Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften
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Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften
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Author : Kai Torsten Kanz
language : de
Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag
Release Date : 1997
Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften written by Kai Torsten Kanz and has been published by Franz Steiner Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with History categories.
In den Jahrzehnten nach der Franzosischen Revolution waren die deutsch-franzosischen Kontakte in den Naturwissenschaften auaerordentlich intensiv. Zahlreiche Ubersetzungen franzosischer Werke, Studienreisen ins Nachbarland, Korrespondenzen mit den dortigen Kollegen und die wechselseitigen Akademiemitgliedschaften belegen die enorme Anziehungskraft, die von Paris als damaligem Weltzentrum der Naturwissenschaften ausging. Nationalistische Auaerungen auf beiden Seiten, die sich insbesondere bei der wechselseitigen Rezeption naturwissenschaftlicher Theorien finden lassen, belegen jedoch, daa die Nationalitat der Gelehrten und die Internationalitat der Wissenschaft sich bereits in einem unauflosbaren Konflikt befanden. Fuer den bilateralen Wissenstransfer ist der Nationalismus der Naturforscher gleichwohl nicht als ein entscheidender hemmender Faktor anzusehen. Im Anhang sind 400 Ubersetzungen (330 aus dem Franzosischen; 70 aus dem Deutschen) naturwissenschaftlicher Werke, wo moglich autoptisch und mit Standortnachweisen, bibliographiert. aDie vorliegende Arbeit besticht durch die sorgfaltige Analyse der umfangreichen archivalischen und literarischen Quellen sowie die Uberzeugungskraft der Ergebnisse.o Gesnerus.
Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften
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Author : Kai Torsten Kanz
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften written by Kai Torsten Kanz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften
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Author : Kai Torsten Kanz
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Nationalismus Und Internationale Zusammenarbeit In Den Naturwissenschaften written by Kai Torsten Kanz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with France categories.
Beyond Science And Empire
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Author : Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-23
Beyond Science And Empire written by Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-23 with History categories.
Through ten case studies by international specialists, this book investigates the circulation and production of scientific knowledge between 1750 and 1945 in the fields of agriculture, astronomy, botany, cartography, medicine, statistics, and zoology. In this period, most of the world was under some form of imperial control, while science emerged as a discrete field of activity. What was the relationship between empire and science? Was science just an instrument for imperial domination? While such guiding questions place the book in the tradition of science and empire studies, it offers a fresh perspective in dialogue with global history and circulatory approaches. The book demonstrates, not by theoretical discourse but through detailed historical case studies, that the adoption of a global scale of analysis or an emphasis on circulatory processes does not entail analytical vagueness, diffusionism in disguise, or complacency with imperialism. The chapters show scientific knowledge emerging from the actions of little-known individuals moving across several Empires—European, Asian, and South American alike—in unanticipated places and institutions, and through complex processes of exchange, competition, collaboration, and circulation of knowledge. The book will interest scholars and undergraduate and graduate students concerned with the connections between the history of science, imperial history, and global history.
The Body Populace
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Author : Heinrich Hartmann
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-01-15
The Body Populace written by Heinrich Hartmann and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-15 with Social Science categories.
How data gathered from national conscriptions in pre–World War I Europe influenced understandings of population fitness and redefined society as a collective body. In pre–World War I Europe, individual fitness was increasingly related to building and preserving collective society. Army recruitment offered the most important opportunity to screen male citizens' fitness, raising questions of how to define fitness for soldiers and how to translate this criteria outside the military context. In this book, Heinrich Hartmann explores the historical circumstances that shaped collective understandings of fitness in Europe before World War I and how these were intertwined with a fear of demographic decline and degeneration. This dynamic gained momentum through the circulation of knowledge among European nations, but also through the scenarios of military confrontations. Hartmann provides a science history of military statistics in Germany, France, and Switzerland in the decades preceding World War I, considering how information gathered during national conscriptions generated data about the health and fitness of the population. Defined by masculine concepts, conscription examinations went far beyond the individuals they tested and measured. Scholars of the time aspired to pin down the “nation” in concrete numerical terms, drawing on data from examinations to redefine society as a “collective body” that could be counted, measured, and examined. The Body Populace explores the historical specificity and contingency of data-gathering techniques, recounts their uses and abuses, and provides a timely contribution to the growing historiography of Big Data. It sheds light on a crucial moment in nineteenth and early twentieth century European history—when statistical data and demographical knowledge shaped new notions of masculinity, fostered fears of degeneration, and gave rise to eugenic thinking.
Nationalizing Science
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Author : Alan J. Rocke
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2000-11-08
Nationalizing Science written by Alan J. Rocke and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-08 with Science categories.
After looking at the early careers of Wurtz's two mentors, Liebig and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Rocke describes Wurtz's life and career in the politically complex period leading up to 1853. He then discusses the turning point in Wurtz's intellectual life—his conversion to the "reformed chemistry" of Laurent, Gerhardt, and Williamson—and his efforts to persuade his colleagues of the advantages of the new system. In 1869, Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) called chemistry "a French science." In fact, however, Wurtz was the most internationalist of French chemists. Born in Strasbourg and educated partly in the laboratory of the great Justus Liebig, he spent his career in Paris, where he devoted himself to introducing German ideas into French scientific circles. His life therefore provides an excellent vehicle for considering the divergent trajectories of French and German chemistry—and, by extension, French and German science—during this crucial period. After looking at the early careers of Wurtz's two mentors, Liebig and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Rocke describes Wurtz's life and career in the politically complex period leading up to 1853. He then discusses the turning point in Wurtz's intellectual life—his conversion to the "reformed chemistry" of Laurent, Gerhardt, and Williamson—and his efforts (social and political, as well as scientific) to persuade his colleagues of the advantages of the new system. He looks at political patronage, or the lack thereof, and at the insufficient material support from the French government, during the middle decades of the century. From there Rocke goes on to examine the rivalry between Wurtz and Marcellin Berthelot, the debate over atoms versus equivalents, and the reasons for Wurtz's failure to win acceptance for his ideas. The story offers insights into the changing status of science in this period, and helps to explain the eventual course of both French and German chemistry.
