On Delveloping Novel Energy Related Nanostructured Matericals By Atomic Layer Depositon
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On Delveloping Novel Energy Related Nanostructured Matericals By Atomic Layer Depositon
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Author : Xiangbo Meng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
On Delveloping Novel Energy Related Nanostructured Matericals By Atomic Layer Depositon written by Xiangbo Meng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
This thesis presents the fabrication of a series of novel nanostructured materials using atomic layer deposition (ALD). In contrast to traditional methods including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and solution-based processes, ALD benefits the synthesis processes of nanostructures with many unrivalled advantages such as atomic-scale control, low temperature, excellent uniformity and conformality. Depending on the employed precursors, substrates, and temperatures, the ALD processes exhibited different characteristics. In particular, ALD has capabilities in fine-tuning compositions and structural phases. In return, the synthesis and the resultant nanostructured materials show many novelties This thesis covers ALD processes of four different metal oxides including iron oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, and lithium titanium oxide. Four different substrates were used in the aforementioned ALD processes, i.e., undoped carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nitrogen doped CNTs (N-CNTs), porous templates of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), and graphene nanosheets (GNS). In practice, owing to their distinguished properties and structural characters, the substrates contributed to various novel nanostructures including nanotubes, coaxial core-shell nanotubes, and three-dimensional (3D) architectures. In addition, the surface chemistry of the substrates and their interactions with ALD precursors also were considered. The ALD process of iron oxide (ALD-Fe2O3) was the first one studied and it was fulfilled on both undoped CNTs and N-CNTs by using ferrocene and oxygen as precursors. It was found that N-CNTs are better than undoped CNTs for the ALD-Fe2O3, for they provide reactive sites directly due to their inherent properties. In contrast, undoped CNTs need pretreatment via covalent acid oxidation or non-covalent modification to create reactive sites before the ALD-Fe2O3 could proceed on their surface. This work resulted in different CNT-Fe2O3 core-shell structures with controlled growth of crystalline -Fe2O3 Another metal oxide, tin dioxide (SnO2) was performed using tin chloride (SnCl4) and water as ALD precursors. It was synthesized into different nanostructures based on NCNTs, AAO, and GNS. The work on N-CNTs disclosed that the ALD-SnO2 is favored by doped nitrogen atoms but the effects of different nitrogen-doping configurations vary with growth temperatures. In comparison, the ALD-SnO2 on AAO and GNS mainly relies on hydroxyl groups. A common finding from the studies is that growth temperatures influence the resultant SnO2, leading to amorphous, crystalline phase, or the mixtures of the aforementioned two. In addition, the cyclic nature of ALD contributes to controlled growth of SnO2. Based on the results from the ALD-SnO2 on AAO, it was concluded that the ALD-SnO2 experience three different growth modes with temperature, i.e., layer-by-layer, layer-by-particle, and evolutionary particles. The layers are in amorphous phase while the particles are in crystalline rutile phase. The aforementioned understandings on ALD-SnO2 led to pure SnO2 nanotubes based on AAO, CNT-SnO2 core-shell coaxial nanotubes, and GNS-based SnO2 3D architectures with controlled growth and structural phases. The third metal oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was deposited using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and water as ALD precursors. It was found that the ALD-TiO2 is tunable from amorphous to crystalline anatase phase with temperature while the resultant deposition is controllable from nanoparticles to nanofilms as well. Based on different substrate, i.e., AAO, acid-pretreated CNTs, and GNS, TiO2 was fabricated with different nanostructures including nanotubes, core-shell coaxial nanotubes, and 3D architectures. In particular, the resultant nanostructures are distinguished with controlled phases and morphologies of TiO2. Different from the above binary metal oxides, the last metal oxide, lithium titanium oxide (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) is a ternary compound. The route for ALD-LTO is based on combining and tuning two sub-ALD systems. One sub-ALD system is for TiO2 using TTIP and water, and another sub-ALD system is for lithium-containing films using lithium tert-butoxide (LTB) and water as precursors. It was revealed that, through suitably matching the ratios of the two sub-ALD systems and annealing the resultant films, LTO is successfully synthesized on N-CNTs. However, this pioneering work shows a bit rutile TiO2 with LTO, and thus further effort is needed in future work.
