Molecular Cloning Of Hormone Genes

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Molecular Cloning Of Hormone Genes

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Author : Joel F. Habener
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Molecular Cloning Of Hormone Genes written by Joel F. Habener and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The peptide hormones are small proteins that regulate cellular metabolism through their specific interactions with tissues of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems, as well as in embry onic development. During the past ten years, refinements in the techniques of recombinant DNA technology have resulted in the cloning of genes encoding approximately 50 different hormonal and regulatory peptides, including those in which the peptides themselves and the mRNAs encoding the peptides are present in only trace amounts in the tissues of origin. In addition to provid ing the coding sequences of recognized hormonal and regulatory peptides, gene sequencing has uncovered new bioactive peptides encoded in the precursor pro hormones that are then liberated along with the hormonal peptides during cellular cleavages of the precursors. The encoding of multiple peptides in a single mono cistronic mRNA appears to be a genetic mechanism for the gener ation of biologic diversification without requiring amplification of gene sequences. Two of the objectives in the assembly of this book are to pre sent, in one volume, the known primary structures of the genes encoding several of the polypeptide hormones and related regulatory peptides, and to provide an account of the various ap proaches that have been used to identify and select the cloned genes encoding these polypeptides. The contents of the two in troductory chapters are intended to provide the reader with a brief background of the approaches to gene cloning and the struc ture and expression of hormone-encoding genes.

Molecular Cloning Of Atlantic Salmon Pituitary Hormone Genes

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Author : Samuel A. M. Martin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Molecular Cloning Of Atlantic Salmon Pituitary Hormone Genes written by Samuel A. M. Martin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.

Molecular Cloning Of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Pituitary Hormone Genes

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Author : Samuel Allen Moore Martin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Molecular Cloning Of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Pituitary Hormone Genes written by Samuel Allen Moore Martin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.

Steriod Regulation Of Growth Hormone Gene Expression And Molecular Cloning Of Estrogen Receptors In Chinese Grass Carp

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Author : Kit-Wa Anthea To
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26

Steriod Regulation Of Growth Hormone Gene Expression And Molecular Cloning Of Estrogen Receptors In Chinese Grass Carp written by Kit-Wa Anthea To and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.

This dissertation, "Steriod Regulation of Growth Hormone Gene Expression and Molecular Cloning of Estrogen Receptors in Chinese Grass Carp" by Kit-wa, Anthea, To, 杜潔華, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled STEROID REGULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE EXPRESSION AND MOLECULAR CLONING OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN CHINESE GRASS CARP Submitted by TO KIT WA ANTHEA for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2002 Hormones from the steroid/ thyroid superfamily are key regulators for body growth and metabolism in animals. Part of this mechanism is mediated via steroid/ thyroid hormone modulation of growth hormone (GH) synthesis at the pituitary level. In this study, using a static incubation approach, a systematic survey was conducted in vitro to examine the effects of sex steroids, adrenocorticoids, and thyroid hormone on GH mRNA expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) pituitary cells. Sex steroids, including estradiol, testosterone, and the estrogen agonist diethylstilbestrol, increased GH mRNA levels in grass carp pituitary cells. These stimulatory actions reached their peaks at submicromolar concentrations. In a similar dose range, progesterone did not affect basal GH mRNA expression and a slight inhibition was observed when the doses were increased to micromolar levels. Glucocorticoids, including hydrocortisone, corticosterone, and the synthetic analog dexamethasone, suppressed GH mRNA levels when tested at high micromolar doses. Unlike glucocorticoids, a slight elevation in GH mRNA levels was noted when pituitary cells were exposed to submicromolar doses of aldosterone. In parallel studies, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone did not alter basal GH mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. Data provides evidence that steroid hormones can differentially regulate GH gene expression in grass carp by acting directly at the pituitary cell level. Among the hormones tested, estradiol was a potent stimulant for GH mRNA expression. Molecular cloning of grass carp estrogen receptors (ER) was also performed. Using 5' and 3' RACE, three isoforms of grass carp ERs, namely ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L, were cloned. They were highly homologous to the ERα and ERβ reported in other fish species. The full-length cDNAs of grass carp ERα (1692 bp), ERβ-S (2091 bp) and ERβ-L (2707 bp) carried the open reading frames of ERs composing of 564, 605, and 697 amino acids, respectively. RT-PCR also revealed that transcripts for ERα and ERβs could be identified in a variety of tissues in the carp, including the brain, pituitary, muscle, gonad, gill, heart, spleen, liver, and intestine. To characterize the pharmacological properties of the cloned ERs, functional expression of grass carp ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L was conducted in CHO-K1 cells. In the presence of estradiol, the ERs expressed were effective in activating a luciferase reporter gene with estrogen-responsive promoter elements. These stimulatory actions were specific for estradiol and could not be mimicked by parallel treatments with testosterone, progesterone, hydrocortisone, or thyroid hormone. Furthermore, estradiol-stimulated luciferase expression in CHO-K1 cells with expressed ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L could be partially inhibited or abolished by a simultaneous treatment with the estrogen antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI182780. These results strongly indicate that the newly cloned ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L are functional receptors for estrogen in grass carp. The cloning studi

