Palaeobiology Of Middle Paleozoic Marine Brachiopods
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Palaeobiology Of Middle Paleozoic Marine Brachiopods
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Author : Rituparna Bose
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-05-14
Palaeobiology Of Middle Paleozoic Marine Brachiopods written by Rituparna Bose and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-14 with Science categories.
Fossil species appear to persist morphologically unchanged for long intervals of geologic time, punctuated by short bursts of rapid change as explained by the Ecological Evolutionary Units (EEUs). Here, morphological variation in Paleozoic atrypide morphology at the subfamily level (Atrypinae and Variatrypinae) from the Silurian and Devonian time intervals in the third Paleozoic EEU (~444-359 my) were investigated using relatively new techniques of quantitative modeling. The study explains how a group of closely related taxa in atrypide subfamilies exhibit morphological conservation through time in P3 EEU within the Eastern North America region.
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event
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Author : Barry D. Webby
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2004-04-14
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event written by Barry D. Webby and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-14 with Science categories.
Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489–443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.
Brachiopods
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Author : Howard Brunton
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-11-29
Brachiopods written by Howard Brunton and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-29 with Nature categories.
The growth history of a brachiopod is entombed in its shell, but research on fossil and living brachiopods has generated unanswered questions about these marine invertebrates. Several contributors to Brachiopods Past and Present comment on their differing structures and morphological detail. They use these as examples of ontogenetic and evolutionar
Brachiopods Through Time
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Author : D. I. MacKinnon
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1991-06-01
Brachiopods Through Time written by D. I. MacKinnon and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-06-01 with Science categories.
Morphometric Evolution Of Paleozoic Brachiopods
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Author : Rituparna Bose
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Morphometric Evolution Of Paleozoic Brachiopods written by Rituparna Bose and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Brachiopoda categories.
Atrypida (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellata) are ancient marine invertebrate fossils that are well preserved, abundant and diverse in the mid-Paleozoic (ecological evolutionary unit (EEU) P3). Atrypides thus serve as useful tools for morphological shape study. While qualitative studies have been performed for solving problems in brachiopod taxonomy, phylogeny, evolution and ecology, quantitative studies have been lacking. After qualitative taxonomic identifications, morphological shape of the Silurian-Devonian Eastern North American atrypids was analyzed using geometric morphometrics, placing the results in evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Landmark analysis was performed on dorsal valves, ventral valves, anterior and posterior regions. These data were used for comparison with morphological distances, calculated as pairwise Procrustes distances. Evolutionary divergence times were determined from atrypide phylogeny and from stratigraphic zonations in the Michigan Traverse Group. Maximum likelihood tests were performed to determine evolutionary rates and modes of morphological divergence within and between genera. Episkeletobionts on hosts were examined to determine how morphological variation affected these assemblages. Morphometric results suggest that morphological distances within each genus was as large as those observed between genera. Thus, referring individuals to a particular genus, based on shell shape alone is challenging. Diversifying selection has been acting on morphological divergence of these generic pairs and morphometric distances are consistent with the prior phylogenetic arrangement. Short term changes observed in individual lineages, that gets averaged out in time when compared to other genera, together with considerable morphological overlap observed between genera in P3 EEU, suggests a pattern consistent with stasis, as expected in EEUs. The Traverse Group atrypid species lineage, which represents a 5 m.y. time span, exhibited lightly constrained morphological evolution, reflecting a stasis-like pattern. Greater encrustation preferences on one of two morphotypes on the dorsal valve and posterior region, suggest greater surface area facilitated by relatively deeper profile hosts in their reclining life orientation. Overall, the integration of various paleontological datasets reveal that the seemingly homogenous group of atrypide brachiopods exhibit subtle but significant evolution in their shell shape that is correlated with several kinds of ecological differences.
New Late Paleozoic Brachiopods And Molluscs
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Author : J. Bruce Waterhouse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
New Late Paleozoic Brachiopods And Molluscs written by J. Bruce Waterhouse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Brachiopoda, Fossil categories.
