Monsanto And Intellectual Property In South America
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Monsanto And Intellectual Property In South America
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Author : F. Filomeno
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-02-12
Monsanto And Intellectual Property In South America written by F. Filomeno and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-12 with Political Science categories.
Intellectual property is one of the most valuable forms of property in the modern world. From the perspective of companies producing knowledge-intensive goods, it encourages technological innovations for the benefit of humanity. For consumers of technology, it can be seen as a restriction on access to knowledge that inflates corporate rents. When genetic material crucial for human life is isolated from the commons, engineered and turned into private intellectual property, dissent is likely to emerge. Felipe Filomeno uses the case of Monsanto in South American soybean agriculture to theorize about the emergence and change of intellectual property regimes. Based on official documents, interviews, journalistic material, and academic literature, the study shows not only the relations of competition, coercion, and alliances that lie behind the post-1980 global upward ratchet of intellectual property protection but also the strategies that have the potential to reverse it.
Contesting Monsanto S Patents On Life
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Author : Marcelo Dias Varella
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Contesting Monsanto S Patents On Life written by Marcelo Dias Varella and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
This is probably one of the most important cases in Intellectual Property Rights today, evolving around US$ 3 billion in damages. It is related to Monsanto patents on soybeans in Brazil and Argentina and its exports to European Union. Article 27, 3 (B) of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) allows states to exclude plants and animals as patentable objects. Both Brazil and Argentina prohibit patents on plants, yet for years Monsanto employed tactics for collecting royalties from producers of “Roundup Ready” (RR) soybean crops in the two countries. The company's collection scheme exploited the assumption that royalties would be owed in the importing countries, where such patents are allowed. In 2009 this issue was indirectly addressed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ), which denied patent holders exclusive rights to products such as soy meal derived from a patented crop if they contain no significant traces of a patented gene. Although the court's decision did not explicitly address the collection of royalties in the exporting countries, it nevertheless impacted agriculture in Brazil and Argentina, the largest soybean-exporting economies in the world. This paper discusses that impact, a clear case of an international “dialogue of judges,” and two related questions: Can patents in Europe affect the legal system in a South American country of export? And does the patent on RR soybeans also apply to products derived from or containing soybeans? The paper also shows how the ECJ's decision directly influenced the Brazilian and Argentinian legal systems and, in doing so, changed the balance of power between national and international actors.
Genetically Engineered Soybeans
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Genetically Engineered Soybeans written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
U.S. soybean growers and trade officials charge that Argentina and BrazilÃńthe United StatesÕ two major export competitors in international soybean marketsÃńgain an unfair trade advantage by routinely saving genetically-engineered (GE), Roundup Ready (RR) soybean seeds from the previous harvest (a practice prohibited in the United States) for planting in subsequent years. These groups also argue that South American farmers pay no royalty fees on the saved seed, unlike U.S. farmers who are subject to a technology fee when they purchase new seeds each year. The cost saving to South American soybean growers on the technology fee alone nets out to about $8 to $9 per metric tonÃᑊ considerable cost advantage over U.S. soybeans in the highly competitive international soybean market. This practice also raises concerns about the intellectual property rights (IPR) of Monsanto (the developer of RR technology). Commercial use of RR soybeans in Brazil remains illegal despite apparent widespread planting. A 1998 government approval of their commercial use remains suspended by court injunction, and resolution over their commercial legality is being considered by an appellate court. However, two recent Presidential decrees have given temporary reprieve to the ban on planting and marketing GE soybeans through December 2004. The eventual outcome on commercial legalization of GE crops in Brazil may have important consequences for intellectual property rights, as well as for international trade in GE crops. This report will be updated as needed.
Seed Money Monsanto S Past And Our Food Future
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Author : Bartow J. Elmore
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2021-10-12
Seed Money Monsanto S Past And Our Food Future written by Bartow J. Elmore and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-12 with Business & Economics categories.