Nanostructured Materials For Energy Related Applications
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Author : Saravanan Rajendran
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-11
Nanostructured Materials For Energy Related Applications written by Saravanan Rajendran and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-11 with Science categories.
This book describes the role and fundamental aspects of the diverse ranges of nanostructured materials for energy applications in a comprehensive manner. Advanced nanomaterial is an important and interdisciplinary field which includes science and technology. This work thus gives the reader an in depth analysis focussed on particular nanomaterials and systems applicable for technologies such as clean fuel, hydrogen generation, absorption and storage, supercapacitors, battery applications and more. Furthermore, it not only aims to exploit certain nanomaterials for technology transfer, but also exploits a wide knowledge on avenues such as biomass-derived nanomaterials, carbon dioxide conversions into renewable fuel chemicals using nanomaterials. These are the areas with lacunae that demand more research and application.
Growth And Transport In Nanostructured Materials
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Author : Angel Yanguas-Gil
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-30
Growth And Transport In Nanostructured Materials written by Angel Yanguas-Gil and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book will address the application of gas phase thin film methods, including techniques such as evaporation, sputtering, CVD, and ALD to the synthesis of materials on nanostructured and high aspect-ratio high surface area materials. We have chosen to introduce these topics and the different application fields from a chronological perspective: we start with the early concepts of step coverage and later conformality in semiconductor manufacturing, and how later on the range of application branched out to include others such as energy storage, catalysis, and more broadly nanomaterials synthesis. The book will describe the ballistic and continuum descriptions of gas transport on nanostructured materials and then will move on to incorporate the impact of precursor-surface interaction. We will finally conclude approaching the subjects of feature shape evolution and the connection between nano and reactor scales and will briefly present different advanced algorithms that can be used to effectively compute particle transport, in some cases borrowing from other disciplines such as radiative heat transfer. The book gathers in a single place information scattered over thirty years of scientific research, including the most recent results in the field of Atomic Layer Deposition. Besides a mathematical description of the fundamentals of thin film growth in nanostructured materials, it includes analytic expressions and plots that can be used to predict the growth using gas phase synthesis methods in a number of ideal approximations. The focus on the fundamental aspects over particular processes will broaden the appeal and the shelf lifetime of this book. The reader of this book will gain a thorough understanding on the coating of high surface area and nanostructured materials using gas phase thin film deposition methods, including the limitations of each technique. Those coming from the theoretical side will gain the knowledge required to model the growth process, while those readers more interested in the process development will gain the theoretical understanding will be useful for process optimization.
X Ray Characterization Of Nanostructured Energy Materials By Synchrotron Radiation
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Author : Mehdi Khodaei
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-03-22
X Ray Characterization Of Nanostructured Energy Materials By Synchrotron Radiation written by Mehdi Khodaei and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-22 with Science categories.
Nowadays, nanomaterials are attracting huge attentions not only from a basic research point of view but also for their potential applications. Since finding the structure-property-processing relationships can open new windows in the application of materials, the material characterizations play a crucial role in the research and development of materials science. The increasing demand for energy with the necessity to find alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources leads to the rapid growth in attention to energy materials. In this book, the results of some outstanding researches on synchrotron-based characterization of nanostructured materials related to energy applications are presented.
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Nanostructured Materials
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Author : Nicola Pinna
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-09-19
Atomic Layer Deposition Of Nanostructured Materials written by Nicola Pinna and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Atomic layer deposition, formerly called atomic layer epitaxy, was developed in the 1970s to meet the needs of producing high-quality, large-area fl at displays with perfect structure and process controllability. Nowadays, creating nanomaterials and producing nanostructures with structural perfection is an important goal for many applications in nanotechnology. As ALD is one of the important techniques which offers good control over the surface structures created, it is more and more in the focus of scientists. The book is structured in such a way to fi t both the need of the expert reader (due to the systematic presentation of the results at the forefront of the technique and their applications) and the ones of students and newcomers to the fi eld (through the first part detailing the basic aspects of the technique). This book is a must-have for all Materials Scientists, Surface Chemists, Physicists, and Scientists in the Semiconductor Industry.
