Nato S Failure In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Download Nato S Failure In Libya PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Nato S Failure In Libya book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Nato S Failure In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : Horace Campbell
language : en
Publisher: African Books Collective
Release Date : 2012
Nato S Failure In Libya written by Horace Campbell and has been published by African Books Collective this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with History categories.
When the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings erupted in Africa, in the first two months of the year 2011, with the chant, 'the people want to bring down the regime', there was hope all over the continent that these rebellions were part of a wider African Awakening. President Ben Ali of Tunisia was forced to step down and fled to Saudi Arabia. Within a month of Ben Ali's departure, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt was removed from power by the people, who mobilised a massive revolutionary movement in the country. Four days after the ousting of Mubarak, sections of the Libyan people rebelled in Benghazi. Within days, this uprising was militarised, with armed resistance countered by declarations from the Libyan leadership vowing to use raw state power to root out the rebellion. The first Libyan demonstrations occurred on February 15, 2011, but by February 21 there were reports that innocent civilians were in imminent danger of being massacred by the army. This information was embellished by reports of the political leadership branding the rebellious forces as 'rats'. The United States (US), Britain and France took the lead to rush through a resolution in the United Nations (UN) Security Council, invoking the principle of the 'responsibility to protect'. This concept of responsibility to protect had been embraced and supported by many governments in the aftermath of the genocidal episodes in Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. The UN Security Council Resolution 1973 of 2011 was loosely worded, with the formulation 'all necessary measures' tacked on to ensure wide latitude for those societies and political leaders who orchestrated the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervention in Libya. In the following nine months, the implementation of this UN resolution exposed the real objectives of the leaders of the US, France and Britain. With the Western media fuelling a propaganda campaign in the traditions of 'manufacturing consent', this Security Council authorisation was stretched from a clear and limited civilian protection mandate into a military campaign for regime change and the execution of the President of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi.
Global Nato And The Catastrophic Failure In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : Horace Campbell
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2013-03-01
Global Nato And The Catastrophic Failure In Libya written by Horace Campbell and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-01 with Political Science categories.
In this incisive account, scholar Horace Campbell investigates the political and economic crises of the early twenty-first century through the prism of NATO’s intervention in Libya. He traces the origins of the conflict, situates it in the broader context of the Arab Spring uprisings, and explains the expanded role of a post-Cold War NATO. This military organization, he argues, is the instrument through which the capitalist class of North America and Europe seeks to impose its political will on the rest of the world, however warped by the increasingly outmoded neoliberal form of capitalism. The intervention in Libya—characterized by bombing campaigns, military information operations, third party countries, and private contractors—exemplifies this new model. Campbell points out that while political elites in the West were quick to celebrate the intervention in Libya as a success, the NATO campaign caused many civilian deaths and destroyed the nation’s infrastructure. Furthermore, the instability it unleashed in the forms of militias and terrorist groups have only begun to be reckoned with, as the United States learned when its embassy was attacked and personnel, including the ambassador, were killed. Campbell’s lucid study is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand this complex and weighty course of events.
Global Nato And The Catastrophic Failure In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : Horace Campbell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Global Nato And The Catastrophic Failure In Libya written by Horace Campbell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with History categories.
In this incisive account, scholar Horace Campbell investigates the political and economic crises of the early twenty-first century through the prism of NATOOCOs intervention in Libya. He traces the origins of the conflict, situates it in the broader context of the Arab Spring uprisings, and explains the expanded role of a post-Cold War NATO. This military organization, he argues, is the instrument through which the capitalist class of North America and Europe seeks to impose its political will on the rest of the world, however warped by the increasingly outmoded neoliberal form of capitalism. The intervention in LibyaOCocharacterized by bombing campaigns, military information operations, third party countries, and private contractorsOCoexemplifies this new model. Campbell points out that while political elites in the West were quick to celebrate the intervention in Libya as a success, the NATO campaign caused many civilian deaths and destroyed the nationOCOs infrastructure. Furthermore, the instability it unleashed in the forms of militias and terrorist groups have only begun to be reckoned with, as the United States learned when its embassy was attacked and personnel, including the ambassador, were killed. CampbellOCOs lucid study is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand this complex and weighty course of events.
