Olfactory Imprinting And Homing In Salmon
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Olfactory Imprinting And Homing In Salmon
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Author : A.D. Hasler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Olfactory Imprinting And Homing In Salmon written by A.D. Hasler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Chance Favors Only the Prepared Mind How does a scientist go about the task of pushing back the curtains of the unknown? Certainly the romance of tackling the mysteries of nature provides the motivation, for who would not be inspired by the remarkable life history of this romantic beast, the salmon. After living in the Pacific Ocean for several years, salmon swim thousands of kilometers back to the stream of their birth to spawn. I have always been fascinated by the homing migration of salmon. Noone who has seen a 20-kilogram salmon fling itself into the air repeatedly until it is exhausted in a vain effort to surmount a waterfall can fail to marvel at the strength of the instinct that draws the salmon upriver to the stream where it was born. But how does it find its way back? I was puzzling over this problem during a family vacation in 1946. Inspired by the work of the great German Nobel Laureates, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz, I had been conducting research with my graduate student Theodore Walker, since 1945, on the ability of fishes to discriminate odors emanating from aquatic plants. Von Frisch had studied schooling minnows and discovered that, if broken, their skin emitted a con specific chemical substance, termed Schreckstoff, which caused other members of its school to disperse and hide.
Behavioral And Biochemical Mechanisms Of Olfactory Imprinting And Homing By Coho Salmon
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Author : Andrew Harris Dittman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Behavioral And Biochemical Mechanisms Of Olfactory Imprinting And Homing By Coho Salmon written by Andrew Harris Dittman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Coho salmon categories.
Olfactory Imprinting And Memory In Salmonids
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Author : Jon Charles Cooper
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Olfactory Imprinting And Memory In Salmonids written by Jon Charles Cooper and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Imprinting (Psychology) categories.
Amino Acid Mixtures Are Imprinting And Homing Odorants For Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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Author : Marcus H. Welker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Amino Acid Mixtures Are Imprinting And Homing Odorants For Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar written by Marcus H. Welker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
"Atlantic salmon imprint on streams as juveniles and undergo long distance homing migrations back to their natal streams years later to reproduce. Dissolved free amino acids (DFAAs) in streams have been identified as a likely olfactory imprinting cue used by salmon. To test if DFAAs act as imprinting odorants for Atlantic salmon, we exposed juveniles to five DFAAs known to naturally occur in Atlantic salmon streams. Exposure to the "imprinting DFAA mixture" occurred during the parr-smolt transformation (PST), a critical imprinting period that occurs when fish migrate from their natal stream to a lake or ocean. We explored four DFAA treatments to better characterize the timing and duration of imprinting during the PST: continuous (March 30-May 25), early (March 30-April 13), peak (April 27-May 11), and control (no DFAAs added). Behavioral responses to the imprinting DFAA mixture versus five novel DFAAs were tested in a two-choice maze during the fall homing migration period two-and-a-half years later, when the fish were three years old. Of 321 fish tested in the maze, 117 swan into a maze arm indicating a preference for a DFAA mixture. Fish from DFAA exposed treatments preferred the imprinting DFAA mixture versus novel DFAA mixture (X21=3.25, p=0.04). Fish from the control treatment showed no preference for either DFAA mixture (X21=0.04, p=0.42). Small sample size limited inference on timing of imprinting during the PST, but it appeared DFAA exposed fish from the continuous (X21=1.96, p=0.08) and early (X21=1.86, p=0.09) treatments preferred the imprinting of DFAA mixture while peak treatment (X21=0.04, p=0.26) fish showed no preference for either DFAA mixture. These results provide behavioral evidence that mixtures of DFAAs are viable olfactory imprinting odorants for Atlantic salmon to use in homing to their natal stream."
Physiological Aspects Of Imprinting And Homing Migration In Salmon Emerging Research And Opportunities
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Author : Ueda, Hiroshi
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2020-01-03
Physiological Aspects Of Imprinting And Homing Migration In Salmon Emerging Research And Opportunities written by Ueda, Hiroshi and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Salmon are one of the most popular and commonly eaten fish and are among the most important fishery resources in the world. They are born and die in fresh water but can live in both fresh water and seawater where they migrate between rivers and oceans, showing amazing abilities to home to their natal stream precisely. However, their dynamic life cycles and mysterious abilities of natal stream imprinting and homing migration are not well understood. Physiological Aspects of Imprinting and Homing Migration in Salmon: Emerging Researches and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that introduces the dynamic and complicated life cycle of salmon connected with fish migration and climate changes and presents physiological mechanisms of natal stream imprinting and homing in salmon with special references to hormone, olfaction, memory, and behavior. Additionally, salmon resources concerning salmon commercial fisheries, aquaculture, and global propagation systems are discussed. This book is ideally designed for ichthyologists, environmentalists, pisciculture professionals, fisheries, marine biologists, scientists, researchers, academicians, and students seeking coverage on one of the most integral species of fish in the world.