An authoritative and eye-opening history that examines how Monsanto came to have outsized influence over our food system. Monsanto, a St. Louis chemical firm that became the world’s largest maker of genetically engineered seeds, merged with German pharma-biotech giant Bayer in 2018—but its Roundup Ready® seeds, introduced twenty-five years ago, are still reshaping the farms that feed us. When researchers found trace amounts of the firm’s blockbuster herbicide in breakfast cereal bowls, Monsanto faced public outcry. Award-winning historian Bartow J. Elmore shows how the Roundup story is just one of the troubling threads of Monsanto’s past, many told here and woven together for the first time. A company employee sitting on potentially explosive information who weighs risking everything to tell his story. A town whose residents are urged to avoid their basements because Monsanto’s radioactive waste laces their homes’ foundations. Factory workers who peel off layers of their skin before accepting cash bonuses to continue dirty jobs. An executive wrestling with the ethics of selling a profitable product he knew was toxic. Incorporating global fieldwork, interviews with company employees, and untapped corporate and government records, Elmore traces Monsanto’s astounding evolution from a scrappy chemical startup to a global agribusiness powerhouse. Monsanto used seed money derived from toxic products—including PCBs and Agent Orange—to build an agricultural empire, promising endless bounty through its genetically engineered technology. Skyrocketing sales of Monsanto’s new Roundup Ready system stunned even those in the seed trade, who marveled at the influx of cash and lavish incentives into their sleepy sector. But as new data emerges about the Roundup system, and as Bayer faces a tide of lawsuits over Monsanto products past and present, Elmore’s urgent history shows how our food future is still very much tethered to the company’s chemical past.
Monsanto And Intellectual Property
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Author : Michael E. Gorman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Monsanto And Intellectual Property written by Michael E. Gorman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Crops categories.
One of a series of cases on Monsanto developed for teaching a first-year ethics course and engineering ethics courses. The cases present technological, design, marketing challenges and ethical issues in intellectual property, product safety and global strategies for marketing and sustainable agriculture. This paper discuses the genetically modified cotton plants marketed under the name Bollgard.
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms
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Author : Charles Lawson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-09
Intellectual Property And Genetically Modified Organisms written by Charles Lawson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-09 with Law categories.
Taking a global viewpoint, this volume addresses issues arising from recent developments in the enduring and topical debates over Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and their relationship to Intellectual Property (IP). The work examines changing responses to the growing acceptance and prevalence of GMOs. Drawing together perspectives from several of the leading international scholars in this area, the contributions seek to break away from analysis of safety and regulation and examine the diversity of ways the law and GMOs have become entangled. This collection presents the start of a much broader engagement with GMOs and law. As GMO technology becomes increasingly more complex and embedded in our lives, this volume will be a useful resource in leading further discussion and debate about GMOs in academia, in government and among those working on future policy.
Intellectual Property Rights And Global Capitalism The Political Economy Of The Trips Agreement
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Author : Donald G. Richards
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-24
Intellectual Property Rights And Global Capitalism The Political Economy Of The Trips Agreement written by Donald G. Richards and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an examination of the origins and impact of the agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) negotiated during the Uruguay Round of GATT talks. The principal theme is that the TRIPS agreement is not in the best interests of the poorer countries, and that its imposition on them by the richer countries has more to do with the exercise of political and economic power than with the positive economic benefits the agreement's supporters claim it can deliver. To support this assertion the book critically examines the economic evidence regarding the impact of intellectual property rights on such important variables as export performance, foreign investment, and economic growth. The author provides a political economic analysis of why the poorer countries acceded to the TRIPS agreement, illustrated with case studies of two important industries where the struggle over intellectual property is especially strong: pharmaceutical and agricultural biotechnology sectors. Designed for use in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in international political economy and international relations theory, the book offer a radical view of the process of globalization.
Routledge Handbook Of Gender In South Asia
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Author : Leela Fernandes
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-24
Routledge Handbook Of Gender In South Asia written by Leela Fernandes and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-24 with Social Science categories.
Providing a comprehensive overview of the study of gender in South Asia, this Handbook covers the central contributions that have defined this area and captures innovative and emerging paradigms that are shaping the future of the field. It offers a wide range of disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives spanning both the humanities and social sciences, focussing on India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The Handbook brings together key experts in the field of South Asia and gender, women and sexuality. Chapters are organised thematically in five major sections: Historical formations of gender and the significance of colonialism and nationalism Law, Citizenship and the Nation Representations of Culture, Place, Identity Labour and the Economy Inequality, Activism and the State This timely survey is essential reading for scholars who research and teach on South Asia as well as for scholars in related interdisciplinary fields that focus on women and gender from comparative and transnational perspectives.
Information Services Latin America
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000-05
Information Services Latin America written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05 with Caribbean Area categories.
Intellectual Property
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Author : William T. Gallagher
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-19
Intellectual Property written by William T. Gallagher and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-19 with Law categories.
This book brings together articles by leading international scholars from diverse disciplinary perspectives who focus on the legal, social and cultural dimensions of intellectual properties - including patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and rights of publicity. These articles employ a creatively eclectic approach to the study of intellectual property law and policy viewed through the lenses of traditional doctrinal analysis, historical perspectives, critical cultural study, and empirical examinations of intellectual property in action. The volume also directs critical attention to the significance of intellectual property in contemporary processes of globalization and political economy.