Parental Care And The Development Of The Parent Offspring Conflict In Discus Fish Symphysodon Spp
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Parental Care And The Development Of The Parent Offspring Conflict In Discus Fish Symphysodon Spp
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Author : Jonathan Buckley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Parental Care And The Development Of The Parent Offspring Conflict In Discus Fish Symphysodon Spp written by Jonathan Buckley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Parental care has evolved across the animal kingdom to increase the probability of offspring surviving in an environment fraught with danger. While parental care is common among mammals and birds, it is relatively rare in fish with the vast majority of fish showing no form of parental care at all, whilst those that do, often just provide parental care to developing eggs pre-hatch. The provision of parental care in discus fish (Symphysodon spp.) is, therefore, interesting in that parents provide mucus to offspring as a source of nutrition during the first few weeks of care. In mammals this post-birth provision of parental care can lead to the development of the parent offspring conflict. It is, however, possible that this conflict is also present in discus fish. This thesis examines both the interesting parental care strategy of discus fish along with the potential for the parent offspring conflict to develop. To examine the dynamics of parental care in discus fish, a range of behavioural and mucus composition studies were carried out. The analysis of mucus revealed that similar to mammals, parents provided offspring with an initial high quantity of nutritional and non-nutritional factors including antibodies (IgM), essential ions and hormones. Behavioural studies also revealed that initially parents were highly diligent in providing care to offspring but that after two weeks of care, the behaviour of parents changed making it harder for offspring to obtain mucus. At this point a weaning period was initiated where offspring began spending less time with parents and more time foraging for external food sources. The initiation of this weaning period suggests the presence of the parent offspring conflict and indicates that a point is reached where the energetic demands of offspring are too great and that energy is better invested in to future offspring. Research into the bite size and feeding rate of fry suggest that during the weaning period fry could demand excessive amounts of mucus, which may be energetically unsustainable leading to the observed offspring avoiding behaviour of parents. As parental care behaviour is known to be intimately associated with mate choice, mate choice behaviour was also assessed in discus fish with the hypothesis that the ability to provide mucus would be selected for by prospective mates. While my dietary experiment did not influence mucus quality, the mate choice experiment did reveal the importance of hierarchies in discus fish, indicating that dominant individuals were significantly more likely to pair than subordinates. This is similar to that observed in closely related cichlids where the ability to be dominant and protect a territory was indicative of the ability to successfully raise offspring. In conclusion, the parental care behaviour of discus fish appears to share more similarities with that seen in mammals than that observed in fish. The implications of these findings indicate that parental care in discus fish could be a new model of parent offspring conflict hitherto unseen in fish which could ultimately help our understanding of the evolution of parental care in fish.
Encyclopedia Of Fish Physiology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-06-01
Encyclopedia Of Fish Physiology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-01 with Science categories.
Fish form an extremely diverse group of vertebrates. At a conservative estimate at least 40% of the world's vertebrates are fish. On the one hand they are united by their adaptations to an aquatic environment and on the other they show a variety of adaptations to differing environmental conditions - often to extremes of temperature, salinity, oxygen level and water chemistry. They exhibit an array of behavioural and reproductive systems. Interesting in their own right, this suite of adaptive physiologies provides many model systems for both comparative vertebrate and human physiologists. This four volume encyclopedia covers the diversity of fish physiology in over 300 articles and provides entry level information for students and summary overviews for researchers alike. Broadly organised into four themes, articles cover Functional, Thematic, and Phylogenetic Physiology, and Fish Genomics. Functional articles address the traditional aspects of fish physiology that are common to all areas of vertebrate physiology including: Reproduction, Respiration, Neural (Sensory, Central, Effector), Endocrinology, Renal, Cardiovascular, Acid-base Balance, Osmoregulation, Ionoregulation, Digestion, Metabolism, Locomotion, and so on. Thematic Physiology articles are carefully selected and fewer in number. They provide a level of integration that goes beyond the coverage in the Functional Physiology topics and include discussions of Toxicology, Air-breathing, Migrations, Temperature, Endothermy, etc. Phylogenetic Physiology articles bring together information that bridges the physiology of certain groupings of fishes where the knowledge base has a sufficient depth and breadth and include articles on Ancient Fishes, Tunas, Sharks, etc. Genomics articles describe the underlying genetic component of fish physiology and high light their suitability and use as model organisms for the study of disease, stress and physiological adaptations and reactions to external conditions. Winner of a 2011 PROSE Award Honorable Mention for Multivolume Science Reference from the Association of American Publishers The definitive encyclopedia for the field of fish physiology Three volumes which comprehensively cover the entire field in over 300 entries written by experts Detailed coverage of basic functional physiology of fishes, physiological themes in fish biology and comparative physiology amongst taxonomic Groups Describes the genomic bases of fish physiology and biology and the use of fish as model organisms in human physiological research Includes a glossary of terms
Issues In Biological And Life Sciences Research 2011 Edition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09
Issues In Biological And Life Sciences Research 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Science categories.
Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biological and Life Sciences Research. The editors have built Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biological and Life Sciences Research in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biological and Life Sciences Research: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
The Behavior Ecology And Evolution Of Cichlid Fishes
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Author : Maria E. Abate
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-19
The Behavior Ecology And Evolution Of Cichlid Fishes written by Maria E. Abate and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-19 with Science categories.
