Olympic Security 1972 1996
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Olympic Security 1972 1996
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Author : Guy R. Sanan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Olympic Security 1972 1996 written by Guy R. Sanan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Global Sporting Mega Events
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Author : Megan A. Munroe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Global Sporting Mega Events written by Megan A. Munroe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Hosting an Olympic Games is a large and complex undertaking that requires years of planning, billions of pounds and thousands of people to stage. While the rationale behind expending the effort required to stage an event of this scale may vary from host to host, all hosts maintain the primary objective of staging the event safely and securely. The issue of terrorism has been a major concern for Olympic planners since the terrorist attack at the 1972 Munich Olympics. More recently, the terrorist bombing at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and 9/11 have served to further amplify concerns of terrorism at these events and have increased pressures on hosts to ensure security. With the exception of incidents occurring before Games' openings, minor security breaches taking place during events, and terrorist threats directed at the Games, we have not witnessed a physical terrorist attack during an Olympi~4tft caused injuries or fatalities since the 1996 event. According to US News and World Rep~rt, there were .168 separate, significant terrorist attacks that occurred at sports-related events from 1972-2004.1 While it is impossible to know the reason for the lack of attacks on Olympics events in recent years, it is reasonable to postulate that the security policies in place have acted as a deterrent, at least in part. With this in mind, an array of questions arises: Which security policies have been adopted at events since the 1996 Games? Have all hosts employed the same security measures at their events? How can this be evaluated? Did 9/11 have an impact on Olympic security? Is there a "Best Practice" security model that is transferred from one Olympics to the next? This thesis explores those queries through answering the encompassing question: Is there an efficient, effective and systematic method for comparatively analyzing the security policies employed by various Olympic host cities, and what information would be generated by this . style of analysis? In response to this research question, this thesis applies General Morphological Analysis (GMA) to the topic of Olympic security policy. GMA is a methodology that has gained popularity over the past twenty years in the field of policy analysis and scenario development but has not been previously applied to the discipline of event security studies, which is what this study accomplishes. The core of this thesis consists of a twofold process: first, applying GMA to the topic of Olympic security from 2000 to 2012 to produce an analytical framework which allows for further, detailed analysis to be performed; and second, applying policy data to that framework to generate outcomes that can be analyzed in relation to the questions earlier raised regarding Olympic security policy. Through this process this thesis demonstrates GMA as an efficient and systematic method for comparatively analyzing topics in the field of event security policy and exhibits its effectiveness in generating unique findings from these policy inquiries. Through utilizing this method, an efficient and systematic analysis was able to be performed on an inherently qualitative and judgmental process. GMA's rigorous classifications and systematic process allow for the outcomes of the analysis to be replicated, which is a key benefit of utilizing this method in this topic. Through the use of matrixing, a comparative foundation is created onto which the security policies utilized at the Olympics can be superimposed in order to reveal where correlations in policy usage and event attributes exist. In performing this analysis, this study uncovered 79 trends in Olympics policy implementation that are original and noteworthy discoveries. Furthermore, this method allows for the observance of the transfer of policy between these events, which substantiates the commonly accepted theory of the existence of policy transfer. The fmdings of this research provide unique data on the impacts of 9/11 on the security policies employed at mega-events, and makes some interesting observations on the disconnect between the implementation of security policies and the level of threat present at these events.
International Security And The Olympic Games 1972 2020
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Author : Austin Duckworth
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-08-24
International Security And The Olympic Games 1972 2020 written by Austin Duckworth and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-24 with History categories.
Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nation’s largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future.
International Security And The Olympic Games 1972 2020
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Author : Austin Duckworth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
International Security And The Olympic Games 1972 2020 written by Austin Duckworth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Duckworth provides a powerful analysis of the history of security operations at the Olympic Games that pioneered global security efforts in sport. Superbly written and based on the excellent use of international sources, the book is an essential contribution to our understanding of sport policy and sport events. -- Jörg Krieger Aarhus University, Denmark Drawing on new archival documents and interviews, this book demonstrates the evolving role of international politics in Olympic security planning. Olympic security concerns changed forever following the terrorist attack on Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee's (IOC) choice to ignore security after the attack in Munich left individual Olympic Games Organizing Committees to organize, fund, and provide security for the major international event. Future Olympic hosts planned security amidst increasing numbers of international terrorist attacks, and with the Cold War in full swing. For some Olympic hosts, Olympic security now represented their nation's largest ever military operations. By the time the IOC made security more of a priority in the early 1980s, the trends in Olympic security were set for the future. Austin Duckworth is an independent scholar who most recently worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University, Denmark. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin, USA in Physical Culture and Sports Studies. His research interests are international relations, security, and sport.
