Opening The Capital Account
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Opening The Capital Account
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Author : James A. Hanson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1992
Opening The Capital Account written by James A. Hanson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Capital categories.
Who Needs To Open The Capital Account
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Author : Olivier Jeanne
language : en
Publisher: Peterson Institute
Release Date : 2012
Who Needs To Open The Capital Account written by Olivier Jeanne and has been published by Peterson Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
Most countries emerged from the Second World War with capital accounts that were closed to the rest of the world. Since then, a process of capital account opening has occurred, with the result that all developed and many emerging-market countries now have capital accounts that are both de facto and de jure open, while many developing countries also have de facto openness. This study examines this in part by considering some of the first lessons from the current global financial crisis. This crisis may change the terms of the debate on capital account liberalization in a deeper and more lasting way than any of the crises of the past two decades because it may mark a reversal in the secular trend of financial liberalization at the core of the international financial system. The current crisis also raises new questions about the appropriate policy responses to boom-bust dynamics in domestic credit and in international credit flows. Intellectual consistency is needed between the domestic and international dimensions of financial regulation and the policies aimed at dealing with boom-bust dynamics in domestic and international credit.
Liberalization Of The Capital Account
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Author : Mr.Donald J. Mathieson
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1992-06-01
Liberalization Of The Capital Account written by Mr.Donald J. Mathieson and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-06-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper reviews the experience with capital controls in industrial and developing countries, considers the policy issues raised when the effectiveness of capital controls diminishes, examines the medium-term benefits and costs of an open capital account, and analyzes the policy measures that could help sustain capital account convertibility. As the effectiveness of capital controls eroded more rapidly in the 1980s than in earlier periods, new constraints were placed on the formulation of stabilization and structural reform programs. However, experience suggests that certain macroeconomic, financial, and risk management policies would allow countries to attain the benefits of capital account convertibility and reduce the financial risks created by an open capital account.
Sustaining Open Capital Accounts
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Author : Ralf J. Leiteritz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Sustaining Open Capital Accounts written by Ralf J. Leiteritz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Financial liberalization programs have been adopted by many countries in Latin America during the past twenty years. Opening the economy to inflows and outflows of capital - 'opening the capital account' - has been a key part of these programs. Many economists have heralded capital account liberalization as a 'fast track' to economic growth and efficiency in developing countries, partly due to the way that it tightens the constraints on governments and disciplines them to avoid 'bad' policies. Others, however, have emphasized the dangers of capital account openness, such as its close relationship with financial crises and the substantial risks it poses for macroeconomic stability. While some governments have sustained the opening of their capital account over decades, others have reversed course after only a short time. The existing literature has focused on the adoption of capital account liberalization, but has neglected to consider the reasons for its durability or fragility. My dissertation addresses the question of why different countries have sustained their opening of the capital account to different degrees and for different periods. The central argument is that the sustainability of capital account openness is determined by domestic informal institutions. By informal institutions I refer to the shared understandings or rules among a country's policymaking and business elites about legitimate economic policies. Whether capital account openness is sustained over time depends on the extent of domestic agreement as to whether capital controls continue to be effective and legitimate, or whether they have lost their effectiveness and legitimacy as instruments of macroeconomic policymaking. Not only is my dissertation the first study of the sustainability of capital account openness, it is the first to emphasize the importance of informal institutions as distinct from formal ones. The next question refers to the factors that determine the content of domestic informal institutions, such that they favor capital account openness in some countries, and are much more equivocal in others. My answer emphasizes the legacy of pre-liberalization state-business relations. Capital account openness is unlikely to be sustained over time if the export-oriented sector of the economy - concerned about a stable and competitive exchange rate - preserves its leverage over national policymaking. Conversely, capital account openness tends to become a durable policy if economic actors benefitting from capital mobility and largely unaffected by exchange-rate issues dominate state-business relations. After the introduction, Chapter 2 describes the essential elements of capital account policy and explains the methodological approach of the dissertation. Chapter 3 provides an overview of the literature to explain capital account policy. It distinguishes between interest-based, institutionalist, and ideas-based approaches located at different levels of analysis. This review highlights a notable gap in the literature. Analyses of the role of informal institutions at the domestic level are conspicuously lacking. My dissertation seeks to fill this analytical lacuna. Chapter 4 analyzes the international campaign for capital freedom, personified by the International Monetary Fund. How did the push for capital account liberalization come into being at the international level, and how has the capital account policy discourse within the IMF evolved until the present time? Ultimately, the attempt to transform capital freedom into an international norm was not successful. The effects of the Asian financial crisis in 1997-98 within and outside the IMF undermined the international norm campaign, symbolized by the failure of the attempt to change the IMF's Articles of Agreement in order to give the organization the legal mandate over member-states' capital account policies. However, the IMF still subscribes to the idea that the free movement of capital is a desirable policy for all countries. Yet country responses have been very different. