Natural Resistance To And Host Directed Prevention Of Tuberculosis
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Natural Resistance To And Host Directed Prevention Of Tuberculosis
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Author : Robert Wilkinson
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-06-16
Natural Resistance To And Host Directed Prevention Of Tuberculosis written by Robert Wilkinson and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-16 with categories.
Tuberculosis remains an important bacterial disease responsible for more than one million deaths per year. The risk of overt disease is highest in the first year post infection, nevertheless, asymptomatic chronic infection (referred to as Latent Tuberculosis Infection, LTBI) may also be established. LTBI cannot be ascertained directly, it can only be inferred from a skin or blood test of immune sensitization. Nevertheless, it is often stated that one third of the world’s population has LTBI. The central tenet of Tuberculosis control has therefore been antibiotic treatment of overt disease and the selective less intensive antibiotic treatment of patients considered at risk of progression of LTBI. Much Tuberculosis research has been directed towards elucidation of the mechanisms of host susceptibility to disease. The best-characterized immune risk factor for Tuberculosis is HIV-1 co-infection. Others include anti-TNF therapies, Diabetes Mellitus, other forms of immunosuppression, and cigarette smoking. However in most clinical cases of Tuberculosis, no underlying immunological defect can be identified. Since the general assumption is that most people infected with Tuberculosis never develop disease, this suggests that most people who are exposed and infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis harbor immunity to Tuberculosis. This encourages the hypothesis that vaccination should be possible and indeed Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination confers protection against disseminated disease in children. However, BCG vaccination is not associated with reduced pulmonary disease in adults, which is a significant limitation. Furthermore it has been recognized that increased resistance to Tuberculosis occurs in specific populations. These include (i) heavily exposed persons in whom tests of immune sensitization nevertheless remain persistently negative; (ii) children aged between 5 years and puberty, and (iii) persons with documented persistent positive tests of sensitization who nevertheless never manifest disease. As progress towards the elimination of Tuberculosis is insufficient under current antibiotic-based strategies, the idea to enhance immune resistance either via improved vaccination or enhanced natural immunity is important. Recent research interest has therefore increased attention on the analysis of resistance in humans. The current BCG vaccine is conventionally thought to prevent progression of established infection. However, vaccination strategies now also envisage the prevention of infection and relapse. There has been a rapid growth of interest in adjunctive host-directed immune interventions which aim to either enhance protective immunity or to regulate pathological tissue-damaging immunity. However, the idea of host-directed prevention is less widely discussed.
Advances In Host Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
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Author : Petros C. Karakousis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-03
Advances In Host Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis written by Petros C. Karakousis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-03 with Medical categories.
This book discusses specific immune cell regulatory pathway(s), immune cell types, or other mechanisms involved in host responses to tuberculosis that can be potentially targeted for host-directed therapy (HDT). The pathways/mechanisms investigated are either protective – thus calling for pathway/factor enhancing drugs – or maladaptive – thus calling for pathway/factor inhibitory drugs. Discovery and development (pre-clinical and clinical) of candidate HDT agents will also be elucidated, as well as approaches for HDT of other diseases. The benefit to the reader will derive from learning about the biology of multiple host pathways involved in health and disease, how these pathways are disrupted or dysregulated during tuberculosis, and which druggable targets exist in these pathways. This book provides the reader with a roadmap of current and future directions of HDT against tuberculosis. Since the host pathways/factors involved in protective or maladaptive responses to tuberculosis are not disease-specific, information learned from the context of tuberculosis likely will be relevant to other infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Beyond Antibiotics Exploring Host Directed Therapy For Tb
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Author : Jessy
language : en
Publisher: Tredition Gmbh
Release Date : 2024-05-16
Beyond Antibiotics Exploring Host Directed Therapy For Tb written by Jessy and has been published by Tredition Gmbh this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-16 with Medical categories.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health crisis, with drug-resistant strains posing a growing threat. Traditional antibiotics face limitations in treatment length and resistance development. A revolutionary approach called Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) is emerging. HDT doesn't target the bacteria directly, but instead strengthens the body's own defenses against TB. Imagine boosting the immune system's ability to fight the infection and prevent its persistence. This not only tackles existing TB strains but also holds promise for reducing the risk of relapse and the formation of drug-resistant bacteria. Early research on HDT is encouraging. By unlocking the body's natural TB-fighting potential, this approach could revolutionize TB treatment, offering a much-needed weapon in the fight against this devastating disease.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6
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Author : King K. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Nanotechnology Based Approaches For Tuberculosis Treatment
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Author : Prashant Kesharwani
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-10
Nanotechnology Based Approaches For Tuberculosis Treatment written by Prashant Kesharwani and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment discusses multiple nanotechnology-based approaches that may help overcome persisting limitations of conventional and traditional treatments. The book summarizes the types of nano drugs, their synthesis, formulation, characterization and applications, along with the most important administration routes. It also explores recent advances and achievements regarding therapeutic efficacy and provides possible future applications in this field. It will be a useful resource for investigators, pharmaceutical researchers, innovators and scientists working on technology advancements in the areas of targeted therapies, nano scale imaging systems, and diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis. Addresses the gap between nanomedicine late discovery and early development of tuberculosis therapeutics Explores tuberculosis nanomedicine standardization and characterization with newly developed treatment, diagnostic and treatment monitoring modalities Covers the field thoroughly, from the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treatment approaches using nanotechnology and different nanocarriers
Tuberculosis In Adults And Children
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Author : Dorothee Heemskerk
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-17
Tuberculosis In Adults And Children written by Dorothee Heemskerk and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-17 with Medical categories.
This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.
Tuberculosis Drug Discovery And Development 2019
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Author : Giovanna Riccardi
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-11-24
Tuberculosis Drug Discovery And Development 2019 written by Giovanna Riccardi and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-24 with Science categories.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and still represents one of the global health threats to mankind. The World Health Organization estimated more than 10 million new cases and reported more than 1.5 million deaths in 2019, thus ranking TB among the main causes of death due to a single pathogen. Standard anti-TB therapy includes four first-line antibiotics that should be administered for at least six months. However, in the case of multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB, second-line medications must be used and these frequently cause severe side effects resulting in poor compliance. Developing new anti-TB drug candidates is therefore of outmost importance. In this Special Issue dedicated to Tuberculosis Drug Discovery and Development, we present the main and latest achievements in the fields of drug and target discovery, host-directed therapy, anti-virulence drugs, and describe the development of two advanced compounds: macozinone and delpazolid. In addition, this Special Issue provides an historical perspective focused on Carlo Forlanini, the inventor of pneumothorax for TB treatment, and includes an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies which are being exploited nowadays in TB drug development. Finally, a summary of TB vaccines that are either approved or undergoing clinical trials concludes the Special Issue.
Cdc Yellow Book 2018 Health Information For International Travel
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Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-04-17
Cdc Yellow Book 2018 Health Information For International Travel written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-17 with Medical categories.
THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.
What You Need To Know About Infectious Disease
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Author : Madeline Drexler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
What You Need To Know About Infectious Disease written by Madeline Drexler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Janeway S Immunobiology
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Author : Kenneth Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Garland Science
Release Date : 2010-06-22
Janeway S Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and has been published by Garland Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-22 with Medical categories.
The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.