This volume constitutes the most recent and most comprehensive consideration of the largest family of bony fishes, the Cichlidae. This book offers an integrated perspective of cichlid fishes ranging from conservation of threatened species to management of cichlids as invasive species themselves. Long-standing models of taxonomy and systematics are subjected to the most recent applications and interpretations of molecular evidence and multivariate analyses; and cichlid adaptive radiations at different scales are elucidated. The incredible diversity of endemic cichlid species in African lakes is revisited as possible examples of sympatric speciation and as serious cases for management in complex anthropogenic environments. Extreme hydrology and bathymetry as driver of micro-allopatric speciation is explored in the African riverine hotspot of diversity of the lower Congo River. Dramatic new molecular evidence draws attention to the complex taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical cichlids including the crater lakes of Central America. Molecular genetics, genomics, imaging tools and field study techniques assess the roles of natural, sexual and kin selection in shaping cichlid traits and beyond. The complex behavioral adaptations of cichlids are considered from a number of sub-disciplines including sensory biology, neurobiology, development, and evolutionary ecology. Most importantly, this volume puts forth a wealth of new interpretations, explanatory hypotheses and proposals for practical management and applications that will shape the future for these remarkable fishes in nature as well as their use as models for the study of biology.
Fish Histology
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Author : Doaa M. Mokhtar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-05-18
Fish Histology written by Doaa M. Mokhtar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-18 with Nature categories.
This new volume provides up-to-date information that emphasizes the relationships and concepts by which cell and tissue structures of fish are inextricably linked with their function. The book also describes the most recent development in the sciences of fish histology. Covers the normal histology of six fish species, the book provides detailed information on the histology of all organs of teleosts and includes 130 original photomicrographs, tables, updated terminology, and expanded information, with over 100 in color. This new volume, Fish Histology: From Cells to Organs, provides up-to-date information that emphasizes the relationships and concepts by which cell and tissue structures of fish are inextricably linked with their function. The book also describes the most recent development in the sciences of fish histology. Histology is the discipline of biology that involves the microscopic examination of tissue sections in order to study their structure and correlate it with function. Histology can detect signs of disease not easily recognized on gross examination and can therefore be of interest in fish health supervision. With fish constituting nearly 60% of all vertebrate species and of major worldwide economic importance as a food source, the information presented here will be valuable. The volume begins with concise introduction into the histological techniques for fish sampling, followed by an accurate up-to-date description of fish tissues. A chapter is devoted to each organ and organ systems in fish body as well. In addition, the book includes particular diagrams to illustrate the structure of organs and to enhance the usefulness of the text. This volume is designed for use by veterinary medical scientists, researchers, biologists, ichthyologists, fish farmers, veterinarians working in fisheries and, of course, by comparative histologists who want to learn more about the fish world. As a further aid to learning and identification, numerous photomicrographs and electron micrographs accompany the text, with particular emphasis on diagrams and tables to summarize morphologic and functional features of cells, tissues, and organs.
The Biology And Culture Of Tilapias
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Author : Roger S. V. Pullin
language : en
Publisher: WorldFish
Release Date : 1982
The Biology And Culture Of Tilapias written by Roger S. V. Pullin and has been published by WorldFish this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Cichlids categories.
This conference brought together 19 tilapia biologists and experimental culturists from 10 countries. It was designed from the outset as a technical conference on the basic biology of the tilapias and applications in culture systems. The conference did not consider the commercial aspects of tilapia culture.
Action Before Extinction
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Author : World Fisheries Trust
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Action Before Extinction written by World Fisheries Trust and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Biodiversity conservation categories.
Shorebirds
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Author : J. Burger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Shorebirds written by J. Burger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Among birds, shorebirds provide some of the more unique opportunities to examine basic problems in behavior, ecology, and evolution. This is in large measure due to the diversity, both behaviorally and ecologically, of a group closely related taxonomically and distributed throughout the world. The overall aim of these two volumes is to provide a representative selection of current research being conducted on shorebird behavior and ecology. Traditionally, marine birds have included those species that breed in large colonies on offshore islands along coasts (see Volume 4 of this series). Although shorebirds have generally not been considered within this group, the fact that almost 40% of the species breed along coasts and more than 60% often or always spend the nonbreeding season in coastal habitats more than justifies their inclusion as marine birds (at least those species that totally or partially depend upon the marine environment). Their inclusion markedly increases species diversity in marine birds since shorebirds add about 217 species to the 280 that are traditionally thought of as marine.
The Evolution Of Parental Care
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Author : Nick J. Royle
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-09
The Evolution Of Parental Care written by Nick J. Royle and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-09 with Science categories.
Parental care includes a wide variety of traits that enhance offspring development and survival. This novel book provides a fresh perspective on the current state of the study of the evolution of parental care, written by some of the top researchers in the field, and taking a broad taxonomic approach.
Sexual Conflict
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Author : Göran Arnqvist
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2013-11-28
Sexual Conflict written by Göran Arnqvist and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-28 with Science categories.
The past decade has seen a profound change in the scientific understanding of reproduction. The traditional view of reproduction as a joint venture undertaken by two individuals, aimed at replicating their common genome, is being challenged by a growing body of evidence showing that the evolutionary interests of interacting males and females diverge. This book demonstrates that, despite a shared genome, conflicts between interacting males and females are ubiquitous, and that selection in the two sexes is continuously pulling this genome in opposite directions. These conflicts drive the evolution of a great variety of those traits that distinguish the sexes and also contribute to the diversification of lineages. Göran Arnqvist and Locke Rowe present an array of evidence for sexual conflict throughout nature, and they set these conflicts into the well-established theoretical framework of sexual selection. The recognition of conflict between the sexes is transforming our theories for the evolution of mating systems and the sexes themselves. Written by two top researchers in the field, Sexual Conflict is the first book to describe this transformation. It is a must read for all scholars and students interested in the evolutionary biology of reproduction.