Gene Regulation By Steroid Hormones Iii

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Author : Arun K. Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Gene Regulation By Steroid Hormones Iii written by Arun K. Roy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

The field of steroid hormone action has continued to expand into the realm of molecular biology at a pace even faster than most of us ever imagined. techniques of molecular biology have made it possible to clone The hormone-regulated genes and to examine steroid-receptor interactions with these genes. Nucleotide sequences of these genes, which show preferential binding of steroid receptors, have been identified. These results are complemented by the identification of chromatin acceptor proteins, which also show preferential binding for steroid-receptor complexes. Thus, one can envision the day when cloned genes, purified acceptor proteins, and receptor-steroid complexes will be recombined in vitro to form a functional unit. Cellular localization of steroid receptors has undergone recent revision, and it now appears that receptors are localized primarily in the nuclear compartment. These findings, although controversial, will lead to a reassessment of many of the previous concepts of steroid-receptor interactions and regulation. The way in which these observations at the of physiology, molecular and cellular levels fit into the overall scheme development, and evolution are continuing to progress, and the future promises some very exciting syntheses of understanding at all levels of biological organization. The third Meadow Brook Conference on hormones was held in order to bring together investigators who will undoubtedly contribute heavily to this future synthesis and to permit a free exchange of ideas and concepts as they relate to the current state-of-the-art in molecular endocrinology. Spring 1986 ARUN K. Roy JAMES H. CLARK Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Abcs Of Gene Cloning

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Author : Dominic Wong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-31

The Abcs Of Gene Cloning written by Dominic Wong and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-31 with Science categories.

Clear and concise, this easy-to-use text offers an introductory course on the language of gene cloning, covering microbial, plant, and animal systems. The essential concepts in biology relevant to the understanding of gene cloning are presented in a well-organized and accessible manner. This updated version of the first edition is an invaluable book for nonscientists as well as scientists with little background knowledge in gene cloning, providing a wealth of information for anyone wishing to gain proficiency in reading and speaking the language of gene cloning.

Molecular Cloning Of Ap 1 Transcription Factors In Chinese Grass Carp And Their Functional Roles In Pacap Stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression

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Author : Yonghua Jiang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-27

Molecular Cloning Of Ap 1 Transcription Factors In Chinese Grass Carp And Their Functional Roles In Pacap Stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression written by Yonghua Jiang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.

This dissertation, "Molecular Cloning of AP-1 Transcription Factors in Chinese Grass Carp and Their Functional Roles in PACAP-stimulated Growth Hormone Gene Expression" by Yonghua, Jiang, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3124541 Subjects: Transcription factors Genetic transcription - Regulation Ctenopharyngodon idella - China - Genetics

Molecular Cloning And Functional Studies Of Cyprinid Calmodulin

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Author : Longfei Huo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-27

Molecular Cloning And Functional Studies Of Cyprinid Calmodulin written by Longfei Huo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.

