Neural Basis Of Depth Perception From Motion Parallax
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Neural Basis Of Depth Perception From Motion Parallax
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Author : HyungGoo R.. Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Neural Basis Of Depth Perception From Motion Parallax written by HyungGoo R.. Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Depth perception categories.
"When we move through the world, the motion of objects provides a sufficient cue for depth perception. For accurate depth measurements, the brain needs to resolve the depth-sign of objects (that is, whether the object is near or far relative to fixation). This is no easy task as depth-sign can be ambiguous based solely on visual motion. MT neurons are selective for depth-sign from motion parallax by combining retinal inputs and eye movement signals. We addressed three fundamental questions about how the brain uses motion parallax to code depth information. In the first experiment, we asked whether MT neurons are functionally linked to the perception of depth from motion parallax. Responses were recorded while macaque monkeys judged the depth-sign of visual stimuli containing motion parallax cues. We found that trial-by-trial variability of neural responses was correlated with the animal's perceptual decisions in the discrimination task. Greater responses predicted choices toward the depth preference of the recorded neurons. These results provide evidence that MT neurons may be involved in the perception of depth from motion parallax. In the second study, we investigated the nature of response modulation by eye movements. Direction-dependent modulation by eye movements yields the depth-sign selectivity of MT neurons. Responses of near-preferring neurons are suppressed when the eye moves toward the anti-preferred direction of neuron, whereas responses of far-preferring neurons are suppressed during eye movements toward the preferred direction. This response modulation exhibited both multiplicative and additive components, but the depth-sign selectivity of neurons was predicted only by the multiplicative gain change component. Using computer simulations, we show that a population of gain-modulated MT neurons can compute depth from motion parallax. Movement of an observer produces large background motion. In the third study, we hypothesized that neurons can use a visual consequence of self-motion (dynamic perspective cues) to compute depth-sign from motion parallax. We show that MT neurons can disambiguate depth-sign based on large-field background motion, in the absence of eye movements, and that these depth-sign preferences are correlated with those obtained when the animal is physically translated. MT neurons also contribute to depth perception from binocular disparity. It is likely that both eye movements and large field motion modulate MT responses to binocular images in a systematic way to encode the 3D spatial information of objects. These insights provide a deeper understanding of 3D information processing during navigation"--Pages v-vi.
Motion Parallax Defined Segmentation And Depth Perception In Human Vision
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Author : Ahmad Yoonessi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Motion Parallax Defined Segmentation And Depth Perception In Human Vision written by Ahmad Yoonessi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Furthermore, eye movements were independent of the actual stimulus motion for shear, whereas they showed some dependence in dynamic occlusion. Psychophysical performance was significantly correlated with the accuracy of eye movements, primarily in the mid-range values of rendered depth. Taken together, these studies demonstrated distinct patterns of results for segmentation and depth performance across different ranges of rendered depth. These findings suggest that motion parallax information might be processed by distinct mechanisms, perhaps in separate areas of the visual cortex, depending upon the amount of depth in the visual stimulus." --
The Neural Basis Of Binocular Depth Perception
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Author : Matthew Lindsay Patten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Neural Basis Of Binocular Depth Perception written by Matthew Lindsay Patten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
How does the human visual system convert two-dimensional projections from our eyes into a three-dimensional percept? One primary method is from binocular disparities, which result from having two horizontally separated eyes and are used to provide a powerful cue to depth in our environment. In this thesis, I use human fMRI to investigate the cortical signals associated with binocular disparity. I address several core issues, including the relationship between cortical activity and perception, the significance of the reference plane on depth configurations, and the topography of disparity signals on the cortical surface. In measuring responses to coarse and fine disparities, researchers typically engage two respective tasks: a signal-in-noise and a feature difference task. In the first chapter, we decouple the disparity magnitude from the perceptual task and examine cortical responses to both of these tasks when using fine disparities. Further, we manipulated performance and identified visual areas whose activity varied in line with perceptual judgments. We reveal that responses in later dorsal regions VIPS and POIPS were closely related to perception for both tasks. In the second chapter, we used a similar manipulation to investigate cortical regions that have solved the correspondence problem and whose responses were consistent with the depth percept of the observer, and reveal that this takes place in V7 and VIPS. The third chapter examines the importance of the reference in disparity calculations. We performed several classifications based on depths that were considered relative to fixation or relative to the surround. We found that early visual areas were most sensitive to disparity edges; dorsal visual areas used both the fixation plane and the surround in computing disparity whereas ventral visual areas processed disparity with reference to the surround. In the fourth chapter, we attempt to identify a topographic organisation of binocular disparity in the visual cortex. We estimate the disparity preferences of each voxel in two distinct ways, and displayed these preferences on a flatmap of the cortical surface. Although we did not observe a topographic map of disparity, we observed a cluster in intermediate dorsal regions (V3A, V3B/KO, V7) that consistently showed a bias towards crossed disparities of a larger magnitude.