The Olympics And The Threat Of Terrorism
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Olympics And The Threat Of Terrorism written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Government publications categories.
Terror At The Munich Olympics
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Author : Courtney Farrell
language : en
Publisher: ABDO Publishing Company
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Terror At The Munich Olympics written by Courtney Farrell and has been published by ABDO Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
This title examines an important historic event, terror at the Munich Olympics. Readers will learn the background of the conflict between Jews and Muslims regarding Israel and Palestine, and its influence on this terrorist act, as well as the background of the terrorist group Black September. A detailed summary of how the event unfolded is covered, including key players and police strategies. Also covered is a critical look at the event's outcome, as well as its effect on future society and the continued hope for peace in the Middle East. Color photos and informative sidebars accompany easy-to-read, compelling text. Features include a timeline, facts, additional resources, Web sites, a glossary, a bibliography, and an index. Essential Events is a series in Essential Library, an imprint of ABDO Publishing Company.
The Munich Olympics
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Author : Hal Marcovitz
language : en
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
Release Date : 2002
The Munich Olympics written by Hal Marcovitz and has been published by Infobase Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Athletes categories.
Provides an account of the terrorist attacks against Israeli athletes during the 1972 Olympic games, profiling some of the individuals involved and exploring the political and historical reasons for the acts.
Olympic Security
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Author : J. Kurt Aikman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Olympic Security written by J. Kurt Aikman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Olympic Games categories.
Striking Back
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Author : Aaron J. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2007-01-09
Striking Back written by Aaron J. Klein and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-09 with History categories.
The first full account, based on access to key players who have never before spoken, of the Munich Massacre and the Israeli response–a lethal, top secret, thirty-year-long antiterrorism campaign to track down the killers. 1972. The Munich Olympics. Palestinian members of the Black September group murder eleven Israeli athletes. Nine hundred million people watch the crisis unfold on television, witnessing a tragedy that inaugurates the modern age of terror and remains a scar on the collective conscience of the world. Back in Israel, Prime Minister Golda Meir vows to track down those responsible and, in Menachem Begin’s words, “run these criminals and murderers off the face of the earth.” A secret Mossad unit, code named Caesarea, is mobilized, a list of targets drawn up. Thus begins the Israeli response–a mission that unfolds not over months but over decades. The Mossad has never spoken about this operation. No one has known the real story. Until now. Award-winning journalist Aaron Klein’s incisive and riveting account tells for the first time the full story of Munich and the Israeli counterterrorism operation it spawned. With unprecedented access to Mossad agents and an unparalleled knowledge of Israeli intelligence, Klein peels back the layers of myth and misinformation that have permeated previous books, films, and magazine articles about the “shadow war” against Black September and other terrorist groups. Spycraft, secret diplomacy, and fierce detective work abound in a story with more drama than any fictional thriller. Burning questions are at last answered, including who was killed and who was not, how it was done, which targets were hit and which were missed. Truths are revealed: the degree to which the Mossad targeted nonaffiliated Black September terrorists for assassination, the length and full scope of the operation (far greater than previously suspected), retributive acts against Israel, and much more. Finally, Klein shows that the Israeli response to Munich was not simply about revenge, as is popularly believed. By illuminating the tactical and strategic purposes of the Israeli operation, Striking Back allows us to draw profoundly relevant lessons from one of the most important counterterrorism campaigns in history.
Terrorism And The Olympics
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Author : Anthony Richards
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-11-23
Terrorism And The Olympics written by Anthony Richards and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-23 with History categories.
The book aims to outline the progress, problems and challenges of delivering a safe and secure Olympics in the context of the contemporary serious and enduring terrorist threat. The enormous media profile and symbolic significance of the Olympic Games, the history of terrorists aiming to use such high-profile events to advance their cause, and Al Qaeda's aim to cause mass casualties, all have major implications for the security of London 2012. Drawing on contributions from leading academics and practitioners in the field the book will assess the current terrorist threat, particularly focusing on terrorist targeting and how the Olympics might feature in this, before addressing particular response themes such as transport security, the role of surveillance, resilient designing of Olympic sites, the role of private security, and the challenge of inter-agency coordination. The book will conclude by providing an assessment of the legacy of Olympic security to date and will discuss the anticipated issues and dilemmas of the future. This book will be of interest to students of terrorism studies, security studies, counter-terrorism and sports studies.