Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors And Socioeconomic Inequalities What Are The Links
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Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors And Socioeconomic Inequalities What Are The Links
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Author : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors And Socioeconomic Inequalities What Are The Links written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.
This project identified countries in the Asia Pacific Region that have population-level surveillance data on noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Country teams were then set up to conduct a series of country-specific (re)analyses of the data, using a standardized protocol aimed to provide comparable cross-country analyses to examine the relationships between NCD (behavioral) risk factors and indicators of social disadvantage and socioeconomic status. The report is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 presents a review of the evidence on the relationships between NCD risk factors and socioeconomic status in developed and developing countries. Chapter 2 outlines the methodology for conducting the (re)analysis and provides a detailed summary of the cut-off points for NCD risk factors and socioeconomic status measures used by each country. Chapter 3 presents the country-specific results in terms of prevalence rates and independent associations between risk factors and socioeconomic status measures. Chapter 4 presents the cross-country comparison of associations between risk factors and socioeconomic status measures. Finally, Chapter 5 discusses the policy and programs implications of these results.
Noncommunicable Disease And Poverty
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Author : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2007
Noncommunicable Disease And Poverty written by WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on a review of available literature, this monograph explores the links between poverty and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) with particular reference to the Western Pacific Region. The project was specifically designed to stimulate discussion on the relationship between poverty and NCDs, to contribute to the reduction of the impact of NCDs in developing countries, and to foster an understanding of how to improve health outcomes for the poor or socially marginalized groups with NCDs.
Inequality Inequity And The Rise Of Non Communicable Disease In China
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Author : Timothy Mark Elwell-Sutton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Inequality Inequity And The Rise Of Non Communicable Disease In China written by Timothy Mark Elwell-Sutton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Inequality, Inequity and the Rise of Non-communicable Disease in China" by Timothy Mark, Elwell-Sutton, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Background: Rapid economic growth in mainland China has been accompanied in recent years by rising levels of inequality and a growing burden of non-communicable disease (NCD), though little is known at present about the relations between these forces. This thesis makes use of data from a large sample of older men and women in Guangzhou, one of China''s most developed cities, to examine the relations between inequality, inequity and non-communicable disease. Objectives: This thesis addresses two research questions: what is the relationship between inequality/inequity and non-communicable disease in China; and what are the implications of this relationship for health policy in China. These two questions lead to two working hypotheses: first, that inequalities may be both a cause and consequence of NCDs in China, potentially creating a vicious cycle which reinforces inequality and inequity; and second, that reducing dependence on out of pocket payments as a source of healthcare finance may help to prevent the continuation of the inequality-NCD cycle. Methods: I used data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (GBCS), including 30,499 men and women aged 50 or over from Guangzhou and multi-variable regression methods to examine associations of socioeconomic position at four life stages (childhood, early adulthood, late adulthood and current) with several health outcomes: self-rated health, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metabolic syndrome and markers of immunological inflammation (white blood cells, granulocytes and lymphocytes). These analyses related to the hypothesis that inequalities may be a cause of non-communicable disease in China. I also examined whether inequity may be a consequence of non-communicable disease by measuring whether horizontal inequity (deviation from the principle of equal access to healthcare for equal need) was greater for treatment of NCDs than for general healthcare. I tested this using both concentration index methods and multi-variable regression models. For comparative purposes, I conducted these analyses in data from three settings: Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Scotland (UK). Results: I found that socioeconomic deprivation across the life course was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher risk of COPD, higher white cell and granulocyte cell counts and (in women only) higher risk metabolic syndrome and higher lymphocyte cell counts. I also found evidence of pro-rich inequity in utilisation of treatment for three major non-communicable conditions (hypertension, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia) in Guangzhou, whilst there was no evidence of inequity in general healthcare utilisation (doctor consultations and hospital admissions) or treatment of gastric ulcer. Conclusion: My findings gave qualified support for the idea that socioeconomic inequalities may contribute to some, though not all, non-communicable diseases in China. Moreover, the mechanisms which link socioeconomic inequality to NCDs in China remain unclear. My results also supported the suggestion that a rising burden of non-communicable disease may contribute to greater pro-rich inequity in healthcare utilisation, especially for conditions which are chronic and asymptomatic. As rates of NCDs continue to rise in China and other developing countries, policies to prevent and treat common NCDs may be improved by a clearer understanding of how inequality is related to non-comm
Equity Social Determinants And Public Health Programmes
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2010
Equity Social Determinants And Public Health Programmes written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Health & Fitness categories.
1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.
Communities In Action
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-04-27
Communities In Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-27 with Medical categories.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Social Determinants Of Health In Non Communicable Diseases
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Author : Katsunori Kondo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-11-04
Social Determinants Of Health In Non Communicable Diseases written by Katsunori Kondo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. This open access book is the first compilation that reviews a wide range of social determinants of health (SDHs) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and healthy ageing in Japan. With the highest life expectancy and the largest elderly population in the world, Japan has witnessed health inequality by region and social class becoming more prevalent since the 2000s. The first half of this volume describes in detail major NCDs, such as cancers, heart and kidney diseases, diabetes, stroke, and metabolic syndrome. The second half, on the other hand, explores various SDHs relating to healthy ageing. All chapters review and focus on SDHs, particularly health inequality associated with socio-economic status and social capital, which are widely addressed in the field of social epidemiology. The book makes the argument that “Health for All” advocated by the WHO should be implemented based on social justice and benefits for the greater society. Public health researchers and policymakers, both in Japan and other nations, will gain scientific evidence from this book to prepare for the coming era as ageing becomes a global issue.
Global Status Report On Noncommunicable Diseases 2010
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Global Status Report On Noncommunicable Diseases 2010 written by World Health Organization and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Medical categories.
"This report sets out the statistics, evidence and experiences needed to launch a more forceful response to the growing threat posed by noncommunicable diseases. While advice and recommendations are universally relevant, the report gives particular attention to conditions in low- and middle-income countries, which now bear nearly 80% of the burden from diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The health consequences of the worldwide epidemic of obesity are also addressed. The report takes an analytical approach, using global, regional and country-specific data to document the magnitude of the problem, project future trends, and assess the factors contributing to these trends. As noted, the epidemic of these diseases is being driven by forces now touching every region of the world: demographic aging, rapid unplanned urbanization, and the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles"--Publisher's description.
Oxford Textbook Of Global Public Health
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Author : Roger Detels
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Oxford Textbook Of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Medical categories.
Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline
Tackling Health Inequalities
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Author : Clare Farrell
language : en
Publisher: Combat Poverty Agency
Release Date : 2008
Tackling Health Inequalities written by Clare Farrell and has been published by Combat Poverty Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Health services accessibility categories.
Chronic Non Communicable Diseases In Ghana
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Author : Aikins, Ama de-Graft
language : en
Publisher: Sub-Saharan Publishers
Release Date : 2014-06-12
Chronic Non Communicable Diseases In Ghana written by Aikins, Ama de-Graft and has been published by Sub-Saharan Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-12 with Medical categories.
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes and cancers, are major causes of disability and death in Ghana. NCDs are not only public health problems. They are also developmental problems, because the rising prevalence of long-term chronic conditions has major social and financial implications for affected individuals, families, healthcare providers and the government. This University of Ghana Readers volume from the Regional Institute for Population Studies presents social and medical science research on Ghana's NCD burden. The body of multidisciplinary research spans the last fifty years and offers important insights on NCD prevalence and experience as well as cultural, health systems and policy responses. This volume will be an essential resource for researchers and students in the health sciences, healthcare providers, health policymakers, and lay individuals with an interest in Ghana's contemporary public health challenges.