests Using Near Surface Optical Remote Sensing And Wireless Sensor Networks written by Cassidy J. Rankine and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Plant phenology categories.
The goal of this thesis is to address the need for improved monitoring of forest ecosystem dynamics in the context of anthropogenic global change by proposing the use of near-surface optical remote sensing approaches paired with emerging wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies in order to evaluate changing forest seasonality and succession patterns, specifically in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics. Climate change is expected to affect terrestrial ecosystems through bottom-up control of primary productivity by extending or decreasing growing season length in seasonally photosynthetic vegetation. Human land use imposes top-down control over ecosystems by modifying disturbance regimes, with subsequent ecosystem regeneration depending on land use policy and management. The interplay between bottom-up climate forces and top-down anthropogenic forces on tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem recovery and productivity is poorly understood and is an underlying theme in this thesis. As such, this thesis introduces and assesses the novel application of WSN technology for spatio-temporal micrometeorological characterization and near-surface optical remote sensing of deciduous broadleaf forest canopy photosynthetic dynamics. The results reveal major benefits as well as challenges in the synergistic use of optical in-situ and satellite observation platforms for monitoring leaf phenology and secondary succession processes in deciduous forests, with case studies from the boreal and tropical dry broadleaf forests. Chapter one reviews the motivations behind the methods and experiments presented in this thesis. Chapter two reveals how low-power wireless data transmission is influenced by seasonal changes in boreal forest leaf phenology and weather conditions to help improve WSN designs for forestry applications. Chapter three describes local meteorological drivers of leaf phenology in detail for a Brazilian TDF in the state of Minas Gerais, and further explores how sub-canopy climate moderation effects are influenced by secondary forest stand age and extreme drought seasonality in order to characterize TDF microclimatic ecosystem services and better understand drought risk factors for seedling establishment and tree recruitment in future TDFs. Chapter four investigates the correlations between remotely sensed and near-surface hyper-temporal observations of TDF phenology in the context of future change detection for climate driven shifts in TDF productivity, revealing significant limitations in MODIS vegetation greenness time series for phenology monitoring in TDFs. Finally, chapter five reviews the significance and main contributions of these experiments. The experimental results presented here may be specific to tropical dry and boreal forest ecosystems, but the methods and ideas apply to all forest ecosystems in order to improve environmental monitoring technologies and our understanding of vegetation seasonality and secondary forest succession in our rapidly changing global environment.
Development Of A Data Driven Process Based Model For Remote Sensing Of Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity Evapotranspiration And Above Ground Biomass
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Author : Bassil El Masri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Development Of A Data Driven Process Based Model For Remote Sensing Of Terrestrial Ecosystem Productivity Evapotranspiration And Above Ground Biomass written by Bassil El Masri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Biomass categories.
Modeling terrestrial ecosystem functions and structure has been a subject of increasing interest because of the importance of the terrestrial carbon cycle in global carbon budget and climate change. In this study, satellite data were used to estimate gross primary production (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) for two deciduous forests: Morgan Monroe State forest (MMSF) in Indiana and Harvard forest in Massachusetts. Also, above-ground biomass (AGB) was estimated for the MMSF and the Howland forest (mixed forest) in Maine. Surface reflectance and temperature, vegetation indices, soil moisture, tree height and canopy area derived from the Moderate Resolution Imagining Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMRS-E), LIDAR, and aerial imagery respectively, were used for this purpose. These variables along with others derived from remotely sensed data were used as inputs variables to process-based models which estimated GPP and ET and to a regression model which estimated AGB. The process-based models were BIOME-BGC and the Penman-Monteith equation. Measured values for the carbon and water fluxes obtained from the Eddy covariance flux tower were compared to the modeled GPP and ET. The data driven methods produced good estimation of GPP and ET with an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.17 molC/m2 and 0.40 mm/day, respectively for the MMSF and the Harvard forest. In addition, allometric data for the MMSF were used to develop the regression model relating AGB with stem volume. The performance of the AGB regression model was compared to site measurements using remotely sensed data for the MMSF and the Howland forest where the model AGB RMSE ranged between 2.92--3.30 Kg C/m2. Sensitivity analysis revealed that improvement in maintenance respiration estimation and remotely sensed maximum photosynthetic activity as well as accurate estimate of canopy resistance will result in improved GPP and ET predictions. Moreover, AGB estimates were found to decrease as large grid size is used in rasterizing LIDAR return points. The analysis suggested that this methodology could be used as an operational procedure for monitoring changes in terrestrial ecosystem functions and structure brought by environmental changes.
