Nanofiber Filter Technologies For Filtration Of Submicron Aerosols And Nanoaerosols
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Nanofiber Filter Technologies For Filtration Of Submicron Aerosols And Nanoaerosols
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Author : Wallace Woon-Fong Leung
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-10-30
Nanofiber Filter Technologies For Filtration Of Submicron Aerosols And Nanoaerosols written by Wallace Woon-Fong Leung and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Nanofiber Filter Technologies for Filtration of Submicron Aerosols and Nanoaerosols covers the nanoaerosols (less than 100 nanometers) to larger submicron aerosols due mostly to pollution, which are present in high number concentration in our surroundings. People are breathing these nanoaerosols daily without being aware of it. Airborne viruses from flu to coronaviruses are also nanoaerosols. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it took a long time for health authorities and the General Public to recognize the airborne transmission mode of the virus. This leads to inadequate protection and ineffective virus control strategies resulting in high infection and death rates. The book cites evidence and observations pointing to the airborne transmission mode of the coronavirus. It also discusses different filtration technologies using nanofibers to capture these aerosols for short-term filtration, where aerosols are trapped in the filter (depth filtration), and long-term filtration, where aerosols are trapped in the growing filter cake (cake filtration). This book provides a good understanding on how nanofibers, which is of size 1/1000 times that of a normal human hair, can effectively filter these tiny aerosols. NFT, organized in four sections – fundamentals, deep understanding, technologies, and application, covering comprehensively on the subject, is a valuable resource for undergraduates and graduates, engineers, researchers and practitioners in related industries. Describes technologies with insight and use basic engineering principles to build-up technologies Includes extensive clear and understandable figures and tables to enhance key concepts Uses examples throughout to explain engineering principles and interdisciplinary concepts The only book in the market focusing on nanofiber filter technologies for filtering submicron aerosols and nanoaerosols
Backpulse And Backblow Cleaning Of Nanofiber Filter Loaded With Nano Aerosols
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Author : Wing Yi Curie Hau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Backpulse And Backblow Cleaning Of Nanofiber Filter Loaded With Nano Aerosols written by Wing Yi Curie Hau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Electrospinning categories.
For multilayer nanofiber filter, two inhomogeneous filters have been tested. One filter was made from a combo filter with a thickermicrofiber layer upstream and a thinner nanofiber layer downstream. The second filter was made from a nanofiber layer with mean fiber diameter of 280nm located upstream and another nanofiber layer with mean fiber diameter of 180nm located downstream. The cleaning effectiveness of the multilayer nanofiber filter was compared with a filter with only single nanofiber layer. The multi-layering configurationcan reduce the skin effect during aerosolloading, however, during cleaning with reversed flowthe downstream microfiber layer provided damping to the cleaning jet undermining the cleaning effectiveness on the upstream nanofiberlayer when compared to the case with regenerating only single nanofiber layer filter. For the filter with two nanofiberlayers, the downstream nanofiber layer enhanced the recapture of loosen particles during cleaning. Further, the presence of the downstream nanofiber layer also compromised the cleaning effectiveness of the nanofiber upstream layerduring reverse flow cleaning. Cyclic filtration, involving both loading and cleaning, have been carried out in both single-layer and multilayer nanofiber filters. Both filter configurations have shown stable behavior in which the growth in residual pressure drop and the decrease in filtration cycle time were present primarily in the first filtration cycle (i.e. the conditioning phase) and subsequently both variables remained relatively constant thereafter. The pressure versus time during loading wasconvex upward for the first loading cycle (at times linear), but changed over to concave downward in subsequent cycles. This isdue to the dead pores of the filter being prefilledwith aerosols after the first loading and cleaning cycle.
Nanofiber Filter Media For Air Filtration
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Author : Bharath Kumar Raghavan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Nanofiber Filter Media For Air Filtration written by Bharath Kumar Raghavan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Air filters categories.
