Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use On College Campuses
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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use On College Campuses
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Author : Jennifer Barber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use On College Campuses written by Jennifer Barber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in prescription drug abuse, particularly among adolescents and young adults. While substance abuse on college campuses has remained a pervasive public health concern, rates of nonmedical prescription drug use surpass commonly abused drugs. The three most commonly abused prescription drugs (central nervous system (CNS) depressants, opioids, and stimulants) were assessed to identify differences among student characteristics, as well as their relationship with abuse. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a secondary analysis to explore demographic variables (race, gender, academic performance, living arrangement, alcohol and other drug usage, and affiliation with a fraternity/sorority) and their relationship with nonmedical prescription drug use. Also, this study aims to identify potential strategies and provide suggestions to address nonmedical prescription drug abuse for future interventions. Methods: Data was obtained from the 2009 National College Health Assessment. The study consisted of n = 1,417 undergraduate students attending Virginia Commonwealth University. Initially, overall prevalence rates for past-year illicit use of prescription CNS depressant, opioids, and stimulant use were examined. Bivariate analyses were conducted to identify differences among users and nonusers for each class of prescription drug using Pearson's Chi-Square test of significance. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine associations between these demographics and illicit use of each prescription drug. Interactions between individual demographics and drug use were also examined. Results: The past year prevalence use of nonmedical prescription central nervous system depressants, opioids, and stimulants use were 4, 11.2, and 8.7% respectively. According to bivariate analyses, nonmedical use was higher among certain college students, however characteristics varied by type of prescription drug. Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that students living off campus (OR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.35) and reported use of alcohol (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.21, 12.64) and marijuana (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.28, 8.54) were more likely to use prescription depressants. Students with a GPA of a C or lower (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.17), and reported use of marijuana (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.22, 4.78) were more likely to use prescription opioids. Nonmedical prescription stimulant use was highest among White students (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.30) with a GPA of a B or lower (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.28, 3.30) and reported lifetime use of alcohol (OR = 7.96, 95% CI = (2.50, 25.41). Conclusions: The results of this study provide insight into the demographic variables and their relationship with nonmedical prescription drug abuse. The findings have important implications for identifying potential strategies to address nonmedical prescription drug abuse and will assist in the development of targeted and tailored interventions.
A Survey Of College Students Non Medical Prescription Druge Use
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Author : Lidia K. Sikora
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
A Survey Of College Students Non Medical Prescription Druge Use written by Lidia K. Sikora and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with College students categories.
The non-medical use of prescription medication is a growing concern in the country, effecting individuals of all ages and is especially rising among high school and college students. Using a self-administered survey, the present study explored the nature of non-medical prescription drug use in a sample of 209 college students. The present study analyzed frequency and type of non-medical prescription drug use by students, reasons for use, perceived safety of use, age at first use, source for obtaining the drugs, as well as parental use. Overall, 26% of participants had engaged in non-medical prescription drug use at least once in their lifetime. The analysis indicated that misperceptions about safety of use are associated with non-medical use of prescription drugs. There was no significant relationship between witnessing a parent engaging in non-medical use of prescription medication and participant's non-medical use of prescription medication. This study suggested that misperception about safety of non-medical use of prescription medication may lead to non-medical use of prescription medication among college students. This knowledge may increase the ability to implement proper policies and procedures that may reduce the rising non-medical use of prescription medications among college students.
College Drinking And Drug Use
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Author : Helene Raskin White
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2011-12-07
College Drinking And Drug Use written by Helene Raskin White and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-07 with Psychology categories.
Substance use among college students can result in serious academic and safety problems and have long-term negative repercussions. This state-of-the-art volume draws on the latest research on students’ alcohol and drug use to provide useful suggestions for how to address this critical issue on college campuses. Leading researchers from multiple disciplines examine the prevalence and nature of substance use by students; biological and neuropsychological considerations; psychological and social aspects; prevention; and policy. Exemplary programs are presented—including brief interventions, comprehensive prevention programs, and recovery support programs—enhancing the utility of the book for campus-based clinicians and administrators.