Treatise On Marine Ecology And Paleoecology
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Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on a Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1957
Treatise On Marine Ecology And Paleoecology written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on a Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1957 with Ecology categories.
Functional Morphology Of Brachiopods
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Author : Shou Hwa Chuang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016-08-12
Functional Morphology Of Brachiopods written by Shou Hwa Chuang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-12 with categories.
The book describes the morphology and the functions of the various organ systems of the brachiopods, covering recent lingulids, discinids, craniids, rhynchonellids, terebratulids and terebratellids. It includes the relevant previous publications on the subject and the author's unpublished original observations. Of interest is his illustration of separate periostracum-forming epithelium and skeleton-forming epithelium at the periostracal groove or crypt in Lingula postlarva and Discinisca shelled larva. This serves as an alternative to the interpretation of Williams and Wright (1970) that there was a single epithelium, every individual cell of which moved from the periostracal groove or crypt to the mantle edge like a roller belt and secreted in succession pellicle, periostracum and when it went over the mantle edge, the cell secreted primary layer and finally secondary layer of the skeleton. The author next shows that in the earliest Lingula anatina larva and Discinisca coralliphila shelled larva there was no cuticle connection between the dorsal and the ventral valves, disputing Yatsu's (1902) notion that Lingula valves originated by the bending of a single circular shell. The author's illustration also shows that the intestine and anus of L. anatina larva are present at the 2 p.c. stage after it hatches, disputing Yatsu's (1902) claim that they formed during the 4 p.c. stage. The author also illustrates a rare 10 p.c. L. anatina larva from the Johor Strait with longitudinally divided median tentacle, disproving Yatsu's (1902) notion that the median tentacle atrophied after larval settlement. The author illustrates the differentiation of haemerythrocytes and spindle cells from the mesothelium in the mesothelial ridges of the roof and the floor of the perivisceral cavity, establishing that the spindle cells are a normal constituent of the coelomic fluid and disproving the notion that spindle cells differentiated from muscles fibres. The author spent much time in China, sorting, examining and photographing the exceptionally preserved Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fossils in the various institutions. His revision of the published accounts of them by Chinese palaeontologists and his revision of recent inarticulate brachiopods are presented. It is hoped that his observations and conclusions can earn general acceptance.
Predator Prey Interactions In The Fossil Record
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Author : Patricia H. Kelley
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Predator Prey Interactions In The Fossil Record written by Patricia H. Kelley and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
From the Foreword: "Predator-prey interactions are among the most significant of all organism-organism interactions....It will only be by compiling and evaluating data on predator-prey relations as they are recorded in the fossil record that we can hope to tease apart their role in the tangled web of evolutionary interaction over time. This volume, compiled by a group of expert specialists on the evidence of predator-prey interactions in the fossil record, is a pioneering effort to collate the information now accumulating in this important field. It will be a standard reference on which future study of one of the central dynamics of ecology as seen in the fossil record will be built." (Richard K. Bambach, Professor Emeritus, Virginia Tech, Associate of the Botanical Museum, Harvard University)
Introduction To Paleobiology And The Fossil Record
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Author : Michael J. Benton
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-25
Introduction To Paleobiology And The Fossil Record written by Michael J. Benton and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-25 with Science categories.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. “..any serious student of geology who does not pick this book off the shelf will be putting themselves at a huge disadvantage. The material may be complex, but the text is extremely accessible and well organized, and the book ought to be essential reading for palaeontologists at undergraduate, postgraduate and more advanced levels—both in Britain as well as in North America.” Falcon-Lang, H., Proc. Geol. Assoc. 2010 “...this is an excellent introduction to palaeontology in general. It is well structured, accessibly written and pleasantly informative .....I would recommend this as a standard reference text to all my students without hesitation.” David Norman Geol Mag 2010 Companion website This book includes a companion website at: www.blackwellpublishing.com/paleobiology The website includes: · An ongoing database of additional Practical’s prepared by the authors · Figures from the text for downloading · Useful links for each chapter · Updates from the authors