Morality Normativity And Society
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Morality Normativity And Society
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Author : David Copp
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2001
Morality Normativity And Society written by David Copp and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Philosophy categories.
Offering new perspectives on reason and rational choice, Copp's approach to morality and normativity raises a number of important issues in moral theory, as well as in metaphysics and the philosophy of language.
Morality In A Natural World
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Author : David Copp
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-07-16
Morality In A Natural World written by David Copp and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-16 with Philosophy categories.
The central philosophical challenge of metaethics is to account for the normativity of moral judgment without abandoning or seriously compromising moral realism. In Morality in a Natural World, David Copp defends a version of naturalistic moral realism that can accommodate the normativity of morality. Moral naturalism is often thought to face special metaphysical, epistemological, and semantic problems as well as the difficulty in accounting for normativity. In the ten essays included in this volume, Copp defends solutions to these problems. Three of the essays are new, while seven have previously been published. All of them are concerned with the viability of naturalistic and realistic accounts of the nature of morality, or, more generally, with the viability of naturalistic accounts of reasons.
The Oxford Handbook Of Ethical Theory
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Author : David Copp
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-12-22
The Oxford Handbook Of Ethical Theory written by David Copp and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-22 with Philosophy categories.
The Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory is a major new reference work in ethical theory consisting of commissioned essays by leading moral philosophers. Ethical theories have always been of central importance to philosophy, and remain so; ethical theory is one of the most active areas of philosophical research and teaching today. Courses in ethics are taught in colleges and universities at all levels, and ethical theory is the organizing principle for all of them. The Handbook is divided into two parts, mirroring the field. The first part treats meta-ethical theory, which deals with theoretical questions about morality and moral judgment, including questions about moral language, the epistemology of moral belief, the truth aptness of moral claims, and so forth. The second part addresses normative theory, which deals with general moral issues, including the plausibility of various ethical theories and abstract principles of behavior. Examples of such theories are consequentialism and virtue theory. As with other Oxford Handbooks, the twenty-five contributors cover the field in a comprehensive and highly accessible way, while achieving three goals: exposition of central ideas, criticism of other approaches, and putting forth a distinct viewpoint.
Morality In A Natural World
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Author : David Copp
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-07-16
Morality In A Natural World written by David Copp and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-16 with Philosophy categories.
The central philosophical challenge of metaethics is to account for the normativity of moral judgment without abandoning or seriously compromising moral realism. In Morality in a Natural World, David Copp defends a version of naturalistic moral realism that can accommodate the normativity of morality. Moral naturalism is often thought to face special metaphysical, epistemological, and semantic problems as well as the difficulty in accounting for normativity. In the ten essays included in this volume, Copp defends solutions to these problems. Three of the essays are new, while seven have previously been published. All of them are concerned with the viability of naturalistic and realistic accounts of the nature of morality, or, more generally, with the viability of naturalistic accounts of reasons.
Truth And Normativity
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Author : Iain Brassington
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Truth And Normativity written by Iain Brassington and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Philosophy categories.
Beginning by posing the question of what it is that marks the difference between something like terrorism and something like civil society, Brassington argues that commonsense moral arguments against terrorism or political violence tend to imply that the modern democratic polis might also be morally unjustifiable. At the same time, the commonsense arguments in favour of something like a modern democratic polis could be co-opted by the politically violent as exculpatory. In exploring this prima facie problem and in the course of trying to substantiate the commonsense distinction, Brassington identifies a tension between the primary values of truth and normativity in the standard accounts of moral theory which he ultimately resolves by adopting lines of thought suggested by Martin Heidegger and concluding that the problem with mainstream moral philosophy is that, in a sense, it tries too hard.
Grounded Ethics
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Author : Max Hocutt
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-01-16
Grounded Ethics written by Max Hocutt and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-16 with Philosophy categories.
Scientific naturalism--basing beliefs on empirical evidence--has now triumphed in every field of inquiry except moral philosophy. There it is still thought appropriate to cite otherworldly standards known by divine revelation or moral intuition. In Grounded Ethics Max Hocutt argues that, since there is no transcendent reality on which to base the claims of ethics, normative truth must be sought in the desires of individuals and the conventions of societies. Hocutt begins with an empiricist analysis of normative judgments. Following B.F. Skinner, he asserts that we call good what reinforces our desires, and that we call right or just what we desire to reinforce. Consequently, desire is the immediate measure of both goodness and justice. Acknowledging that goodness is relative to individual preferences, and justice is relative to social norms, Hocutt denies that goodness is a matter of personal opinion and that every society's institutions are as good as every other's. Instead, he says, the conduct of individuals and the customs of societies must ultimately be evaluated by how well they serve biologically based needs. These must be discovered empirically, because they cannot be known a priori. In support of this analysis, Hocutt challenges rationalist belief, that normative concepts cannot be defined in empirical terms because they are rooted in divine law or ideals of pure reason. Against this view, Hocutt argues that if the moral law exists only as an ideal, it is not binding in the same sense as the empirically known laws and moralities of actual societies. He also points out that rationalist intuitions are best understood as expressions of animal instinct, socially conditioned prejudice, and personal preference. In addition, he offers extensive critiques of major philosophers, both ancient and modern, who hold contrary views. All of this is meant to show that there is no escaping the empirical: A sensible ethics must be built on observable facts; it cannot be pulled from a vague but pious rationalist sky. Hocutt's demonstration of this thesis will interest philosophers, behavioral biologists, sociologists and ethicists.
