On The Helical Nature Of Neutral Trajectories In The Ocean
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On The Helical Nature Of Neutral Trajectories In The Ocean
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Author : Trevor J. McDougall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
On The Helical Nature Of Neutral Trajectories In The Ocean written by Trevor J. McDougall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Oceanic mixing categories.
Elements Of Physical Oceanography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-08-26
Elements Of Physical Oceanography written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-26 with Science categories.
Elements of Physical Oceanography is a derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Second Edition and serves as an important reference on current physical oceanography knowledge and expertise in one convenient and accessible source. Its selection of articles—all written by experts in their field—focuses on ocean physics, air-sea transfers, waves, mixing, ice, and the processes of transfer of properties such as heat, salinity, momentum and dissolved gases, within and into the ocean. Elements of Physical Oceanography serves as an ideal reference for topical research. References related articles in physical oceanography to facilitate further research Richly illustrated with figures and tables that aid in understanding key concepts Includes an introductory overview and then explores each topic in detail, making it useful to experts and graduate-level researchers Topical arrangement makes it the perfect desk reference
Encyclopedia Of Ocean Sciences
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-12
Encyclopedia Of Ocean Sciences written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-12 with Science categories.
The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Fundamentals Of Ocean Climate Models
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Author : Stephen Griffies
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-05
Fundamentals Of Ocean Climate Models written by Stephen Griffies and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-05 with Science categories.
This book sets forth the physical, mathematical, and numerical foundations of computer models used to understand and predict the global ocean climate system. Aimed at students and researchers of ocean and climate science who seek to understand the physical content of ocean model equations and numerical methods for their solution, it is largely general in formulation and employs modern mathematical techniques. It also highlights certain areas of cutting-edge research. Stephen Griffies presents material that spans a broad spectrum of issues critical for modern ocean climate models. Topics are organized into parts consisting of related chapters, with each part largely self-contained. Early chapters focus on the basic equations arising from classical mechanics and thermodynamics used to rationalize ocean fluid dynamics. These equations are then cast into a form appropriate for numerical models of finite grid resolution. Basic discretization methods are described for commonly used classes of ocean climate models. The book proceeds to focus on the parameterization of phenomena occurring at scales unresolved by the ocean model, which represents a large part of modern oceanographic research. The final part provides a tutorial on the tensor methods that are used throughout the book, in a general and elegant fashion, to formulate the equations.
Physics Of Self Organization And Evolution
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Author : Werner Ebeling
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-09-19
Physics Of Self Organization And Evolution written by Werner Ebeling and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-19 with Science categories.
This thoroughly updated version of the German authoritative work on self-organization has been completely rewritten by internationally renowned experts and experienced book authors to also include a review of more recent literature. It retains the original enthusiasm and fascination surrounding thermodynamic systems far from equilibrium, synergetics, and the origin of life, representing an easily readable book and tutorial on this exciting field. The book is unique in covering in detail the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of self-organizing systems as well as such selected features as random processes, structural networks and multistable systems, while focusing on the physical and theoretical modeling of natural selection and evolution processes. The authors take examples from physics, chemistry, biology and social systems, and include results hitherto unpublished in English. The result is a one-stop resource relevant for students and scientists in physics or related interdisciplinary fields, including mathematical physics, biophysics, information science and nanotechnology.
Issues In General Physics Research 2011 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09
Issues In General Physics Research 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Science categories.
Issues in General Physics Research / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about General Physics Research. The editors have built Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about General Physics Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in General Physics Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Parameterization Of Small Scale Processes
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Author : Peter Müller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Parameterization Of Small Scale Processes written by Peter Müller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Ocean circulation categories.
The Time Averaged Circulation Of The North Pacific Ocean
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Author : Edward D. Zaron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Time Averaged Circulation Of The North Pacific Ocean written by Edward D. Zaron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Ocean circulation categories.
The time-averaged velocity field in the North Pacific was estimated in two sets of inverse calculations. The planetary geostrophic equations were the basis for dynamical models of the flow in each case. The inverse estimates of the circulation were obtained by minimizing a positive-definite cost function, which measured the inconsistency of the model's predictions against a set of observations comprised of a large, high-quality hydrographic data set, and surface fluxes of heat, fresh water, and momentum. In the first part of this work, four solution methods for the generalized inverse of a linear planetary geostrophic model of the North Pacific are compared. A conjugate gradient solver applied to the equation for the generalized inverse, expressed in terms of a representer expansion, was the most computationally efficient solution method. The other methods, in order of decreasing efficiency, were, a conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned with the inverse of the model operators), a direct solver for the representer coefficients, and a second conjugate gradient descent solver (preconditioned so that the diagonal elements of the cost Redacted for Privacy function Hessian were unity). All but the last method were successful at minimizing the penalty function. Inverse estimates of the circulation based on the linear planetary geostrophic model were stable to perturbations in the data, and insensitive to assumptions regarding the model forcing and boundary condition uncertainties. A large calculation, which involved approximately 18,000 observations and 60,000 state variables, indicated that the linear model is remarkably consistent with the observations. The second part of this work describes an attempt to use a nonlinear planetary geostrophic model (which included realistic bottom topography, lateral momentum mixing, out-cropping layers, and air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum) to assimilate the same hydrographic data set as above. Because of the nonlinearity in the model, descent methods (rather than a representer-based method) were used to solve the inverse problem. The nonlinearity of the model and the poor conditioning of the cost function Hessian confounded the minimization process. A solver for the tangent-linearization of the planetary geostrophic system should be used as a preconditioner if calculations of this type are attempted in the future.
Where Three Oceans Meet
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Author : Sara L. Bennett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Where Three Oceans Meet written by Sara L. Bennett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Ocean currents categories.
The Agulhas Retroflection south of Africa lies at the junction of the S. Indian, S. Atlantic, and Circumpolar Oceans. A March 1985 survey, including hydrographic stations, subsurface current path survey, and contemporaneous sea surface temperature (SST) satellite infrared image, plus historical data, are used to characterize the region. In 1985, Agulhas transport was 56 to 95 Sv (1 million m/s; relative to 2400 dbar), up to 1.5 times the interior transport from linear theory and observed winds. Return Current transport was 54 and 65 Sv. The current retroflected in two branches. The surface warm core retroflected upstream of the second branch, while an SST front, and the subsurface current path survey, followed it. A cold ring, with 64 Sv transport but no SST anomaly, and a ware recirculation lay between the branches. Curvature vorticity at anticyclonic turns in the path exceeded the gradient wind maximum, so other dynamics must locally contribute. Salt, oxygen, and potential vorticity fronts on isopycnals in the current's upper approx. 300 m are observed, as are deep western boundary filaments of Red Sea Water and N. Atlantic Deep Water influences. The current meets baroclinic barotropic instability necessary conditions. Thermocline water (>8C) transport into the S. Atlantic is 2.8 to 9.6 Sv, less than the or = 10 Sv Atlantic export of deep water. Keywords: Agulhas currents, Oceanographic data; Optical data; Air water interactions; Western boundary current; Oceanographic fronts; Salinity; Ocean currents; Indian Ocean; South Atlantic Ocean. Theses. (edc).
Meteorological And Geoastrophysical Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Meteorological And Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Atmospheric chemistry categories.