Natural Killer Cells As Immune Effectors For Selection Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells
DOWNLOAD
Download Natural Killer Cells As Immune Effectors For Selection Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Natural Killer Cells As Immune Effectors For Selection Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Natural Killer Cells As Immune Effectors For Selection Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells
DOWNLOAD
Author : Han-Ching Tseng Dick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Natural Killer Cells As Immune Effectors For Selection Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells written by Han-Ching Tseng Dick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Recent advancements in our understanding of anti-tumor immune responses and cancer biology have revealed an elaborate interaction between immune effectors as well as transformed cells in the tumor microenvironment. Effectors of the immune system are known to modulate the maturation of tumor cells and to select for cancer with reduced immunogenicity. The same effector mechanisms are likely responsible for shaping the development of healthy stem cells for the ultimate goal of repair and regeneration of damaged tissues and the discontinuation of chronic inflammation. Natural Killer (NK) cells were first described based on their ability to mediate tumor cell lysis without prior sensitization, however much of their effector functions and dynamic interaction with cells in the microenvironment are still not completely understood. Many studies have demonstrated that NK cells may recognize and become activated by irradiated or stressed cells; yet, currently no studies have investigated the role of NK cells in selection and differentiation of stem cells and potential role of NK cells in the resolution of inflammation. The established paradigm suggests that NK cells are only capable of eliminating defective cells that arise in the body; but, data obtained in this study indicate that the functions of NK cells are not as limited as we once thought. This study provides evidences that tumor cells and virally infected cells are not the only targets of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Immune cells and healthy stem cells are also susceptible to lysis. NK cells obtained from the peripheral blood or those that have infiltrated into tumors have been shown to be cytotoxicity inactivated or also known as "anergized". In this study, an array of mediators that cause anergy in NK cells have been identified and extensively studied. Initiation of the anergic state in NK cells was once thought as an end-point, a last stop before apoptosis; however, presented data will demonstrate that anergy is a physiological stage that NK cells undergo to help support differentiation of stem cells. Taken together, all of the results provide a novel role for NK cells as effector cells in selection, differentiation and resistance of both transformed and healthy stem cells.
Bacteria Induced Split Anergy In Nk Cells Drive Maturation Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vickie Tamdoan Bui
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Bacteria Induced Split Anergy In Nk Cells Drive Maturation Differentiation And Resistance Of Healthy And Transformed Stem Cells written by Vickie Tamdoan Bui and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system, they respond to virally infected cells and to tumor formation. The NK cells are known to have a crucial role in mediating lysis against a variety of tumor cells through cell-mediated cytotoxicity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Accumulated evidence from our lab has shown that anergized NK cells can induce resistance in transformed and healthy stem cells through secreted cytokines and cell-to-cell interaction. We previously showed that NK cells can significantly catalyze cytotoxicity against primary Oral Squamous Carcinoma Stem Cells (OSCSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)[1, 2] whereas their differentiated cells lines were more resistant. In addition, our experimental data demonstrated that as the stem cells become significantly differentiated and significantly resistant to NK cytotoxicity when they were co-cultured in the presence of monocytes, probiotic bacteria and anti-IL10 monoclonal antibody. Thus, it is an emerging view in our laboratory that the stage of maturation and differentiation of healthy untransformed, as well as transformed tumorigenic, stem cells is predictive of their sensitivity to NK cells' mediated cytotoxicity[3]. We believe that NK cells have the ability to reduce inflammation and increase regeneration of new tissues by two ways: they lyse a small populations of stem cells that are incapable of differentiating and they support the best stem cells to maturation and differentiation after gaining cytokine producing function and up-regulate differentiation markers CD54, B7H1, and MHC Class 1 and down-regulate of stem cell marker, CD44. We previously found that CD16 receptor on the NK cells induced split anergy in NK cells. Split anergy was coined by our lab