Nanofibers have higher capture efficiencies in comparison to microfibers in the submicron particle size range of 100-500 nm because of small fiber diameter and increased surface area of the fibers. Pressure drop across the filter increases tremendously with decrease in fiber diameter in the continuum flow regime. Nanofibers with fiber diameter less than 300 nm are in the slip flow regime as a consequence of which steep increase in pressure drop is considerably reduced due to slip effect. The outlet or inlet gases have broad range of particle size distribution varying from few micrometers to nanometers. The economic benefits include capture of a wide range of particle sizes in the gas streams using compact filters composed of nanofibers and microfibers. Electrospinning technique was used to successfully fabricate polymeric and ceramic nanofibers. The nanofibers were long, continuous, and flexible with diameters in the range of 200-300 nm. Nanofibers were added to the filter medium either by mixing microfibers and nanofibers or by directly electrospinning nanofibers as thin layer on the surface of the microfiber filter medium. Experimental results showed that either by mixing Nylon 6 nanofibers with B glass fibers or by electrospinning Nylon 6 nanofibers as a thin layer on the surface of the microfiber medium in the surface area ratio of 1 which is 0.06 g of nanofibers for 2 g of microfibers performed better than microfiber filter media in air filtration tests. This improved performance is consistent with numerical modeling The particle loading on a microfibrous filter were studied for air filtration tests . The experimental and modeling results showed that both pressure drop and capture efficiency increased with loading time. Nanofiber filter media has potential applications in many filtration applications and one of them being hot gas filtration. Ceramic nanofibers made of alumina and titania nanofibers can withstand in the range of 1000°C. Ceramic nanofibers filter media were fabricated by mixing alumina microfibers (SAFFIL) and alumina nanofibers. The appropriate binders were tested for ceramic filter media. The ceramic filter media were tested for aerosol filtration.
Nanoaerosols Air Filtering And Respiratory Protection
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Author : Katarzyna Majchrzycka
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-08-02
Nanoaerosols Air Filtering And Respiratory Protection written by Katarzyna Majchrzycka and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Recent toxicological studies show that nanoparticles released in technological processes and combustion processes outside industry can be dangerous for humans especially when entering the body through the mouth and nose. In connection with the above, the use of adequately effective respiratory protection equipment is of great importance in prophylactic and preventive activities. The first part of Nanoaerosols, Air Filtering and Respiratory Protection: Science and Practice refers to the general phenomena of filtration described on the basis of the authors’ own experience and international reports. The book also includes a description of the respiratory system and principles of its functioning and the accumulation of aerosol particles. It goes on to discuss technological innovations regarding the production of filtering materials for protection against nanoparticles and the latest test methods. Finally, the book contains information about the proper selection and use of respiratory protective devices against airborne nanoparticles in the workplace and everyday life. Special attention is paid to proper fit procedures as well as use and maintenance activities of such devices. The content of the book with rich illustrative material has been presented so that it can be used by health and safety experts, students as well as employers, employees and private users of respiratory protective devices. "Through a comprehensive approach to the subject of the work, the authors present theoretical foundations as well as practical solutions that are used in the research and development of personal respiratory protection. The complementarity of the information contained in the book will allow the reader to become familiar with a wide range of knowledge related to the design and manufacture as well as assessment of properties and procedures for the use of respiratory protection against the adverse effects of aerosols, including air contaminated with nanoparticles and microparticles. In my opinion the book is a valuable part of the series Occupational Safety, Health, and Ergonomics: Theory and Practice, published by Taylor & Francis." —Maciej Boguń, ŁUKASIEWICZ – The Textile Research Institute, Łódź
Nanofiber Filter Media For Air And Hot Gas Filtration Applications
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Author : Bharath Raghavan
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2011-06
Nanofiber Filter Media For Air And Hot Gas Filtration Applications written by Bharath Raghavan and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06 with categories.
Nonwoven fibrous media with nanofibers have significant filtration applications in automotive, chemical, transportation, power generation and pharmaceutical/biological industries. Nanofibers have higher capture efficiencies in comparison to microfibers in the submicron particle size range of 100 - 500 nm because of smaller fiber diameter and increased surface area of the fibers. Nanofibers are in the slip flow regime as a consequence of which steep increase in pressure drop is considerably reduced due to slip effect. The economic benefits of using nanofiber filter media are improved filter performance and compact filters. Electrospinning process was used to fabricate polymer and ceramic nanofibers. The electrospun polymer nanofibers were added to the nonwoven fibrous media to improve filter performance for air filtration. This improved filter performance was in consistent with numerical modeling. This book describes the experimental and modeling results of particle loading on fibrous media and application of ceramic nanofibers for hot gas filtration applications.
