On Scientific Discovery
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Scientific Discovery In The Social Sciences
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Author : Mark Addis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-09-12
Scientific Discovery In The Social Sciences written by Mark Addis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-12 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
The Art Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : George Gore
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1878
The Art Of Scientific Discovery written by George Gore and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1878 with Chimie, Découvertes categories.
World Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : Kimberley A. McGrath
language : en
Publisher: Gale Cengage
Release Date : 1999
World Of Scientific Discovery written by Kimberley A. McGrath and has been published by Gale Cengage this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Discoveries in science categories.
Scientific milestones and the people who made them possible.
The Logic Of Scientific Discovery
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Author : Karl Popper
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-11-04
The Logic Of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-04 with Philosophy categories.
Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Making Scientific Discoveries
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Author : Jan G. Michel
language : en
Publisher: Brill Mentis
Release Date : 2021-11-15
Making Scientific Discoveries written by Jan G. Michel and has been published by Brill Mentis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-15 with categories.
Scienti?c progress depends crucially on scienti?c discoveries. Yet the topic of scienti?c discoveries has not been central to debate in the philosophy of science. This book aims to remedy this shortcoming. Based on a broad reading of the term ?science? (similar to the German term ?Wissenschaft ?), the book convenes experts from different disciplines who re?ect upon several intertwined questions connected to the topic of making scienti?c discoveries.0Among these questions are the following: What are the preconditions for making scienti?c discoveries? What is it that we (have to) do when we make discoveries in science? What are the objects of scienti?c discoveries, how do we name them, and how do scienti?c names function? Do dis-coveries in, say, physics and biology, share an underlying structure, or do they differ from each other in crucial ways? Are other ?elds such as theology and environmental studies loci of scienti?c discovery? What is the purpose of making scienti?c discoveries? Explaining nature or reality? Increasing scienti?c knowledge? Finding new truths? If so, how can we account for instructive blunders and serendipities in science?0In the light of the above, the following is an encompassing question of the book: What does it mean to make a discovery in science, and how can scienti?c discoveries be distinguished from non-scienti?c discoveries?
Scientific Discovery Case Studies
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Author : Thomas Nickles
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Scientific Discovery Case Studies written by Thomas Nickles and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until recently, a major concern of modem philosophy of science. Whether the act of discoyery was regarded as mysterious and inexplicable, or obvious and in no need of explanation, modem philosophy of science in effect bracketed the question. It concentrated instead on the logic of scientific explanation or on the issues of validation or justification of scientific theories or laws. The recent revival of interest in the context of discovery, indeed in the acts of discovery, on the part of philosophers and historians of science, represents no one particular method'ological or philosophical orientation. It proceeds as much from an empiricist and analytical approach as from a sociological or historical one; from considerations of the logic of science as much as from the alogical or extralogical contexts of scientific tho'¢tt and practice. But, in general, this new interest focuses sharply on the actual historical and contem porary cases of scientific discovery, and on an examination of the act or moment of discovery in situ.
Scientific Discovery
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Author : Pat Langley
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1987
Scientific Discovery written by Pat Langley and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Computers categories.
Scientific discovery is often regarded as romantic and creative--and hence unanalyzable--whereas the everyday process of verifying discoveries is sober and more suited to analysis. Yet this fascinating exploration of how scientific work proceeds argues that however sudden the moment of discovery may seem, the discovery process can be described and modeled. Using the methods and concepts of contemporary information-processing psychology (or cognitive science) the authors develop a series of artificial-intelligence programs that can simulate the human thought processes used to discover scientific laws. The programs--BACON, DALTON, GLAUBER, and STAHL--are all largely data-driven, that is, when presented with series of chemical or physical measurements they search for uniformities and linking elements, generating and checking hypotheses and creating new concepts as they go along. Scientific Discovery examines the nature of scientific research and reviews the arguments for and against a normative theory of discovery; describes the evolution of the BACON programs, which discover quantitative empirical laws and invent new concepts; presents programs that discover laws in qualitative and quantitative data; and ties the results together, suggesting how a combined and extended program might find research problems, invent new instruments, and invent appropriate problem representations. Numerous prominent historical examples of discoveries from physics and chemistry are used as tests for the programs and anchor the discussion concretely in the history of science.
The Romance Of Scientific Discovery A Popular And Nontechnical Account Of Some Of The Most Important Discoveries In Science From The Earliest Historical Times To The Present Day
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Author : Charles Robert Gibson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1914
The Romance Of Scientific Discovery A Popular And Nontechnical Account Of Some Of The Most Important Discoveries In Science From The Earliest Historical Times To The Present Day written by Charles Robert Gibson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1914 with Discoveries in science categories.
Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery
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Author : L. Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery written by L. Magnani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.
Scientific Discovery Logic And Rationality
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Author : Thomas Nickles
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Scientific Discovery Logic And Rationality written by Thomas Nickles and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is fast becoming a cliche that scientific discovery is being rediscovered. For two philosophical generations (that of the Founders and that of the Followers of the logical positivist and logical empiricist movements), discovery had been consigned to the domain of the intractable, the ineffable, the inscrutable. The philosophy of science was focused on the so-called context of justification as its proper domain. More recently, as the exclusivity of the logical reconstruc tion program in philosophy of science came under question, and as the critique of justification developed within the framework of logical and epistemological analysis, the old question of scientific discovery, which had been put on the back burner, began to emerge once again. Emphasis on the relation of the history of science to the philosophy of science, and attention to the question of theory change and theory replacement, also served to legitimate a new concern with the origins of scientific change to be found within discovery and invention. How welcome then to see what a wide range of issues and what a broad representation of philosophers and historians of science have been brought together in the present two volumes of the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science! For what these volumes achieve, in effect, is the continuation of a tradition which had once been strong in the philosophy of science - namely, that tradition which addressed the question of scientific discovery as a central question in the understanding of science.