Depth Perception Through Motion
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Author : Myron L. Braunstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Depth Perception Through Motion written by Myron L. Braunstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Psychology categories.
Seeing In Depth Depth Perception
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Author : Ian P. Howard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Seeing In Depth Depth Perception written by Ian P. Howard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.
On Improving Depth Perception With Motion Parallax And Occlusion And Its Application To Interactive Displays
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
On Improving Depth Perception With Motion Parallax And Occlusion And Its Application To Interactive Displays written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The Role Of Motion Parallax In Depth Perception
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Author : John Nelson Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
The Role Of Motion Parallax In Depth Perception written by John Nelson Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Depth perception categories.
Neural Basis Of Motion Perception For Visual Navigation
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Author : Saqib Ishaq Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Neural Basis Of Motion Perception For Visual Navigation written by Saqib Ishaq Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Perceiving In Depth Stereoscopic Vision
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Author : Ian P. Howard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Perceiving In Depth Stereoscopic Vision written by Ian P. Howard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Binocular vision categories.
"The proposed three volumes are the latest installment in Ian Howard's amazing ongoing project of providing the most comprehensive review available anywhereof all aspects of how humans and animals perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. The current book set is even more complete in its coverage than the two previous editions have been. With 37 chapters, 1800 illustrations, and 8,000 references, it covers psychophysics, coding, physiology, development of systems and functions, results of deprivation, accommodation, physiology of disparity, binocular fusion and rivalry, binocular correspondence and the horopter, linking binocular images, cyclopean perception, stereo acuity, uses of disparity, stereopsis and perceptual organization, the Pulfrich effect, stereoscopic techniques and applications, distinguishing depth from vergence, perspective, shading, and motion parallax, constancies in visual depth perception, cue integrations, motion in depth, pathology of visual depth perception, animal depth perception, feeling, reaching, and moving, auditory distance perception, electrolocation and the thermal senses, as well as comprehensive coverage of animal navigation that could be a book on its own. Ian Howard's books have become landmarks in the field of vision science, and this current project will definitely maintain the tradition for researchers in space perception, visual neuroscience, ophthalmology, optometry, visual development, animal vision, and computational vision"--
Perceiving In Depth Other Mechanisms Of Depth Perception
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Author : Ian P Howard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Perceiving In Depth Other Mechanisms Of Depth Perception written by Ian P Howard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Depth perception categories.
"The proposed three volumes are the latest installment in Ian Howard's amazing ongoing project of providing the most comprehensive review available anywhereof all aspects of how humans and animals perceive and navigate the three-dimensional world. The current book set is even more complete in its coverage than the two previous editions have been. With 37 chapters, 1800 illustrations, and 8,000 references, it covers psychophysics, coding, physiology, development of systems and functions, results of deprivation, accommodation, physiology of disparity, binocular fusion and rivalry, binocular correspondence and the horopter, linking binocular images, cyclopean perception, stereo acuity, uses of disparity, stereopsis and perceptual organization, the Pulfrich effect, stereoscopic techniques and applications, distinguishing depth from vergence, perspective, shading, and motion parallax, constancies in visual depth perception, cue integrations, motion in depth, pathology of visual depth perception, animal depth perception, feeling, reaching, and moving, auditory distance perception, electrolocation and the thermal senses, as well as comprehensive coverage of animal navigation that could be a book on its own. Ian Howard's books have become landmarks in the field of vision science, and this current project will definitely maintain the tradition for researchers in space perception, visual neuroscience, ophthalmology, optometry, visual development, animal vision, and computational vision"--