Pills Patches And Syrups Oh My
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Author : Kristin Ann Cutler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Pills Patches And Syrups Oh My written by Kristin Ann Cutler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
National surveys on substance use indicate that the prevalence of non-medical prescription drug use is now greater than the prevalence of illicit drugs other than marijuana (National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2008). Of the persons misusing prescription drugs, young adults, aged 18-25 report the highest prevalence of misuse, with males and females misusing these drugs at comparable rates. This absence of a gender-gap in the misuse of prescription drugs runs counter to data on the misuse and abuse of illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy and heroin) and on problem alcohol use which indicate that men use and abuse these substances at a much higher rate than women. Studies on prescription drug use also indicate that being a college student is a risk factor for prescription drug abuse and misuse and show that on the most "prescription prone" college campuses 1 in 4 students are misusing prescription drugs (McCabe, Boyd, and Teter, 2006). This study provides an in-depth analysis of college men's and women's opportunities, motivations and justifications for non-medical prescription drug use. Qualitative methodological techniques were used in the form of semi-structured, open-ended interviews with individuals 18-25 years of age attending a large, public University in the Northwest. The analyses are informed by social learning, sub-cultural, and gendered theories of offending that emphasize the importance of learned motives and techniques of acquiring and appropriately using prescription drugs. Gender similarities and differences in key aspects of the "context of offending" are also identified including reasons for using prescription drugs, opportunities and methods for obtaining these drugs and diversion efforts.
Ethnic Identity As A Predictor Of Non Medical Prescription Drug Misuse Among A College Population
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Author : James R. Carter
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Ethnic Identity As A Predictor Of Non Medical Prescription Drug Misuse Among A College Population written by James R. Carter and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with College students categories.
Non-medical prescription drug (NMPD) misuse remains a persistent problem on college campuses. This study examines NMPD use within the context of ethnic identity theory, a component of Social Identity Theory. We propose that a stronger sense of ethnic identity may reduce the likelihood of NMPD use among college students due to ethnic identity's ties to self-esteem and self-efficacy. We also propose that the protective power of ethnic identity may vary according to one's race. Data for this study was collected from a survey of undergraduate students at a Midwestern university, with a final sample size of 544. Poisson regression analysis was used to test the relationship between ethnic identity and NMPD use. Results indicate that a stronger sense of ethnic identity can reduce the frequency of prescription drug abuse among young adults. The findings also indicate that the relationship between ethnic identity and prescription drug abuse is moderated by race. Ethnic identity was found to be a protective factor for nonwhite participants only. This study suggests that a sense of ethnic belonging may act as a protective factor against the use of prescription drugs among young adults. These findings build upon our understanding of ethnic identity and substance abuse, while indicating potential directions for intervention programs.
Assessing The Prevalence Of Non Medical Prescription Drug Use Among College Students
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Author : Gentry Schaffer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Assessing The Prevalence Of Non Medical Prescription Drug Use Among College Students written by Gentry Schaffer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with College students categories.
Nonmedical Use Of Over The Counter And Prescription Medications Among University Students From A Midwest University
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Author : Vi T. Le
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Nonmedical Use Of Over The Counter And Prescription Medications Among University Students From A Midwest University written by Vi T. Le and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Background: Nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is a serious public health issue on college campuses due to its effect on morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have explored risk factors associated with NMUPD among college students, but less is known concerning nonmedical use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Methods: The study population (n=939) was ascertained from a 2011 survey measuring NMUPD and nonmedical use of OTC medications among a random sample of students attending a Midwest university. We used odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify the association between past-year nonmedical use of OTC medications (never vs. ever) and NMUPD (never vs. ever). Secondary analyses explored the association between the nonmedical use of OTC stimulants and prescription stimulants, OTC sleep aids and prescription central nervous system (CNS) depressants (consisting of sleep aids, tranquilizers, and sedatives), and OTC medications and poly-prescription drug abuse (i.e. abuse of more than one class of prescription medication). Results: The majority of respondents were female (59.7%), undergraduates (69.2%), white Caucasian (75.2%), and not affiliated with Greek life (92.2%). Past-year NMUPD was reported by 21.4% of participants while 11.1% reported nonmedical use of any OTC medications. Past-year poly-prescription abuse was reported by 6.1% of participants. Nonmedical use of OTC medications was significantly associated with NMUPD in unadjusted analyses and after adjustment for gender, age, race/ethnicity, and affiliation with Greek life (adjusted OR [AOR]: 3.37; 95% CI: 2.17, 5.23). When stratified by drug class, nonmedical use of OTC stimulants was associated with prescription stimulant abuse (AOR: 7.27, 95% CI: 3.10, 17.1), and nonmedical use of OTC sleep aids was associated with prescription CNS depressant abuse (AOR: 7.22, 95% CI: 3.34, 15.7). Nonmedical use of OTC medications was also significantly associated with poly- prescription abuse (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 2.00, 7.24). Conclusion: Nonmedical use of OTC medications is significantly associated with NMUPD, as well as poly-prescription drug abuse. Further studies should focus on the potential conversion from OTC medication abuse to prescription abuse.
