Modernization From Above Vs Reform From Below
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Modernization From Above Vs Reform From Below
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Author : James F. Petras
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
Modernization From Above Vs Reform From Below written by James F. Petras and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Agriculture categories.
The State And The Subaltern
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Author : Touraj Atabaki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The State And The Subaltern written by Touraj Atabaki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
"In the 1920s Turkey and Iran faced political upheaval as both states attempted to find their routes to modernity. This is the first study to observe the practice of modernization in Turkey and Iran not only from above, by examining the measures adopted by the political regimes of the late Ottomans, Atatürk and Reza Shah, but also from below, exploring how different social levels contributed to the drive for modernity. It is a full and thorough analysis of how these societies reacted to reform and change. The efforts of nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century reformers did not protect either country from the challenges of the separatism of minorities or from occupation by European powers. The setback that the Iranian Constitutional Movement suffered in the years before the outbreak of the First World War; the political disintegration and partial occupation of Persia during the war; the traumatic loss of the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan War and its subsequent defeat in World War I; the threat of imminent disintegration after the war - all of these represented enormous problems for the order of these two countries. The middle classes and the intelligentsia of each state felt they had no other option than to look for a man of order who would modernize their nations and societies and install centralized, powerful government capable of solving each country's growing problems of underdevelopment, while at the same time safeguarding each nation's unity and sovereignty. The practice of authoritarian modernization in post-World War I Turkey and Iran resulted from the perceived failure of earlier attempts to introduce modernization both from below as well as from above in these two neighbouring countries. The State and the Subaltern offers a fresh perspective on the accommodation and resistance to modernization and the relation between the common people and the state in two Islamic societies during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is a fascinating exploration of the history of subalterns - the rank and file of society - with specific reference to gender, ethnicity, industrial and non-industrial urban labour, rural labour, unemployment and the impact of immigrant labour."--Bloomsbury Publishing.
To Reform The World
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Author : Guy Fiti Sinclair
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
To Reform The World written by Guy Fiti Sinclair and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Law categories.
The book explores how international organizations (IOs) have expanded their powers over time without formally amending their founding treaties. IOs intervene in military, financial, economic, political, social, and cultural affairs, and increasingly take on roles not explicitly assigned to them by law. The proposed book will contend that this 'mission creep' has allowed IOs to intervene internationally, most often in the Global South, in a way that has allowed them to recast institutions within and interactions among states, societies, and peoples on a broadly Western, liberal model. Adopting a historical and interdisciplinary, socio-legal approach, it supports this claim through detailed investigations of historical episodes involving three very different organizations: the International Labour Organization in the interwar period; the United Nations in the two decades following the Second World War; and the World Bank from the 1950s through to the 1990s. The book draws on a wide range of original institutional and archival materials, bringing to light little-known aspects of each organization's activities, identifying continuities in the ideas and practices of international governance across the twentieth century, and speaking to a range of pressing theoretical questions in present-day international law and international relations --Front flap of the book.
Men Of Order
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Author : Touraj Atabaki
language : en
Publisher: I.B. Tauris
Release Date : 2017-01-30
Men Of Order written by Touraj Atabaki and has been published by I.B. Tauris this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-30 with History categories.
The authors trace the emergence of Ataturk and Reza Shah through the constitutional revolutions in Iran and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the introduction of European social models, the establishment of dictatorship and of secularist reforms. This produced in both Turkey and Iran highly authoritarian, nationalist, and quasi-westernised states, where the personality cult of the leader defined the politics of each country."
The Transformation Of Modernity
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Author : Michael Hviid Jacobsen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-10-05
The Transformation Of Modernity written by Michael Hviid Jacobsen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-05 with Social Science categories.
This title was first published in 2001: For over 30 years it has been argued that contemporary society is undergoing a fundamental transformation. The portrait of the modern society or modernity offered by philosophers and social scientists from Hobbes to Parsons is no longer understood as a description of the final and highest stage in the social evolution of mankind. Modern society is not the end of history but simply another more or less contingent social and cultural formation on planet earth. This new perspective on modernity and its transformation, which has emerged from the modernist-postmodernist debate, is the subject matter of this book. It is addressed in a multidisciplinary and international way, both theoretically and empirically, and is explored not only in general and historical terms, but also through specific topics such as sexuality, identity, democracy, globalization, knowledge and leadership. Offering an important collaborative contribution to contemporary discourse in sociology, social psychology, politics and philosophy, this book represents a unique effort to come to grips with our obscure and elusive social position at the start of the 21st century.