Submicron Aerosol Filtration Characteristics Of Membrane Filters
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Author : Kenneth Lee Rubow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Submicron Aerosol Filtration Characteristics Of Membrane Filters written by Kenneth Lee Rubow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Aerosols categories.
Aerosol Filtration
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Author : Dominique Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-11-30
Aerosol Filtration written by Dominique Thomas and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-30 with Science categories.
Filtration of aerosols is omnipresent in our daily lives, in areas as diverse as health, the protection of people and the environment, and air treatment inside buildings. However, the collection of particles within a filter media is not, contrary to popular belief, linked to a simple screen effect. The phenomena involved are much more complex and require the consideration of aerosol interactions, filter media and process conditions to select the best fiber filter for a given application. Aerosol Filtration, book for students, hygiene or process engineers, fibrous media manufacturers, designers, and filtration system suppliers or users addresses the filtration of aerosols in six chapters. These chapters cover physics and aerosol characterization, the fibrous media, and efficiency and filter clogging by solid or liquid aerosols, with special attention to the filtration of the nanoparticles. Analyses the behavior of fibrous media against solid and liquid aerosols Presents models of efficiency and pressure drop Introduces computing elements for estimating the lifetime of filters Provides guidance for designing filters and predicting their behavior over time
Advances In Aerosol Gas Filtration
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Author : Kvetoslav R. Spurny
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-03-27
Advances In Aerosol Gas Filtration written by Kvetoslav R. Spurny and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-03-27 with Nature categories.
Aerosols are generally associated with damaging effects to the ozone and human health, however, some aerosols enable productions of very clean, highly dispersed materials. Advances in Aerosol Filtration is dedicated to progress in aerosol science, presenting newly developed theories, filtration models, and novel applications of aerosol gas filtration. Topics include new filtration materials, filter testing methods, electrically enhanced filtration, mechanical and chemical filter resistivity, computational models, and much more. This book examines the history and development of aerosol filtration science and also considers research needs for the future.
Electrospun Nylon 6 Nanofiber Membranes For Capturing Exhaled Breath Aerosols Containing Submicron And Nano Size Particles
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Author : Catherine Ging Reyes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Electrospun Nylon 6 Nanofiber Membranes For Capturing Exhaled Breath Aerosols Containing Submicron And Nano Size Particles written by Catherine Ging Reyes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
In this thesis, electrospun nanofibrous membranes for capturing submicron particles from simulated exhaled breath are investigated. Although it is known that aerosols of Influenza are responsible for increased rates of infection, studies have yet to succeed in quantifying sub-micron Influenza particles present in contagious exhaled breath. Therefore, here we observe the extent to which airborne sub-micron particles, modelling the size, and surface charge of exhaled viral particles, can be captured by electrospun Nylon-6 nanofiber media. An aerosol of salt particles was generated from an aqueous sodium chloride solution. This solution modeled an exhaled Influenza type aerosol because the majority of droplet sizes ranged from 0.52[MICRO SIGN]m to 4.0[MICRO SIGN]m; the typical size range of aqueous droplets in exhaled saliva. A large animal respirator simulated the process of human breathing. During exhalation, the respirator dispersed the salt aerosol to nanofiber membranes for capture. The Nylon-6 membranes used in this study were uniformly electrospun on a large scale [15cm by 96cm] with targeted fiber diameters ranging from 100 nm to 200 nm. FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDX (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) were used to show that these membranes captured salt particles ranging from 30nm - 200nm (the viral particle size range reported most difficult to isolate). Nylon-6 nanofiber membranes could overall capture up to 39% higher salt aerosol concentrations than the control membranes, and did not break during the test process. BET (BrunauerEmmett-Teller) and porometry analysis of the electrospun membranes show that small pore sizes (104nm - 122nm) and high surface areas (44m2/g - 58m2/g) contribute to better aerosol capture than for the control membranes. Furthermore, a cascade impactor was employed to quantify the changes in salt capture before and after the nanofiber filter membrane was using in the breathing apparatus. Compared to the control membranes, the highest percent of smallest sized aerosol droplets, between 0.52 m - 1.55 m, can be captured by all types of electrospun membranes. Additionally, to increase hydrophilicity of the Nylon-6 membranes, poly(acrylic acid) was grafted to the Nylon-6 membrane by two methods. In the first method, poly(acrylic acid) was grafted onto the chain-end surfaces of the Nylon-6 electrospun membrane using the amine-to-carboxylic acid coupling agent: EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride). For the second method, the electrospun membranes were mutually gamma irradiated in an acrylic acid monomer solution to initiate free radical polymerization grafting. The second method resulted in high add-on of acrylic acid in the form of monodisperse beads on the surface. Found via FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis, there is 17% - 20% chance of grafting occurring, with up to a 9% overall weight increase in the membranes. The crystalline structure of the Nylon-6 is also significantly modified in the process, with higher Hm values. Overall surface area, porosity, and mechanical properties of the membranes decreased, and the salt particle capture did not improve, however. The end use goal for the plain and surface modified nanofiber membranes is that they can serve as effective wearable textile materials to supplement the capture, and characterization, of aerosol-driven nanoscale infectious particles exhaled from human breath.