Ecology Of Central European Forests
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Author : Christoph Leuschner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-22
Ecology Of Central European Forests written by Christoph Leuschner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Science categories.
This handbook in two volumes synthesises our knowledge about the ecology of Central Europe’s plant cover with its 7000-yr history of human impact, covering Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia. Based on a thorough literature review with 5500 cited references and nearly 1000 figures and tables, the two books review in 26 chapters all major natural and man-made vegetation types with their climatic and edaphic influences, the structure and dynamics of their communities, the ecophysiology of important plant species, and key aspects of ecosystem functioning. Volume I deals with the forests and scrub vegetation and analyses the ecology of Central Europe’s tree flora, whilst Volume II is dedicated to the non-forest vegetation covering mires, grasslands, heaths, alpine habitats and urban vegetation. The consequences of over-use, pollution and recent climate change over the last century are explored and conservation issues addressed.
Water Resources Research Catalog
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Author : United States. Office of Water Research and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Water Resources Research Catalog written by United States. Office of Water Research and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Hydrology categories.
Beginning with vol. 9, only new and continuing but modified projects are listed. Vols. 8- should be kept as a record of continuing but unchanged projects.
Forest Canopies
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Author : Margaret Lowman
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2004-09
Forest Canopies written by Margaret Lowman and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09 with Nature categories.
The treetops of the world's forests are where discovery and opportunity abound, however they have been relatively inaccessible until recently. This book represents an authoritative synthesis of data, anecdotes, case studies, observations, and recommendations from researchers and educators who have risked life and limb in their advocacy of the High Frontier. With innovative rope techniques, cranes, walkways, dirigibles, and towers, they finally gained access to the rich biodiversity that lives far above the forest floor and the emerging science of canopy ecology. In this new edition of Forest Canopies, nearly 60 scientists and educators from around the world look at the biodiversity, ecology, evolution, and conservation of forest canopy ecosystems. Comprehensive literature list State-of-the-art results and data sets from current field work Foremost scientists in the field of canopy ecology Expanded collaboration of researchers and international projects User-friendly format with sidebars and case studies Keywords and outlines for each chapter
Phenology Of Ecosystem Processes
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Author : Asko Noormets
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-19
Phenology Of Ecosystem Processes written by Asko Noormets and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-19 with Science categories.
Terrestrial carbon balance is uncertain at the regional and global scale. A significant source of variability in mid-latitude ecosystems is related to the timing and duration of phenological phases. Spring phenology, in particular, has disproportionate effects on the annual carbon balance. However, the traditional phenological indices that are based on leaf-out and flowering times of select indicator species are not universally amenable for predicting the temporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon and water exchange. Phenology of Ecosystem Processes evaluates current applications of traditional phenology in carbon and H2O cycle research, as well as the potential to identify phenological signals in ecosystem processes themselves. The book summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the seasonal dynamics of ecosystem carbon and H2O fluxes, the novel use of various methods (stable isotopes, time-series, forward and inverse modeling), and the implications for remote sensing and global carbon cycle modeling. Each chapter includes a literature review, in order to present the state-of-the-science in the field and enhance the book’s usability as an educational aid, as well as a case study to exemplify the use and applicability of various methods. Chapters that apply a specific methodology summarize the successes and challenges of particular methods for quantifying the seasonal changes in ecosystem carbon, water and energy fluxes. The book will benefit global change researchers, modelers, and advanced students.
Biometeorology In Integrated Pest Management
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Author : Jerry Hatfield
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Biometeorology In Integrated Pest Management written by Jerry Hatfield and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Biometeorology in Integrated Pest Management is a resulting book from a conference with the same title held at the University of California in 1980. This book presents integrated pest management (IPM) in different viewpoints and perspectives. It serves as a helpful exchange of ideas to strengthen the research in integrated pest management. From a biometeorological viewpoint, the microclimate of agricultural systems is introduced in this book to describe the environment in which pests live. The first few chapters in this book discuss IPM in the perspective of biometeorology. Some of the topics include crop canopies (general heat exchange and wind movement), microclimate (instrumentation, techniques, and simulation), and microclimatic stress (remote sensing). The following section of the book focuses on plant pathology. The subject areas covered in this section include radiation quality and plant diseases; management of plant pathogens; and plant canopy modification and impact on plant disease. The last section focuses on weed science. The interaction of weeds to other pests, effects of light and temperature on weed growth, and weed seed germination are some of the topics discussed in this part. This book is a good source of reference to both students and professionals in the field of biometeorology, entomology, and agriculture. Other interested parties in the research of integrated pest management will also find this book helpful in their endeavors.