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the link between IMF prescriptions and domestic policy outcomes, fleshing out the central argument with case studies of Peru and Colombia, respectively, in the time period from 1990 to the present day. Both countries shared similar economic challenges, a national community of elite economists convinced of free-market principles, and outside pressure from the IMF. At the start of the liberalization period in the early 1990s, both switched from a largely closed to a largely open capital account. However, due to the effect of different informal institutions based on different state-business relations, Peru and Colombia then followed different paths. The two cases serve to illustrate that, in the broader context of financial liberalization, socially shared understandings about legitimate economic policies reinforce or constrain the impact of international norms, thus making - or breaking - attempts at economic reform. Scholars interested in explaining the sustainability of neoliberal economic reforms and the impact of international norms and ideas on domestic policy choices ignore the role of domestic informal institutions at their peril. Traditional approaches focused on material interests, formal political and economic institutions, and global norms and ideas fail to account for the variation of capital account policy in an age of mobile capital. Paying heed to the change and continuity of shared understandings about legitimate economic policies is key to understanding both the influence of international norms on domestic policy, and the durability or fragility of economic reforms. In order to become institutionalized in the domestic political economy, international norms setting out to diffuse free-market policies must encounter a social context in which alternative development strategies have lost their legitimacy.
Whether And When To Liberalize Capital Account And Financial Services
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Author : John Williams
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Whether And When To Liberalize Capital Account And Financial Services written by John Williams and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Capital movements categories.
One Currency Two Markets
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Author : Edwin L.-C. Lai
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-08
One Currency Two Markets written by Edwin L.-C. Lai and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Economic analysis of the future of the international monetary system and the USD, and the rising importance of the RMB.
Do Inflows Or Outflows Dominate Global Implications Of Capital Account Liberalization In China
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Author : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-08-28
Do Inflows Or Outflows Dominate Global Implications Of Capital Account Liberalization In China written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-28 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper assesses the implications of Chinese capital account liberalization for capital flows. Stylized facts from capital account liberalization in advanced and large emerging market economies illustrate that capital account liberalization has historically generated large gross capital in- and outflows, but the direction of net flows has depended on many factors. An econometric portfolio allocation model finds that capital controls significantly dampen cross-border portfolio asset holdings. The model also suggests that capital account liberalization in China may trigger net portfolio outflows as large domestic savings seek to diversify abroad.
Liberalization Of The Capital Account
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Author : Donald J. Mathieson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Liberalization Of The Capital Account written by Donald J. Mathieson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
This paper reviews the experience with capital controls in industrial and developing countries, considers the policy issues raised when the effectiveness of capital controls diminishes, examines the medium-term benefits and costs of an open capital account, and analyzes the policy measures that could help sustain capital account convertibility. As the effectiveness of capital controls eroded more rapidly in the 1980s than in earlier periods, new constraints were placed on the formulation of stabilization and structural reform programs. However, experience suggests that certain macroeconomic, financial, and risk management policies would allow countries to attain the benefits of capital account convertibility and reduce the financial risks created by an open capital account.
Path And Trend Of Capital Account Opening In Major Global Economies
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Author : Yingxin He
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-11-28
Path And Trend Of Capital Account Opening In Major Global Economies written by Yingxin He and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-28 with categories.
Capital Account Liberalization And Economic Performance
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Author : Hali J. Edison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Capital Account Liberalization And Economic Performance written by Hali J. Edison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Capital market categories.
This paper reviews the literature on the effects of capital account liberalization and stock market liberalization on economic growth. The various empirical measures used to gauge the presence of controls on capital account transactions as well as indicators of stock market liberalization are discussed. We compare detailed measures of capital account controls that attempt to capture the intensity of enforcement with others that simply capture whether or not controls are present. Our review of the literature shows the contrasting results that have been obtained. These differences may reflect differences in country coverage, sample periods and indicators of liberalization. In order to reconcile these differences, we present new estimates of the effects on growth of capital account liberalization and stock market liberalization. We find some support for a positive effect of capital account liberalization on growth, especially for developing countries.