This dissertation, "Molecular Cloning and Functional Studies of Cyprinid Calmodulin" by Longfei, Huo, 霍龍飛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF CYPRINID CALMODULIN Submitted by Huo Longfei for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in May 2004 2+ Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca -binding protein essential for eukaryotic cells. In mammals, modulation of CaM gene expression in regulating the functionality of the brain-pituitary-axis has not been characterized. In lower vertebrates, functional studies on CaM gene expression in the pituitary still await investigation. By using the members of the Cyprinid family as animal models, the role of CaM gene expression in the pituitary in mediating the signal input from the hypothalamus and the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene was examined. Firstly, CaM cDNAs were isolated from the pituitaries of goldfish and grass carp. The ORF of these cDNAs encodes the same CaM protein as that of mammals. These cDNAs can be grouped with the β-subtype of fish CaM cDNAs and are structurally related to the mammalian CaM-I gene subfamily. In both goldfish and grass carp, CaM mRNA is ubiquitously expressed. In goldfish pituitary cells, activation of cAMP- or PKC-dependent pathways increased CaM mRNA levels, whereas the opposite was true 2+ for the induction of Ca entry. Basal levels of CaM mRNA were accentuated by GnRH and PACAP but were suppressed by dopaminergic stimulation through pituitary D2 receptors. These results demonstrate for the first time that pituitary CaM gene expression can be regulated by functional interactions among hypothalamic factors. To study the role of CaM in pituitary hormone gene expression, the possible involvement of CaM expression in IGF feedback on GH gene transcription was tested in carp pituitary cells. In this case, IGF-I/-II increased the amount of CaM mRNA with a concurrent drop in the GH mRNA levels. The stimulatory effect was not mimicked by insulin. CaM antagonism also increased GH mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells whereas CaM over-expression could reduce GH promoter activity. These results, as a whole, imply that the attenuation of GH gene expression by IGF is mediated by CaM gene expression in grass carp pituitary cells. To further examine the mechanisms of regulating CaM gene expression in fish, the full-length CaM gene was cloned in grass carp by intron trapping and genome- walking. This CaM gene is 12-Kb in size and has the same structural organization as that of human CaM genes. The 5'-promoter of this carp CaM gene is AT rich rather than GC rich and contains a TATA box, indicating that the gene is not a typical "house- keeping" gene. 5'-Deletion analysis has revealed that a strong silencer element is located within the region from -1509bp to -1369bp in the CaM promoter. In addition, the 5'-UTR has strong influence on the carp CaM promoter activity. By the use of a reporter gene approach, the grass carp CaM promoter could be activated in α-T3-1 cells by IGFs, insulin, and PKC activators, but was suppressed by PACAP, forskolin, cAMP analog, CaM antagonist, and CaMK-II inhibitor. Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3, but not Pit-1, were also effective in suppressing the CaM promoter activity. These results indicate that CaM gene transcription in the fish model is regulated by hormones, probably through various signaling pathways and transcription factors. DOI:

Gene Cloning

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Author : Patrick Faraday
language : en
Publisher: Syrawood Publishing House
Release Date : 2018-02-02

Gene Cloning written by Patrick Faraday and has been published by Syrawood Publishing House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-02 with Science categories.

Gene cloning is the method by which a gene is copied and encoded for modification. It is very important in processes related to cellular biology such as gene sequencing, mutagenesis, protein expression and genotyping. Gene cloning has various industrial applications such as in the creation of genetically modified crops, gene therapy, tissue engineering, hormone creation in the field of medicine, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to gene cloning. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. The book will prove to be of great help to students and researchers in the fields of molecular biology, genetics and engineering.

Molecular Cloning And Characterisation Of The Barramundi Growth Hormone Gene

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Author : David Langdon Yowe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994

Molecular Cloning And Characterisation Of The Barramundi Growth Hormone Gene written by David Langdon Yowe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Australian lungfish categories.