to explain the phenomenon where NK cells lose cytotoxicity but gain the ability to secrete cytokines to support maturation of various healthy and transformed stem cell types. In this paper, our objective is to study probiotic bacteria because we found that they exacerbate the induction of split anergy in NK cells by triggering NK cells to secrete significant about of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors compared to CD16 receptor triggering of the NK cells alone. We also found that the combination of probiotic bacteria (sAJ2) plus monocytes and anti-IL10 monoclonal antibodies were the ultimate induction of split anergy in NK cells compared to probiotic bacteria, monocytes, or the antibody alone triggering the NK cells as together these monocyte, bacteria and antibodies have the great capacity to anergize NK cells to speed the processes of maturation and differentiation of various stem cell types and to speed the process of tissue regeneration and to reduce inflammation much more faster. Transformed stem cells such as Oral Squamous Cancer Stem Cells (OSCSC), Pancreatic Carcinoma MIA PaCa-2, Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Cell Line (A549), human Glioblastoma cell line (X02D) and Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell line (K562) as well as non-transformed stem cell, Stem Cell of Apical Papilla (SCAP) were used in a standard 51Chromium release assay to determine their sensitivity or resistance against NK cell-mediated cytolysis. The secretion of key cytokines by NK cells induced by probiotic bacteria, such as Interferon-Gamma (IFN-[gamma]), IL-10, and other cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). The death of tumor cells caused by different conditions of NK cell-treated probiotic bacteria were assessed through flow analysis using Propidium Iodide Stain. Transformed and non-transformed stem cells were differentiated using supernatants obtained from untreated NK cells, NK cells treated with IL-2 and anti-CD16mAb, and a combination of IL-2 plus anti-CD16mAb with our lab formulated probiotic bacteria, sonicated AJ2 (sAJ2) as well as other activators such as monocytes and anti-IL10 monoclonal antibody. We observed a universal step-wise differentiation level of stem cells when they were treated with supernatant of pre-conditioned NK cells that contained various level of IFN-[gamma] production. The level of differentiation of the stem cells was confirmed through surface analysis using surface receptor markers CD54, CD44, B7H1, and MHC -1. Our experimental findings showed that probiotic bacteria caused significant induction of split anergy in NK cells via significant secretion of many cytokines and lack of NK cells mediated cytotoxicity compared to IL-2 plus anti-CD16mAb treated NK cells (also known as conventional anergized NK). Along with the combination of monocytes and anti-IL10mAb significantly induced split anergy of the NK cells by speeding the differentiation and maturation process via secretion of significant amount of key cytokines, IFN-[gamma] and TNF-[gamma].
Nk Cell Subsets In Health And Disease New Developments
DOWNLOAD
Author : Emanuela Marcenaro
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-11-29
Nk Cell Subsets In Health And Disease New Developments written by Emanuela Marcenaro and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-29 with Electronic book categories.
Natural Killer (NK) cells were discovered ca 1975, as the first group of lymphoid cells that were neither T cells nor B cells. Since then, the dissection of the biology of NK cells has been growing exponentially with many seminal discoveries from the identification of MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors to the discovery of receptor-ligand pairs involved in NK cell activation and to the manipulation of NK cells in cancer. In this research topic, we asked a group of thought leaders in NK cell biology to review recent advances in their origins and biology, and their roles in cancer, infection and inflammation. Together, these 25 articles provide a timely survey of NK cells as critical immunologic components of health and disease. They will hopefully prompt further dialogue and developments in basic and translational immunology.
Moving Towards Allogeneic Cellular Therapies Opportunities And Challenges
DOWNLOAD
Author : Federico Simonetta
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-09
Moving Towards Allogeneic Cellular Therapies Opportunities And Challenges written by Federico Simonetta and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-09 with Medical categories.
Avian Immunology
DOWNLOAD
Author : Bernd Kaspers
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Medical categories.
The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
DOWNLOAD
Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Immunology For Pharmacy E Book
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dennis Flaherty
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2014-06-25
Immunology For Pharmacy E Book written by Dennis Flaherty and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-25 with Medical categories.
