Obesity In The Early Childhood Years
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Obesity In The Early Childhood Years
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-05-23
Obesity In The Early Childhood Years written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-23 with Medical categories.
Among the many troubling aspects of the rising prevalence of obesity in the United States and elsewhere in recent years, the growth of early childhood overweight and obesity stands out. To explore what is known about effective and innovative interventions to counter obesity in young children, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a workshop in October 2015. The workshop brought together many of the leading researchers on obesity in young children to describe the state of the science and potential solutions based on that research. Participants explored sustainable collaborations and new insights into the implementation of interventions and policies, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, for the treatment and prevention of obesity in young children. Obesity in the Early Childhood Years summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Examining A Developmental Approach To Childhood Obesity
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-09-08
Examining A Developmental Approach To Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-08 with Medical categories.
Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. To explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.
Early Years Nutrition And Healthy Weight
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Author : Laura Stewart
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-02-11
Early Years Nutrition And Healthy Weight written by Laura Stewart and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-11 with Medical categories.
Early Years Nutrition and Healthy Weight focuses on the early years of childhood as a key period in which eating and exercise habits are formed. Combining current evidence with practical advice, an international group of health specialists advise on the avoidance and management of childhood obesity. They look at key risk areas such as early sedentary behaviour, parental influences and underlying medical causes, and also investigate practical interventions including advice during pregnancy, parenting strategies, and prevention during pre-school and the early school years. This practical handbook contains vital information and advice for all nutritionists and dietitians working with young children and families. It will also be a valuable text for health visitors, paediatricians and general practitioners, and students of nutrition and dietetics specialising in paediatric nutrition. Key features: Only practitioner handbook dedicated to the early years of childhood as the key to ensuring healthy weight in later life Covers pregnancy through to pre-school and early school years interventions Also addresses the social and psychological issues that underpin nutritional problems International group of expert authors consider the issue across the developed world Case studies in each chapter illustrate the application of theory to practice
Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-10-31
Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-31 with Medical categories.
Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.
Realising The Potential Of Early Childhood Education Environments For Obesity Prevention
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Author : Sarah Gerritsen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Realising The Potential Of Early Childhood Education Environments For Obesity Prevention written by Sarah Gerritsen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Children categories.
Objectives: Young children increasingly attend out-of-home, group-based care, and early-life interventions appear to be the most efficacious and cost-effective to prevent obesity. Consequently, early childhood education (ECE) is recognized internationally as an important setting in governmental responses to obesity. This thesis evaluates the nutrition and physical activity environments for 3- and 4-year-olds in New Zealand ECE services, and determines the effect of ECE environments on the development of overweight and obesity in early childhood. Methods: An online survey in 2014 of 257 (30% of) ECE services in three regions of New Zealand collected information on nutrition and physical activity policy and practices. Features of the environment were evaluated against best practice for obesity prevention. Indicators were grouped into domains and summarized into a composite index, based on Harrison et al's Six C's ecological systems theory. Data were linked with the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal cohort to create a subsample of ~1000 children with which to explore 1) adherence to recommended nutrition-related behaviours in the home and ECE setting, and 2) associations between the quality of ECE nutrition and activity environments and body size at 4-years of age. Descriptive statistics with tests for difference (by type of service, neighbourhood deprivation, roll size, ratio of teachers to children, percentage of fully trained teachers, proportion of Māori and Pacific students), multivariate regression and multilevel modelling were employed to build a new Six Cs model representing the relationship between ECE environments and early childhood overweight. Results: Overall, there was wide variation in nutrition and activity environments across the ECE sector in New Zealand, not always attributable to service characteristics, although some statistical differences were found in policies and practices by type of service. Services enrolled in the Heart Foundation's Healthy Heart Award performed statistically better on most indicators, including the composite index, compared to services not engaged with the programme. ECE managers reported having adequate equipment, space and time to promote physical activity in their service, however there was an absence of policy regarding active movement and few 'physical activity champions'. Over 80% of services had a written healthy food or nutrition policy, but policies were not comprehensive or strongly-worded when compared with policies in similar studies in the US and Australia. Over half of services provided food daily to children, with one-third serving lunch and at least two snacks. Of the 57 full menus analysed, only 5% met all 10 nutrition guidelines (mean score of 6.8 out of 10). Teachers talked to children about food, and baked or cooked with children, at least weekly in 60% of services. Nine out of every 10 services had an edible garden. Food or beverages were sold for fundraising in the past 12 months by 37% of services. The most commonly reported barrier to promoting nutrition was a lack of support from parents and families (19% of all services). Adherence to recommended nutrition-related behaviours