Race Science And The Nation
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Author : Chris Manias
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-07
Race Science And The Nation written by Chris Manias and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-07 with History categories.
Across the nineteenth century, scholars in Britain, France and the German lands sought to understand their earliest ancestors: the Germanic and Celtic tribes known from classical antiquity, and the newly discovered peoples of prehistory. New fields – philology, archeology and anthropology – interacted, breaking down languages, unearthing artifacts, measuring skulls and recording the customs of "savage" analogues. This was a decidedly national process: disciplines institutionalized on national levels, and their findings seen to have deep implications for the origins of the nation and its "racial composition." However, this operated within broader currents. The wide spread of material and novelty of the methods meant that these approaches formed connections across Europe and beyond, even while national rivalries threatened to tear these networks apart. Race, Science and the Nation follows this tension, offering a simultaneously comparative, cross-national and multi-disciplinary history of the scholarly reconstruction of European prehistory. As well as showing how interaction between disciplines was key to their formation, it makes arguments of keen relevance to studies of racial thought and nationalism. It shows these researches often worked against attempts to present the chaotic multi-layered ancient eras as times of mythic origin. Instead, they argued that the modern nations of Europe were not only diverse, but were products of long processes of social development and "racial" fusion. This book therefore brings to light a formerly unstudied motif of nineteenth-century national consciousness, showing how intellectuals in the era of nation-building themselves drove an idea of their nations being "constructed" from a useable past.
Kielmeyer And The Organic World
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Author : Lydia Azadpour
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2020-12-10
Kielmeyer And The Organic World written by Lydia Azadpour and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-10 with Philosophy categories.
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer (1765-1844) was the 'father of philosophy of nature' owing to his profound influence on German Idealist and Romantic Naturphilosophie. With the recent growth of interest in Idealist and Romantic philosophy of nature in the UK and abroad, the importance of Kielmeyer's work is being increasingly recognised and special attention is being paid to his influence on biology's development as a distinct discipline at the end of the eighteenth century. In this exciting new book, Lydia Azadpour and Daniel Whistler present the first ever English translations of key texts by Kielmeyer, along with contextual and interpretative essays by leading international scholars, who are experts on the philosophy of nature and the formation of the life sciences in the late eighteenth century. The topics they cover include: the laws of nature, the concept of force, the meaning of 'organism', the logic of recapitulation, Kielmeyer and ecology, sexual differentiation in animal life and Kielmeyer's relationship to Kant, Schelling and Hegel. In doing so, they provide a comprehensive English reference to Kielmeyer's historical and contemporary significance.
Exploratory Experiments
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Author : Friedrich Steinle
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2016-09-02
Exploratory Experiments written by Friedrich Steinle and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-02 with Science categories.
Translated by Alex Levine The nineteenth century was a formative period for electromagnetism and electrodynamics. Hans Christian Orsted's groundbreaking discovery of the interaction between electricity and magnetism in 1820 inspired a wave of research, led to the science of electrodynamics, and resulted in the development of electromagnetic theory. Remarkably, in response, Andre-Marie Ampere and Michael Faraday developed two incompatible, competing theories. Although their approaches and conceptual frameworks were fundamentally different, together their work launched a technological revolution—laying the foundation for our modern scientific understanding of electricity—and one of the most important debates in physics, between electrodynamic action-at-a-distance and field theories. In this foundational study, Friedrich Steinle compares the influential work of Ampere and Faraday to reveal the prominent role of exploratory experimentation in the development of science. While this exploratory phase was responsible for decisive conceptual innovations, it has yet to be examined in such great detail. Focusing on Ampere's and Faraday's research practices, reconstructed from previously unknown archival materials, including laboratory notes, diaries, letters, and interactions with instrument makers, this book considers both the historic and epistemological basis of exploratory experimentation and its importance to scientific development.
Transnational Cultures Of Expertise
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Author : Lothar Schilling
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-09-23
Transnational Cultures Of Expertise written by Lothar Schilling and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-23 with History categories.
Building on the new critical historiography about the evolution of the European state, the book analyses how administrators, scientists, popular publicists and other actors tried to redefine the realms of state action in the "Sattelzeit" (Koselleck). By focussing on the specific strategies of these actors and on the transnational circulation and dissemination of state related knowledge itself, the contributors of the book highlight the fluidity and the interconnections of the European debate in the crucial period of the development of the modern nation-state and its administration. They study the common European features of the evolution of a new type of statehood built upon multiple circulations and transfers that forged administrative practices in the different fields of state action. Analysing important fields of expertise ranging from agricultural knowledge, mining sciences to anthropological knowledge, which laid the basis for the new "scientific" foundations of administration, the book underlines the necessity of a re-evaluation of the classical approaches to the history of state in the 18th and 19th centuries.