Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites
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Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites
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Author : Wang Huiyong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Novel Improvements On The Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Metabolites written by Wang Huiyong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Extraction (Chemistry) categories.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are important environmental pollutants originating from a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Because many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer, chemical analysis of PAH is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Current methodology for PAH follows the classical pattern of sample preparation and chromatographic analysis. Sample preparation pre-concentrates PAH, simplifies matrix composition, and facilitates analytical resolution in the chromatographic column. Among the several approaches that exist to pre-concentrate PAH from water samples, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are the basis for standard PAH identification and determination. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption and room temperature fluorescence detection are both widely used in HPLC, but the specificity of these detectors is modest. Since PAH identification is solely based on retention times, unambiguous PAH identification requires complete chromatographic resolution of sample components. When HPLC is applied to "unfamiliar" samples, the EPA recommends that a supporting analytical technique such as GC-MS be applied to verify compound identification and to check peak-purity HPLC fractions. Independent of the volume of extracted water, the approximate time required to separate and determine the sixteen "priority pollutants" (EPA-PAH) via HPLC is approximately 60min. If additional GC-MS analysis is required for unambiguous PAH determination, the total analysis time will reach 2-3 hours per sample. If the concentrations of target species are found to lie outside the detector's response range, the sample must be diluted and the process repeated. These are important considerations when routine analysis of numerous samples is contemplated. Parent PAH are relatively inert and need metabolic activation to express their carcinogenicity. By virtue of the rich heterogeneous distribution of metabolic products they produce, PAH provide a full spectrum of the complexity associated with understanding the initial phase of carcinogenesis. PAH metabolites include a variety of products such as expoxides, hydroxyl aromatics, quinines, dihydrodiols, dioepoxides, tetrols and water soluble conjugates. During the past decades tremendous efforts have been made to develop bio-analytical techniques that possess the selectivity and sensitivity for the problem at hand. Depending on the complexity of the sample and the relative concentrations of the targeted metabolites, a combination of sample preparation techniques is often necessary to reach the limits of detection of the instrumental method of analysis. The numerous preparation steps open ample opportunity to metabolite loss and collection of inaccurate data. Separation of metabolites has been accomplished via HPLC, capillary electrophoresis (CE) and GC-MS. Unfortunately, the existence of chemically related metabolic products with virtually identical fragmentation patterns often challenges the specificity of these techniques. This dissertation presents significant improvements in various fronts. Its first original component--which we have named solid-phase nano-extraction (SPNE)--deals with the use of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as extracting material for PAH. The advantages of SPNE are demonstrated for the analysis of PAH in water samples via both HPLC and Laser-Excited Time-Resolved Shpol'skii Spectroscopy (LETRSS). The same concept is then extended to the analysis of monohydroxy-PAH in urine samples via SPE- HPLC and In-Capillary SPNE-CE. The second original component of this dissertation describes the application of Shpol'skii Spectroscopy to the analysis of polar PAH metabolites. The outstanding selectivity and sensitivity for the direct analysis of PAH at trace concentration levels has made Shpol'skii spectroscopy a leading technique in environmental analysis. Unfortunately, the requirement of a specific guest-host combination--typically a non-polar PAH dissolved in an n-alkane-- has hindered its widespread application to the field of analytical chemistry. This dissertation takes the first steps in removing this limitation demonstrating its feasibility for the analysis of polar benzopyrene metabolites in alcohol matrixes.
Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Bjorseth
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1985-12-06
Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Bjorseth and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume concerns sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), their emission factors, and relative importance. It deals with exposure, uptake, metabolism, and detection of PAH in the human body. The volume contains an update of information in environmental and biochemical studies of PAH.
Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
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Author : Milton Lee
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds written by Milton Lee and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds focuses on the chemical and physical properties of the polycyclic aromatic compounds, critically evaluating various chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This book discusses how gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography can be both competitive and complementary analytical methods. Ancillary techniques of both are emphasized for the structural elucidation of individual polycyclic aromatic compounds in complex mixtures. The merits of spectroscopic methods in both structural work and quantitation are also described. This text likewise provides background information concerning the chemistry, occurrence, and toxicology of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including the isolation of polycyclic aromatic compounds from a wide variety of materials and matrices. This publication is recommended to scientists involved with the study of polycyclic aromatic compounds, analysts who need to acquire routine data, and individuals charged with formulating environmental policies and drafting regulations.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Ronald G. Harvey
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1991-11-07
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-11-07 with Medical categories.
This 1991 volume was the first to review the chemical properties of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Large C 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : John C. Fetzer
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2000-08-28
Large C 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by John C. Fetzer and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-28 with Science categories.
Polycyclische aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAHs) gehören zu den ersten Chemikalien, die als krebserregend für den Menschen erkannt wurden. Erstmals werden in diesem Buch PAHs mit mehr als sieben Ringen auf modernem Stand systematisch abgehandelt. Spezielle Kapitel beschäftigen sich mit Probenvorbereitung und -handling; auch ein Vergleich verschiedener Analyseverfahren ist enthalten. Besonders nützlich für den Laboralltag ist ein ausführlicher Anhang mit Strukturformeln sowie UV-Absorptions- und Fluoreszenz-Emissionsspektren von fast 50 Verbindungen.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Ronald G. Harvey
language : en
Publisher: VCH Publishers
Release Date : 1997
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Ronald G. Harvey and has been published by VCH Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons categories.
A resurgence of interest in the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been stimulated by the discovery of the fullerenes and the identification of the active metabolites of the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons. PAHs are widespread environmental pollutants. Improved understanding of their mechanisms of carcinogenesis has important implications for human cancer. PAHs also are finding increasing application in the synthesis of dyes, drugs, and numerous other types of compounds. This volume is a timely, comprehensive survey of the chemistry of PAHs. It brings together in a single volume all essential information on the physical and spectral properties, methods of synthesis, chemical reactions, and molecular structures of a broad range of polyarenes, both alternant and nonalternant. A total of 358 ring systems are covered, 233 of which are nonalternant PAH compounds. This is the most complete account of the chemistry of PAHs currently available.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Kazuichi Hayakawa
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-05
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Kazuichi Hayakawa and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-05 with Medical categories.
This book reviews Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) contamination in the context of environmental pollution in Asia. It is comprised of the following sections: 1. Fundamental Chemistry and General Characteristics; 2. Analytical Methods; 3. Emission Source and Atmospheric Behavior; 4. Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and PM2.5; 5. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Environments; 6. Metabolic Activation/Toxicities; and 7. Environmental Standards and Guidelines. This volume concentrates on the Far East due to the massive consumption of coal and petroleum in China, which has led to considerable levels of air pollution. High concentration of atmospheric PM2.5 in Beijing have been reported since January 2013 and exposure to such high concentrations may cause respiratory, cardiac and lung diseases. Gathering contributions from international experts, this volume provides a valuable reference guide for global researchers and students interested in learning from the East Asian experience.
Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Guilherme C. Bandeira
language : en
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Handbook Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Guilherme C. Bandeira and has been published by Nova Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons categories.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are high molecular weight, aromatic compounds containing two or more benzene rings joined together in different ways. They belong to a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs); are resistant to degradation; and can remain in the environment for long periods with the potential to cause adverse environmental and health effects. This book discusses the chemistry, occurrence and health issues related to PAHs. Topics include PAHs in foods and herbal medicines; biomonitoring of PAHs by pine needles; thermodynamics and phase behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixtures; occurrence of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in cephalopods; children environmentally exposed to PAHs and at risk of genotoxic effects; analysis of PAHs in environmental solid samples; the chemical and electronic properties of PAHs; and the determination of PAHs in drinking water sources.
Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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Author : Milton L. Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Analytical Chemistry Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Milton L. Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Aromatic compounds categories.
Handbook Of Analytical And Spectral Data For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Benzo A Pyrene And Its Metabolites
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Handbook Of Analytical And Spectral Data For Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Benzo A Pyrene And Its Metabolites written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Benzopyrene categories.