Olfactory Imprinting In Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka
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Author : Elmar Maria Plate
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Olfactory Imprinting In Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka written by Elmar Maria Plate and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
In the following study, I tried to link hormonal background conditions to successful olfactory imprinting in sockeye salmon by employing behavioural, endocrinological and electrophysio logical experiments. In the initial experiments, sockeye salmon were exposed to potential imprinting odorants, with or without additional treatment with thyroid hormones, during several juvenile stages between fertilization and beyond the PST. After two years of rearing, these fish were tested for behavioural responses to test odorants in two behavioural arenas. Neither immature nor mature fish reacted behaviourally to the odorants that they had been exposed to previously. Therefore, exposure of juveniles to odorants did not lead to imprinting to those odorants under hatchery rearing conditions. In contrast, juvenile fish that were exposed to test odorants and treated with a combination of T3 and T4 (in all cases) or T3 (in one case) the two most common forms of thyroid hormones, did exhibit an odorant recognition response two years later. However, the response differed between immature and mature fish. Mature fish were attracted to the imprinting odorant, whereas immature fish were repelled by the it. When immature fish were injected with GnRH before testing, their behavioural response was reversed. No behavioural response could be detected in fish that had been challenged with either T3 or T4 alone, in contrast to a combined treatment with both forms. Thus, I found evidence that a combination of T3 and T4 initiated imprinting and that GnRH motivated odorant recognition. To examine the underlying hormonal processes, I first determined plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in sockeye salmon before and after hormonal challenges with thyroid hormones or GnRH. In addition, the activity of the deiodinase enzyme that converts T4 into the other possible forms of thyroid hormones was investigated in sensory and non-sensory tissues. The results suggested that only a combined T3T4 treatment increased the availability of both thyroid hormone forms in blood plasma, while a separate challenge with T4 suppressed T3 availability and vice versa. Moreover, the results provided evidence for deiodinase activity in the olfactory epithelium and the retina and demonstrated that GnRH can modulate the T4 conversion process. This inform ation was helpful for planning and interpretation of the remaining experiments. Results obtained from a classical conditioning paradigm (heart-rate-conditioning), provided support for the hypothesis that GnRH lowers the threshold to an imprinting odorant and that the influence of GnRH was not restricted to an enhancement of motivation. To investigate whether hormonal action could also modulate the sensitivity of the peripheral olfactory system, electrophysiological responses from the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfacto-grams or EOGs) were recorded. The EOG results established that thyroid hormones and GnRH increased the EOG response of adult naïve (never imprinted to an odorant) fish, as did maturity. In the last experiments, I conducted EOG recordings on fish that had been imprinted at a juvenile stage. In summary, EOG recordings revealed that the imprinting process increased sensitivity to the imprinting odorant at maturity, while sensitivity in immature fish was decreased in comparison to non-imprinted fish. In combination with my behavioural results, this could explain why salmon do not enter their natal stream before they reach maturity. At maturity however, I also encountered desensitization to non-imprinting odorants, which might increase the ability to focus the olfactory system to the task of homing.
Hormonal Regulation Of Smolt Transformation And Olfactory Imprinting In Coho Salmon
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Author : Allan T. Scholz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Hormonal Regulation Of Smolt Transformation And Olfactory Imprinting In Coho Salmon written by Allan T. Scholz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Coho salmon categories.
Identification Evolution And Expression Of Three Olfactory Gene Families In Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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Author : Kimberley Anne Johnstone
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Identification Evolution And Expression Of Three Olfactory Gene Families In Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar written by Kimberley Anne Johnstone and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Atlantic salmon categories.
It has been hypothesized that salmonids use olfactory cues to return to their natal rivers and streams. However, the key components of the molecular pathway involved in imprinting and homing are still unknown. If odorants are involved in salmon homing migration then olfactory receptors should play a critical role in the dissipation of information from the environment to the fish. To understand the molecular basis for imprinting and homing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), it is important to identify and characterize the olfactory receptors in the Atlantic salmon genome. Aquatic chemical cues are received through the salmon nares and into the nasal cavity that contains a single olfactory organ, olfactory rosette. The olfactory rosette contains sensory neurons, which are thought to express only one olfactory receptor. In this study, three major superfamilies of fish olfactory receptors (MOR, ora and OlfC) were examined. To identify the olfactory genes in Atlantic salmon several genomic and bioinformatic techniques were used. First, an Atlantic salmon bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with probes designed from previously identified fish olfactory receptor sequences. Then a selected number of hybridization positive BACs containing olfactory receptors were shotgun cloned and sequenced. From these BAC sequences, two ora genes and 55 OlfC genes were identified in Atlantic salmon. The second technique used to identify olfactory receptors in Atlantic salmon was a bioinformatic approach that involved screening a 3-fold Atlantic salmon genome sequence for olfactory receptors. Using this approach, 24 MOR and the remaining five ora genes were identified, as well as another 24 partial genes or pseudogenes. As a first step to understand how olfactory receptors are involved in imprinting and homing, a suite of olfactory receptors were selected to examine the expression profiles of these genes across different life stages and life histories of wild Atlantic salmon from Newfoundland, Canada. Seven differentially expressed OlfC genes were identified in juvenile anadromous salmon compared to returning adult salmon. From this research, I hypothesize that OlfC genes may play an important role in the imprinting of home stream water olfactory cues in anadromous Atlantic salmon.
Olfactory Imprinting In Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Olfactory Imprinting In Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus Nerka written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Physiological Mechanisms Of Imprinting And Homing Migration Of Pacific Salmon
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Author : Hiroshi Ueda
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Physiological Mechanisms Of Imprinting And Homing Migration Of Pacific Salmon written by Hiroshi Ueda and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