Psychology As A Moral Science
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Author : Svend Brinkmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-27
Psychology As A Moral Science written by Svend Brinkmann and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-27 with Psychology categories.
What does morality have to do with psychology in a value-neutral, postmodern world? According to a provocative new book, everything. Taking exception with current ideas in the mainstream (including cultural, evolutionary, and neuropsychology) as straying from the discipline’s ethical foundations, Psychology as a Moral Science argues that psychological phenomena are inherently moral, and that psychology, as prescriptive and interventive practice, reflects specific moral principles. The book cites normative moral standards, as far back as Aristotle, that give human thoughts, feelings, and actions meaning, and posits psychology as one of the critical methods of organizing normative values in society; at the same time it carefully notes the discipline’s history of being sidetracked by overemphasis on theoretical constructs and physical causes—what the author terms “the psychologizing of morality.” This synthesis of ideas brings an essential unity to what can sometimes appear as a fragmented area of inquiry at odds with itself. The book’s “interpretive-pragmatic approach”: • Revisits core psychological concepts as supporting normative value systems. • Traces how psychology has shaped society’s view of morality. • Confronts the “naturalistic fallacy” in contemporary psychology. • Explains why moral science need not be separated from social science. • Addresses challenges and critiques to the author’s work from both formalist and relativist theories of morality. With its bold call to reason, Psychology as a Moral Science contains enough controversial ideas to spark great interest among researchers and scholars in psychology and the philosophy of science.
Moralbegr Ndung Vom Standpunkt Der Gesellschaft
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Author : Markus Wenner
language : de
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2005-06-29
Moralbegr Ndung Vom Standpunkt Der Gesellschaft written by Markus Wenner and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-06-29 with Social Science categories.
Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Das Interesse an und die Auseinandersetzung mit Fragen der Ethik haben zweifellos zugenommen. Diese Einschätzung äußert sich nicht zuletzt am Bedarf an anwendungsbezogenen ethischen Konzepten (sogenannten Bereichsethiken). Viele Autoren sprechen daher von einer „Renaissance der Ethik“ oder einem „Ethik-Boom“. Von dieser „praktischen Wende in der philosophischen Ethik“ zeugen eine kaum noch erfassbare Zahl an politikberatenden Fachgremien, Symposien, öffentlichen Debatten und eine mittlerweile schwer überschaubare Fach- und populärwissenschaftliche Literatur. Dieses große Interesse an ethischen Fragen wurde nicht zuletzt geweckt durch den Wunsch nach anwendungsbezogenen ‚Rezepturen’, mit denen sich neuartige Konfliktsituationen mit moralischer Dimension bzw. Normenkonflikte, wie sie für neuartige Technologien mit großer Tragweite für die gesamte Gesellschaft, aber unsicherer Prognose über die Risikoeinschätzung der jeweiligen Entscheidungskonsequenzen, symptomatisch sind, evaluieren oder gar auflösen lassen. Hohe Erwartungen werden seitens einer verunsicherten Bevölkerung an politikberatende Gremien und an die Philosophie herangetragen, die die Dimension von Normenkonflikten solide einschätzen und adäquate Handlungsempfehlungen machen sollen. Ethik wird in diesem Kontext nicht mehr als unzeitgemäße Verhaltensbeschränkung empfunden, sondern als gesellschaftliches Instrument zur Orientierung und Aufklärung, als „Ordnungsmacht“. Die Ergebnisse bleiben zumeist aber unbefriedigend und verblassen ohne theoretischen Hintergrund zur bloßen Feiertagsrhetorik. Vor allem in politischen Entscheidungsprozessen, ist die Erwartung an solide Begründungen der Entscheidungen enorm hoch. Daher muss Angewandte Ethik zwangsläufig „an den fundamental- und metaethischen Grundlagendiskurs zurückgebunden“ bleiben, um nicht nur als Etikett für einen oberflächlichen Konsens herhalten zu müssen. Andererseits aber, so Singer, tauge eine ethische Theorie nichts, die praktisch nicht anwendbar ist. Gerade dieser Spagat zwischen fundierter ethischer Theorie und praktischer Anwendung beschäftigt zwangsläufig nicht nur Philosophen, sondern auch Sozialwissenschaftler. Dabei gehen viele Autoren von einer abgegrenzten Arbeitsteilung aus, wobei den Philosophen die theoretische Reflexion und den Sozialwissenschaften die empirische Forschung zugewiesen wird. Empirische Beiträge können jedoch zwangsläufig nur deskriptiv sein. Für eine Sozialwissenschaft und [...]
Moral Change
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Author : Cecilie Eriksen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-14
Moral Change written by Cecilie Eriksen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-14 with Philosophy categories.
How does moral change happen? What leads to the overthrow or gradual transformation of moral beliefs, ideals, and values? Change is one of the most striking features of morality, yet it is poorly understood. In this book, Cecilie Eriksen provides an illuminating map of the dynamics, structure, and normativity of moral change. Through eight narratives inspired by the legal domain and in dialogue with modern moral philosophy, Eriksen discusses moral bias, conflict, progress, and revolutions. She develops a context-sensitive understanding of ethics and shows how we can harvest a knowledge of the past that will enable us to build a better future.
Normative Ethics And Objective Reason
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Author : George F. McLean
language : en
Publisher: CRVP
Release Date : 1996
Normative Ethics And Objective Reason written by George F. McLean and has been published by CRVP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Philosophy categories.