With a new pharmacy-specific approach to immunology, Immunology for Pharmacy prepares pharmacists for practice by providing a complete understanding of the basis of immunology and the consequences of either suppressing or enhancing immune function. It covers key subjects such as prophylaxis and vaccination, antibodies as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, biological modifiers, and the rationale for use and mechanisms of therapeutic agents. Written by experienced author and educator Dennis Flaherty, this book presents topics with a logical, step-by-step approach, explaining concepts and their practical application. A companion Evolve website reinforces your understanding with flashcards and animations. Pharmacy-specific coverage narrows the broad field of immunology to those areas most pertinent and clinically relevant to pharmacy students. 165 full-color illustrations help to illuminate difficult concepts. Factors That Influence the Immune Response chapter covers biological agents including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their related toxins and how they relate to the immune system. Three chapters on vaccinations prepare you for this important part of the pharmacist's role by discussing cancer treatment with whole tumor vaccines, cell vaccines, and viral vector vaccines, describing other vaccines such as recombinant vaccines and plant vaccines, and examining how diseases such as diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus respond to vaccinations. A summary of drugs used in treating each condition helps you understand typical treatments and their immunological mechanisms, so you can choose proper treatments. Integrated information makes it easier to understand how various parts of the immune system work together, leading to a better understanding of immunology as a whole. A unique focus on practical application and critical thinking shows the interrelationship of concepts and makes it easier to apply theory to practice. Information on AIDS covers the identification and treatment of both strains of HIV as well as AIDS, preparing you for diseases you will see in practice. Unique student-friendly features simplify your study with learning objectives and key terms at the beginning of each chapter, bulleted summaries and self-assessment questions at the end of each chapter, and a glossary at the back of the book. Over 60 tables summarize and provide quick reference to important material. A companion Evolve website includes animations and pharmacy terminology flashcards.
Stiehm S Immune Deficiencies
DOWNLOAD
Author : Kathleen E. Sullivan
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-23
Stiehm S Immune Deficiencies written by Kathleen E. Sullivan and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-23 with Medical categories.
Stiehm’s Immune Deficiencies: Inborn Errors in Immunity, Second Edition, is ideal for physicians and other caregivers who specialize in immunology, allergies, infectious diseases and pulmonary medicine. It provides a validated source of information for care delivery to patients, covering approaches to diagnosis that use both new genetic information and emphasize screening strategies. Management has changed dramatically over the past five years, so approaches to infection and autoimmunity are emphasized in an effort to improve outcomes and disseminate new information on the uses of targeted therapy. Covers immune deficiencies that are presented in a practical way, providing helpful information for active clinicians Fills an increasingly deep gap in the information available to clinicians Presents both clinical management and scientific advances for immune deficiencies Provides a primary resource for physicians in the field of immunodeficiencies Includes website access to a range of videos relevant to the topics discussed
Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity And Function
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jonathan Soboloff
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-27
Signaling Mechanisms Regulating T Cell Diversity And Function written by Jonathan Soboloff and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Medical categories.
T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.
Successes And Challenges Of Nk Immunotherapy
DOWNLOAD
Author : Benjamin Bonavida
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-06-23
Successes And Challenges Of Nk Immunotherapy written by Benjamin Bonavida and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with Science categories.
Successes and Challenges of NK Immunotherapy: Increasing Anti-tumor Efficacy describes the unique therapeutic applications of NK cells to fight cancers and eliminate the bulk and subset of cancer stem cells responsible for metastasis, relapse and recurrences. The book provides information on the development, engineering, mechanisms of action, response to various preclinical models, and applications in various clinical trials. Sections cover the development of highly engineered cytotoxic NK cells, their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical applications, the development and application of CAR-NK cells, and new NK-drug conjugates, also emphasizing that activated NK cells can target and kill highly resistant cancer stem cells. Written by the leading experts on NK immunotherapy worldwide, this is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who are interested in understanding novel and efficient therapies to fight cancers. Discusses the unique developmental applications of NK immunotherapy against cancers, which differs greatly from other types of immunotherapies Provides up-to-date and highly relevant information through chapters written by the leading researchers in the field Presents a significant number of schematic diagrams for easy understanding and reproducibility