by ECE services (e.g. sitting with children to eat, talking to children about food, and not hurrying meals) had no relationship with adherence to these behaviours in the home. Children from deprived communities were more likely to attend a service with high adherence to recommended nutrition-related behaviours compared to children living in the least deprived communities (20% and 12% respectively), although there were no differences in adherence at home by socioeconomic position. In the multilevel modelling, 7% of the variation in child body size at 54-months of age was attributed to the ECE setting. However, there were no associations between body size at 4 years and any of the ECE-level indicators collected in the survey. Being Pacific ethnicity, having a mother that did not attend university, and living in an area of high deprivation all independently increased the risk of overweight at 4-years of age regardless of the quality of the ECE environment. Conclusions and implications: Statistical analyses in this thesis suggest that ECE services are unlikely to affect childhood obesity in isolation. However, ECE services are an essential setting for a comprehensive approach to obesity, to inspire and support parental and community efforts to provide healthy food and activity opportunities. The thesis elucidates four areas for action within the New Zealand ECE sector: 1. staff education and professional development in nutrition and physical activity; 2. strengthening nutrition and activity policies; 3. improving the quantity of serves of 'everyday' foods in ECE services on menus, in lunchboxes, and at celebrations; and 4. eliminating discretionary foods from meals and snacks (menus and lunchboxes), and having appropriate serving sizes for discretionary foods at celebrations if served. Additionally, a baseline scorecard of NZ's implementation of recommendations from the World Health Organization's Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity highlights the inadequacy of current government policy. Policy options include changes to ECE licensing regulations, prelicensing checks, education reviews, the self-review process, and monitoring or auditing of ECE services. With some of the highest childhood obesity rates in the world, there is "an urgent need to act now" to improve ECE environments in New Zealand, ensuring that they work in collaboration with parents, family and the wider community to uphold basic rights for children to adequate nutrition and the highest attainable standard of health.
Examining A Developmental Approach To Childhood Obesity
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Author : Food and Nutrition Board
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2015-09-08
Examining A Developmental Approach To Childhood Obesity written by Food and Nutrition Board and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-08 with Medical categories.
Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. To explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.
Healthy Children
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Author : Smita Guha
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2017-11-15
Healthy Children written by Smita Guha and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-15 with Education categories.
This book is geared towards educators, teachers, administrators and parents of young children especially with health issues. The book will contribute to the literature in the field focusing on national and international concern about childhood obesity, highlighting the problems with obesity pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes etc. Specifically, the book will provide research findings that children who are healthy do better cognitively, socially, emotionally, and, of course, physically. The focus of the book is to provide evidence based strategies to assist parents and educators to foster healthy weight gain in children and empower children to be active agents of change in their own health behavior. Leading a healthy life helps children live a higher quality of life. The book will provide a model that can be implemented at home and in school. The model will encompass nutrition education for children. Music will be a significant part in this model that will encourage children to sing and dance to the beat. Team and individual sports and games will be an integral part of the book, focusing on being active and avoiding sedentary behavior.
Preventing Childhood Obesity
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-01-31
Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-31 with Medical categories.
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Obesity In The Early Childhood Years
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-06-23
Obesity In The Early Childhood Years written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-23 with Medical categories.
Among the many troubling aspects of the rising prevalence of obesity in the United States and elsewhere in recent years, the growth of early childhood overweight and obesity stands out. To explore what is known about effective and innovative interventions to counter obesity in young children, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a workshop in October 2015. The workshop brought together many of the leading researchers on obesity in young children to describe the state of the science and potential solutions based on that research. Participants explored sustainable collaborations and new insights into the implementation of interventions and policies, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, for the treatment and prevention of obesity in young children. Obesity in the Early Childhood Years summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Obesity And Skill Attainment In Early Childhood
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Author : John Cawley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Obesity And Skill Attainment In Early Childhood written by John Cawley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
This paper investigates the association between obesity and skill attainment in early childhood (aged 2-4 years). Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study are used to estimate models of developmental functioning in four critical areas (verbal skills, activities of daily living, motor skills, and social skills) as a function of various measures of weight (including body mass index and obesity) controlling for a rich set of child, parent, and family characteristics. The findings indicate that, among boys, obesity is associated with reduced verbal skills, social skills, motor skills, and activities of daily living. Among girls, obesity is associated with reduced verbal skills. Further investigations show that the correlations exist even for those preschool children who spend no time in day care, which implies that it cannot be due solely to discrimination by teachers, classmates, or day care providers.