Nanostructured Materials Prepared By Atomic Layer Deposition For Catalysis And Lithium Ion Battery Applications
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Author : Rajankumar L Patel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Nanostructured Materials Prepared By Atomic Layer Deposition For Catalysis And Lithium Ion Battery Applications written by Rajankumar L Patel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
"Atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) has emerged as an important technique for depositing thin films in both scientific research and industrial applications. In this dissertation, ALD/MLD was used to create novel nanostructures for two different applications, catalysis and lithium-ion batteries. MLD was used to prepare ultra-thin dense hybrid organic/inorganic polymer films. Oxidizing the hybrid films removed the organic components and produced the desired nanoporous films. Both porous alumina and titania films can be prepared by such a way. A novel nanostructured catalyst (Pt/SiO2) with an ultra-thin porous alumina shell obtained from the thermal decomposition of an aluminium alkoxide film deposited by MLD for size-selective reactions was developed. The molecular sieving capability of the porous metal oxide films was verified by examining the liquid-phase hydrogenation of n-hexene versus cis-cyclooctene. For lithium-ion battery cathodes, two different approaches are presented. Firstly, ultrathin and highly-conformal conductive CeO2 films were coated on LiMn2O4 particles using ALD process. The initial capacity of the 3 nm CeO2-coated sample showed 24% increment compared to the capacity of the uncoated one, and 96% and 95% of the initial capacity was retained after 1,000 cycles with 1C rate at room temperature (RT) and 55 °C, respectively. The study of ionic and electronic conductivities of the coated and uncoated materials helped explain the improved performance of CeO2 coated materials. Secondly, iron oxide films were deposited using ALD on LiMn[sub 1.5]Ni[sub 0.5]O4 particles for the synergetic effect of performance enhancing by iron doping and conformal iron oxide film coating. With an optimal film thickness of ~0.6 nm, the initial capacity improved by 25% at RT and by ~26% at 55 °C at 1C cycling rate. The synergy of doping of LiMn[sub 1.5]Ni[sub 0.5]O4 with Fe near surface combined with the conductive and protective nature of the optimal iron oxide film led to high capacity retention (~93% at RT and ~91% at 55 °C) even after 1,000 cycles at 1C cycling rate"--Abstract, page iv.
Design And Development Of Nanostructured Thin Films
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Author : Antonella Macagnano
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-05-13
Design And Development Of Nanostructured Thin Films written by Antonella Macagnano and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Due to their unique size-dependent physicochemical properties, nanostructured thin films are used in a wide range of applications from smart coating and drug delivery to electrocatalysis and highly-sensitive sensors. Depending on the targeted application and the deposition technique, these materials have been designed and developed by tuning their atomic-molecular 2D- and/or 3D-aggregation, thickness, crystallinity, and porosity, having effects on their optical, mechanical, catalytic, and conductive properties. Several open questions remain about the impact of nanomaterial production and use on environment and health. Many efforts are currently being made not only to prevent nanotechnologies and nanomaterials from contributing to environmental pollution but also to design nanomaterials to support, control, and protect the environment. This Special Issue aims to cover the recent advances in designing nanostructured films focusing on environmental issues related to their fabrication processes (e.g., low power and low cost technologies, the use of environmentally friendly solvents), their precursors (e.g., waste-recycled, bio-based, biodegradable, and natural materials), their applications (e.g., controlled release of chemicals, mimicking of natural processes, and clean energy conversion and storage), and their use in monitoring environment pollution (e.g., sensors optically- or electrically-sensitive to pollutants)
Novel Nanostructured Materials For Sustainable Energy Applications
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Author : Ramesh A.
language : en
Publisher: Mohammed Abdul Sattar
Release Date : 2023-11-09
Novel Nanostructured Materials For Sustainable Energy Applications written by Ramesh A. and has been published by Mohammed Abdul Sattar this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-09 with categories.