Non Medical Use Of Prescription Drugs Stress Cultural Orientation Utilization Of Healthcare And Protective Factors Among College Students In China
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Author : Cheuk Chi Tam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Non Medical Use Of Prescription Drugs Stress Cultural Orientation Utilization Of Healthcare And Protective Factors Among College Students In China written by Cheuk Chi Tam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Background: Non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) refers to the use of prescription drugs which are traditionally utilized to manage pain or treat psychiatric problems but without a doctor's prescription. In 2010, an investigation by the Substance Use and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) revealed that 5.3% of young adults (18 to 25-year-olds) in the United States reported past-month NMUPD. NMUPD has become a growing concern owing to associations with consequences such as college dropout, poor academic achievement, and health jeopardizing behaviors. College students' NMUPD has been well documented in the United States. Limited studies, however, have been conducted among college students in China. The purposes of this study are to examine the prevalence and motives of NMUPD among college students in China, and to assess its relationship with stress (i.e., perceived stress and traumatic events), mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), utilization of healthcare, cultural orientation, and protective factors (i.e., resilience and future orientation). Methods: In Jan-April 2017, online data were collected using SONA system from a total of 720 undergraduates at Beijing Normal University (BNU) and University of Macau (UM) with an average age of 19.65. All participants reported their nonmedical use of prescription drugs (i.e., opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and anxiolytics) in their lifetime and the past three months, stress, mental health, utilization of healthcare, cultural orientation, and protective factors. Spearman's rank-order corrections and logistic regression were employed for statistical analyses. Results: Findings indicate that 41.2% of Chinese students reported taking prescription drugs without a doctor's prescription. The most commonly misused prescription drugs were opioids (40.5% lifetime use, 31.8% past-three-months use), followed by sedatives (1.8% lifetime, 0.8% past 3 months), anxiolytics (0.9% lifetime,0 .3% past three months), and stimulants (0.2% lifetime, 0% past three months). Bivariate analyses suggest significantly positive correlations of lifetime NMUPD with mental health problems (anxiety and PTSD), cultural orientation (individualism and collectivism), and utilization of healthcare (frequency of healthcare use, time spent for healthcare, and money spent for healthcare). Similar results were found in terms of past-three-month NMUPD. The results of logistic regressions indicate the significant association of lifetime NMUPD with individualism of cultural orientation, and frequency of healthcare use. Specially, individualism, frequency of healthcare use, and time spent for healthcare were found to be associated with lifetime opioid misuse, and depression was significantly associated with sedative misuse. Resilience was negatively associated with lifetime sedative misuse. Frequency of healthcare use was also found to be positively associated with past-three-month opioid misuse. Conclusion: Utilization of healthcare, cultural orientation, and mental health problems appear to be the factors associated with NMUPD among college students at BNU and UM. More discussion is needed in Chinese society about regulation of prescription drug use. Future culturally-tailored prevention intervention programs may be beneficial to reduce the risk of NMUPD among Chinese college students.
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use
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Author : Gabriele Camera
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use written by Gabriele Camera and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
College Drinking And Drug Use
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Author : Helene Raskin White
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2011-11-14
College Drinking And Drug Use written by Helene Raskin White and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-14 with Education categories.
Substance use among college students can result in serious academic and safety problems and have long-term negative repercussions. This state-of-the-art volume draws on the latest research on students' alcohol and drug use to provide useful suggestions for how to address this critical issue on college campuses. Leading researchers from multiple disciplines examine the prevalence and nature of substance use by students; biological and neuropsychological considerations; psychological and social aspects; prevention; and policy. Exemplary programs are presented -- including brief interventions, comprehensive prevention programs, and recovery support programs -- enhancing the utility of the book for campus-based clinicians and administrators. This title is part of The Duke Series in Child Development and Public Policy, edited by Kenneth A. Dodge and Martha Putallaz.