The Eu Nato And The Libya Conflict
DOWNLOAD
Author : Stefano Marcuzzi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-12-24
The Eu Nato And The Libya Conflict written by Stefano Marcuzzi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-24 with Political Science categories.
This book explores the causes and implications of the Libyan crisis since the anti-Gaddafi uprisings of 2011 from the perspective of the EU and NATO. It asks the question of why those organizations failed to stabilize the country despite the serious challenges posed by the protracted crisis to European and transatlantic stakes in the region. This book argues that such failure originated in a twofold problem common to both organizations: their prioritization of legitimacy over strategy, and their path dependence – the insufficient degree of adaptation to meet the different needs of the crisis. Through a critical and integrated analysis of official sources and extensive interviews with EU, NATO, UN, and national government officials and militaries, as well as from NGO personnel, Libyan institutions and civil society, and media, the volume brings the perspective of both state and non-state actors to the fore. It reveals how wrong assumptions and centrifugal forces within the EU and NATO hampered initiatives, and how the inability to use hard power judiciously and effectively in an increasingly complex and multifaceted scenario worsened the crisis. This allowed for unprecedented influence of regional and global competitors such as Egypt, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkey and Russia in the richest African country. This book will be of key interest for scholars and students of Libya and North Africa, NATO, the European Union, security and conflict studies, Middle East studies, migration, terrorism, peacebuilding and, more broadly, international relations.
The Nato Intervention In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kjell Engelbrekt
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-01
The Nato Intervention In Libya written by Kjell Engelbrekt and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-01 with Political Science categories.
This book explores ‘lessons learned’ from the military intervention in Libya by examining key aspects of the 2011 NATO campaign. NATO’s intervention in Libya had unique features, rendering it unlikely to serve as a model for action in other situations. There was an explicit UN Security Council mandate to use military force, a strong European commitment to protect Libyan civilians, Arab League political endorsement and American engagement in the critical, initial phase of the air campaign. Although the seven-month intervention stretched NATO’s ammunition stockpiles and political will almost to their respective breaking points, the definitive overthrow of the Gaddafi regime is universally regarded as a major accomplishment. With contributions from a range of key thinkers and analysts in the field, the book first explains the law and politics of the intervention, starting out with deliberations in NATO and at the UN Security Council, both noticeably influenced by the concept of a Responsibility to Protect (R2P). It then goes on to examine a wide set of military and auxiliary measures that governments and defence forces undertook in order to increasingly tilt the balance against the Gaddafi regime and to bring about an end to the conflict, as well as to the intervention proper, while striving to keep the number of NATO and civilian casualties to a minimum. This book will be of interest to students of strategic studies, history and war studies, and IR in general.
The Nato Intervention In Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kjell Engelbrekt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Nato Intervention In Libya written by Kjell Engelbrekt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Intervention categories.
The Cauldron
DOWNLOAD
Author : Rob Weighill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Cauldron written by Rob Weighill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Armed Forces categories.
In March 2011, NATO launched a mission hitherto entirely unthinkable: to protect civilians against Libya's ferocious regime, solely from the air. NATO had never operated in North Africa, or without troops on the ground; it also had never had to move as quickly as it did that spring. It took seven months, 25,000 air sorties, 7,000 combat strike missions, 3,100 maritime hailings and nearly 400 boardings for Tripoli to fall. This book tells for the first time the whole story of this international drama, spanning the hallways of the United Nations in New York, NATO Headquarters in Brussels and, crucially, the two operational epicentres: the Libyan battlefield, and Joint Force Command Naples, which was in charge of the mission. Weighill and Gaub offer a comprehensive exploration of both the war's progression and the many challenges NATO faced, from its extremely rapid planning and limited understanding of Libya and its forces, to training shortfalls and the absence of post-conflict planning. Theirs is a long-awaited account of the Libyan war: one that truly considers all the actors involved.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization And Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
North Atlantic Treaty Organization And Libya written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Libya S Operation Odyssey Dawn
DOWNLOAD
Author : Department of Defense (DoD)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-03-07
Libya S Operation Odyssey Dawn written by Department of Defense (DoD) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-07 with categories.