In the last few decades, energy usage and demand has been increased by many folds due to rising population growth and the industrial revolution. According to the recent United Nations report, the current world population 7.7 billion, and it may reach to 8.6 billion in the year 2030 and 9.8 billion in the year 2050. So, there is an ever-increasing energy need in the coming years, due to population growth and the industrial revolution. However, due to the increasing living standards of the population in developing countries, the energy requirement will get doubled in the next few decades. At present, nearly 80% of the global energy demand is met from fossil fuels, which are the non-renewable energy source and it leaves behind carbon footprints after usage, causing environmental pollution and climate change. On the other hand, the usage of fossil fuels emits carbon -based greenhouse gases upon usage. In the past few years, CO2 emission from fossil fuels has increased drastically, causing environmental pollution and climate change. There is an urgent need for developing materials and technologies to combat the dangerous emissions of CO2 from industrial sectors such as power generation plants, cement production, petrochemical production, aluminium, steel and plastic manufacturing industries. Hence the upcoming energy shortage and the rising concern over climate change, there is an urgent need to find clean energy alternatives. Owing to the serious concern over climate change due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel usage, environmentally friendly renewable energies are the prime choice for satisfying our future energy needs. Renewable energies on the other hand are inexhaustible and are decentralized (can be produced anywhere locally). Renewable energy is the growing energy source around the world, accounting for 40% of the increase in primary energy by 2030. Renewable energies such as solar, tidal and wind energy provide intermittent supplies of electricity, while options for large-scale storage of electricity and transportations are limited. With the rise in energy demand, energy conversion and clean energy storage technologies has become the essential approaches for the global community.
Nanostructured And Advanced Materials For Fuel Cells
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Author : San Ping Jiang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-12-07
Nanostructured And Advanced Materials For Fuel Cells written by San Ping Jiang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-07 with Science categories.
Boasting chapters written by leading international experts, Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis, characterization, and performance. It offers an overview on the principles, classifications, and types of fuels used in fuel cells, and discusses the critical properties, design, and advances made in various sealing materials. It provides an extensive review on the design, configuration, fabrication, modeling, materials, and stack performance of μ-SOFC technology, and addresses the advancement and challenges in the synthesis, characterization, and fundamental understanding of the catalytic activity of nitrogen-carbon, carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for PEM fuel cells. The authors explore the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, summarize the advancements in the fundamental understanding of the most successful Nafion membranes, and focus on the development of alternative and composite membranes for direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). They also review current challenges and consider future development in the industry. Includes 17 chapters, 262 figures, and close to 2000 references Provides an extensive review of the carbon, nitrogen-carbon, and noncarbon-based electro catalysts for fuel cells Presents an update on the latest materials development in conventional fuel cells and emerging fuel cells This text is a single-source reference on the latest advances in the nano-structured materials and electro catalysts for fuel cells, the most efficient and emerging energy conversion technologies for the twenty-first century. It serves as a valuable resource for students, materials engineers, and researchers interested in fuel cell technology.
Handbook Of Nanostructured Materials And Nanotechnology Five Volume Set
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Author : Hari Singh Nalwa
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1999-10-29
Handbook Of Nanostructured Materials And Nanotechnology Five Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-29 with Science categories.
Nanostructured materials is one of the hottest and fastest growing areas in today's materials science field, along with the related field of solid state physics. Nanostructured materials and their based technologies have opened up exciting new possibilites for future applications in a number of areas including aerospace, automotive, x-ray technology, batteries, sensors, color imaging, printing, computer chips, medical implants, pharmacy, and cosmetics. The ability to change properties on the atomic level promises a revolution in many realms of science and technology. Thus, this book details the high level of activity and significant findings are available for those involved in research and development in the field. It also covers industrial findings and corporate support. This five-volume set summarizes fundamentals of nano-science in a comprehensive way. The contributors enlisted by the editor are at elite institutions worldwide. Key Features * Provides comprehensive coverage of the dominant technology of the 21st century * Written by 127 authors from 16 countries, making this truly international * First and only reference to cover all aspects of nanostructured materials and nanotechnology