Mortality Morbidity Socioeconomic Status And Resource Allocation
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Mortality Morbidity Socioeconomic Status And Resource Allocation
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Author : Stephen Hancock
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Mortality Morbidity Socioeconomic Status And Resource Allocation written by Stephen Hancock and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Hospitals categories.
Social Epidemiology
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Author : Lisa F. Berkman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-03-09
Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-03-09 with Medical categories.
This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Communities In Action
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-04-27
Communities In Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-27 with Medical categories.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Demography Of Aging
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1994-02-01
Demography Of Aging written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-02-01 with Social Science categories.
As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.
Oxford Textbook Of Global Public Health
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Author : Roger Detels
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Oxford Textbook Of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Medical categories.
Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline
Spatial Temporal Variation I
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Author : Ka-Man Carmen Lee
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Spatial Temporal Variation I written by Ka-Man Carmen Lee and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with Social Science categories.
This dissertation, "Spatial and Temporal Variation in Socio-economic and Environmental Factors Relevant to Mortality and Morbidity in Hong Kong" by Ka-man, Carmen, Lee, 李嘉文, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Worldwide studies demonstrate that living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas, commonly indicated by income level, is associated with poorer health. Although researchers in Hong Kong have examined the impact of income inequality on mortality at area level, an income inequality indicator is not appropriate for use in this context, because the territory is partitioned into small, heterogeneous areas regarding income. A better understanding of the relationship between mortality and income is required. The first study examined temporal variations (1981-1985 and 2006-2010) in mortality by median monthly household income at the Small Tertiary Planning Unit level. It showed that residents of wealthy areas had lower mortality than those in poor areas in terms of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), excess death and total years of life lost, but not life expectancy. Improvements in social policy formulation, universal education and public health care may improve life expectancy. The results suggested a need for a broader investigation of neighbourhood health. Accordingly, in the second study, the first multiple deprivation index for use in Hong Kong was developed by Factor Analysis in order to be able to measure and monitor health inequalities. The impact of deprivation on mortality was examined by using Bayesian hierarchical approach. The generated multiple deprivation index had 7 domains and 22 socio-economic and environmental indicators with appropriate weighting. The most important domain was barriers to services, while income-related domains accounted for more than 50% of the weighting. The spatial pattern of mortality was random. Deprivation did not have a significant impact on neighbourhood SMRs, but people living in areas characterised by lower education levels and more people working in elementary occupations were more likely to die prematurely. The unexpectedly weak relationship between deprivation and mortality prompted an investigation into whether deprivation influences other health outcomes. Thus, the third study examined the impact of deprivation on neighbourhood public hospitalisation. Areas with higher neighbourhood standardised hospitalisation ratios were located in the central city and urban areas. Children aged under five living in more deprived areas and those with pneumonia as a principal diagnosis were more likely to be hospitalised. Deprivation in terms of the housing and income factors was positively associated with hospitalisation, while the factors of barriers to services, demographic and living environment were negatively associated. The strong relationship between deprivation and hospitalisation suggested that resource allocation and the efficiency of the public hospital system is also an important issue. Hence, the last study investigated the change of the number of total hospitalisation days per person in 2000-2010 using a decomposition method. The mean duration of stay contributed most to the reduction in total hospitalisation days. The side effects of the Hong Kong health care service, such as increasing public hospitalisation rates and days, gradually emerged from the data. The findings reported in this PhD thesis will draw policymakers' attention to spatial heterogeneity of health outcome, the need to evaluate the hospitalisation system, develop community-based and unive
The Growing Gap In Life Expectancy By Income
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-09-17
The Growing Gap In Life Expectancy By Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-17 with Social Science categories.
The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.
Critical Perspectives On Racial And Ethnic Differences In Health In Late Life
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-10-16
Critical Perspectives On Racial And Ethnic Differences In Health In Late Life written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-10-16 with Social Science categories.
In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
The Future Of The Public S Health In The 21st Century
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2003-02-01
The Future Of The Public S Health In The 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-02-01 with Medical categories.
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Guidance For The National Healthcare Disparities Report
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2002-10-25
Guidance For The National Healthcare Disparities Report written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-10-25 with Medical categories.
The Agency for Healthcare Research Quality commissioned the Institute of Medicine establish a committee to provide guidance on the National Healthcare Disparities Report is of access to health care, utilization of services, and the services received. The committee was asked to con population characteristics as race and ethnicity, society status, and geographic location. It was also asked to examine factors that included possible data sources and types of measures for the report.