Production And Characterization Of Electrospun Metal Nanofibers For Applications In Nanoaerosol Filtration
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Author : Joerg Ahne
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Production And Characterization Of Electrospun Metal Nanofibers For Applications In Nanoaerosol Filtration written by Joerg Ahne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Air filters categories.
Airborne particles have a large impact on human health and the environment. They can be as small as a few nanometers. Electrospun nanofibrous materials have shown strong potential in filtering airborne nanoparticles for their high efficiency and low energy consumption. Electrospinning has been investigated for decades. Unlike polymeric fibers, the production of fibers made from non-polymeric materials is limited. Additionally, the effects of single parameters on the fiber size are not well understood. To better understand the effects of electrospinning parameters on nanofiber size, the following tasks have been conducted: 1. Understand electrospinning using polymer-based samples for air filtration 2. Determine a reliable way of producing metal-based fibers, focusing on composition of the electrospinning solution and calcining atmosphere 3. Conduct a parametric study using metal-based fibrous filter samples 4. Conduct dimensionless parametric studies aiming at predicting the size of the fibers produced by electrospinning Before producing metal-based fibers, polymer fibers were produced using an existing apparatus in the lab. CA solutions were prepared by diluting various concentrations of CA in a 2:1 (w:w) ratio of N,N-dimethylacetamide (concentration 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%). The electrospinning voltages ranged from 8 to 12 kV with distances from 10 to 15 cm and deposition times of up to 30 minutes. The produced nanofibrous filter samples were then analyzed in terms of fiber size distribution and filter quality factor using nanosized NaCl particles ranging from 4 to 240 nm in diameter. The maximum filtration efficiency measured was 99.8 % for filter samples obtained with an overall deposition time of 30 minutes. The maximum filter quality factor was 0.14 Pa-1 for a CA concentration of 20 wt.% and a tip-to-collector distance of 15 cm. The average fiber diameters of the fibers were between 175 and 890 nm, and CA concentrations below 15 % led to the formation of beads. Then ceria and alumina-based filters were fabricated using the same setup with different operating parameters. Results showed that a solution mix with a ratio of 2:1 ethanol:water with a solid concentration of 15% in a weight ratio of 1:2 w:w metal nitrate:polymer yields the best fibers in terms of size distribution. The average fiber diameter was reduced by calcination due to the loss of polymer. The average diameter of the fibers was as small as 200 nm after calcination. Additionally, the produced metal-based fibers were tested for filtration and the filtration quality was 0.07 Pa-1, which is comparable to those of polymeric fibers. The importance of different solution and operating parameters were evaluated. The trial series was planned according to orthogonal two factorial experimental design. Four parameters, each with two levels were chosen for this study. The solution parameter chosen was concentrations of polymer and salt; process parameters included voltage, nozzle size and feed rate of the solution. It was found that the concentration of the precursor solution had a dominant effect on the fiber size, while the effects of electric field strength, flow rate and needle diameter were comparable in their effect on the fiber size. Dimensionless numbers have been developed using the Pi-theorem aiming at the prediction of electrospinnablitiy. The development of the dimensional tables and the identification of suited parameters for the dimensional table show that the processing parameters electric field strength, needle diameter and solution feed rate; the solution parameters, including viscosity, surface tension and solution conductivity, are the most appropriate for characteristic numbers describing the electrospinning process.