Four military reports provide a unique perspective on the Libyan military operation launched by President Obama in 2011, known as Operation Odyssey Dawn. Libya's Operation Odyssey Dawn: Command and Control - Events in Libya from January through April 2011 and the related coalition operation, Operation Odyssey Dawn, provided an opportunity to observe how this new type of command would perform in a crisis/contingency operation. USAFRICOM was required to plan kinetic operations, form a multinational coalition, stand up a multinational joint task force (JTF), conduct offensive and defensive maritime and air operations, and transition leadership of the operation to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The best practices and lessons learned from all phases of USAFRICOM's execution of the operation will be valuable in determining the viability of its unique structure and organization and its applicability to other commands. Additionally, the lessons learned will provide input to changes that may be required to ensure future success. The Promise and the Peril of the Responsibility to Protect - In 2005, the United Nations codified the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in its World Summit Outcome, stating that sovereign governments have a responsibility to protect their populations from atrocities, and if that government is unable or unwilling to do so, the international community had a responsibility to act to stop the atrocity through diplomatic, humanitarian or other peaceful means, or by force in extreme cases. The concept of Responsibility to Protect has gained rapid international acceptance, to include its addition in the 2010 United States National Security Strategy, but serious questions remain regarding the legitimate application of force when force is deemed necessary. This paper considers the 2011 Libyan rebellion as a case study of the use of force under the auspices of The Responsibility to Protect. NATO's Air War in Libya: A Template for Future American Operations - This research paper attempts to answer the question: does NATO's air war in Libya provide a template for how the United States will settle its future military conflicts? This paper explores three case studies involving airpower to identify the feasibility of a template for future military operations. The first case study explores NATO's 78-day air war against Bosnia over Kosovo. The next case study looks at America's involvement in Afghanistan during the first six months of Operation Enduring Freedom. The last case study involves NATO and America's 2011 involvement in Libya. Operations Odyssey Dawn and Unified Protector: A Coercive Failure? - This monograph examines military operations in Libya 2011, Operations Unified Protector and Odyssey Dawn, through the lens of coercion theory. It seeks to answer the question: if the United States and its allies attempted to apply coercion theory against Gaddafi preceding and during military operations, why did he seemingly exhibit no behavioral changes prior to his death? This monograph purports that even though Operations Odyssey Dawn and Unified Protector succeeded in supporting the removal of the Gaddafi regime, ultimately they represent a coercive failure.
The Libyan Uprising
DOWNLOAD
Author : Varun Vira
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Libyan Uprising written by Varun Vira and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Insurgency categories.
Libya is not vital to the US strategic interest -- the country is primarily within the European strategic orbit. But Libya is an important energy exporter and the failure of the NATO intervention over the long-term can have important ramifications on US regional and international interests. As a recent White House report noted, stability in Libya is essential to limit the spread of violence and instability in a region pivotal to our security interests, particularly while it is undergoing sensitive transition, as well as to prevent an imminent humanitarian catastrophe. There has also been speculation that Libya could become a jihadist sanctuary for groups allied to al-Qaeda, which may be overblown, but must be taken into consideration. This background paper on the current war in Libya helps put these issues in perspective. Drawing from official NATO reporting and open-source analysis, the report tracks the conduct of the fighting and identifies some trends that will be crucial to plan for in shaping a post-war Libya. To date, planning for the post-Qaddafi period has been vastly inadequate, and it is likely that the end when it comes will come very quickly. Whether this takes days or months remains unclear, but some form of change is imminent in Libya, and will require careful accommodation.