Deposit Insurance Reform And Financial Modernization
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Deposit Insurance Reform And Financial Modernization written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Banks and banking, International categories.
Organizing Modernity
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Author : Larry Ray
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2002-11
Organizing Modernity written by Larry Ray and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a re-evaluation of Weber's work on the current debates about the institutional and organizational dynamics of modernity, offering interpretations of his work which emphasize the reality of modernity as a dual process.
Customs Administration Reform And Modernization In Francophone Sub Saharan Africa 1995 2010
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Author : Mr.Gilles Montagnat-Rentier
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-10-31
Customs Administration Reform And Modernization In Francophone Sub Saharan Africa 1995 2010 written by Mr.Gilles Montagnat-Rentier and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper outlines reforms that have been achieved in the modernization of the customs administrations of francophone sub-Saharan (African) countries since the mid-1990s. It also highlights the remaining issues in this process. Progress has been made in the automation of operations and procedures, with constant and significant efforts to strengthen revenue collection and improve trade facilitation in a number of countries. However, the pace and scope of modernization remains insufficient, particularly in developing customs control and enforcement capacities, and enhancing operational resources and management. The findings suggest that the authorities’ strong commitment to reform, organizational and management changes, adequate technical assistance and project management, and effective implementation of modern customs standards, are critical to accelerate the modernization of customs in francophone sub-Saharan Africa.
Economics And Capitalism In The Ottoman Empire
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Author : Deniz T. Kilinçoğlu
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-06-19
Economics And Capitalism In The Ottoman Empire written by Deniz T. Kilinçoğlu and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Is it possible to generate "capitalist spirit" in a society, where cultural, economic and political conditions did not unfold into an industrial revolution, and consequently into an advanced industrial-capitalist formation? This is exactly what some prominent public intellectuals in the late Ottoman Empire tried to achieve as a developmental strategy; long before Max Weber defined the notion of capitalist spirit as the main motive behind the development of capitalism. This book demonstrates how and why Ottoman reformists adapted (English and French) economic theory to the Ottoman institutional setting and popularized it to cultivate bourgeois values in the public sphere as a developmental strategy. It also reveals the imminent results of these efforts by presenting examples of how bourgeois values permeated into all spheres of socio-cultural life, from family life to literature, in the late Ottoman Empire. The text examines how the interplay between Western European economic theories and the traditional Muslim economic cultural setting paved the way for a new synthesis of a Muslim-capitalist value system; shedding light on the emergence of capitalism—as a cultural and an economic system—and the social transformation it created in a non-Western, and more specifically, in the Muslim Middle Eastern institutional setting. This book will be of great interest to scholars of modern Middle Eastern history, economic history, and the history of economic thought.
Khatami S Iran
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Author : Ghoncheh Tazmini
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2009-04-30
Khatami S Iran written by Ghoncheh Tazmini and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-30 with Political Science categories.
To understand contemporary Iran's notoriously complex politics, it is essential first to grasp the monumental changes initiated by Mohammad Khatami. This previously little-known cleric stormed to victory in Iran's 1997 presidential elections with nearly 70% of the vote, encouraging Iran's reform movement to flourish during his eight-year tenure as president. Ghoncheh Tazmini's book offers a thought-provoking, astutely close-up yet systematic analysis of Khatami the man and the reform movement that supported him. She provides us with the first insight into Khatami and his politics, unravelling from the inside the dramatic emergence and consequences of Iran's vibrant reform movement. Khatami's reforms ushered in an era of transformation and set the country on the path to greater religious tolerance, increased socio-political liberties, integration into the world economy and rapprochement with the international community. Tazmini's account of Iran's charismatic and ambitious President-Reformer is authoritative and provocative, portraying Khatami as a leader who displayed a combination of exceptional resilience and periods of cautious hesitancy in the face of dilemmas and vulnerabilities associated with his decision to become the first Iranian figure to implement change in the Islamic Republic of Iran. She describes how despite the institutional constraints associated with Iran's power structure and powerful conservative opposition, the reform movement managed to successfully set in motion a pluralistic momentum in Iran. Balanced and analytical, this book provides a comprehensive and finely detailed introduction to the subtleties of contemporary Iran's complex political culture. At the same time it is an important reference point for a critical period of Iran's post-revolutionary trajectory, especially given the controversial post-Khatami developments in the country following the election of President Ahmadinejad.