Parking Policy As A Mechanism To Reduce Car Ownership And Use
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Parking Policy As A Mechanism To Reduce Car Ownership And Use
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Author : Elizabeth Jean Farr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Parking Policy As A Mechanism To Reduce Car Ownership And Use written by Elizabeth Jean Farr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The vast majority of Americans own a car, despite its high cost and low utilization rate. Through a stated preference survey in Washington D.C., Chicago, Dallas, and Seattle metro areas, I find that people value their car at $11,197, and the majority of that value comes from owning the car, rather than from using it. The ownership value comes in part from the "option value," that the car is sitting in a parking spot, waiting to be used whenever and however the owner wishes. Parking enables this value. In the next set of results, I find that parking-related variables, like the built environment and employer-provided parking benefits, also impact car use. Though these findings point to the potential for policymakers to use parking policy to reduce car ownership and use, American cities are notorious for having an oversupply of underpriced parking. To investigate why parking policies may be underutilized, I interview and survey parking officials. I find that officials are not trying to use parking policy to reduce car ownership or to disincentivize cars. Officials face strong resistance to such policies by businesses and residents that live near to where they will be implemented. I conclude with several policy recommendations aimed at enabling policymakers to better utilize parking policy to reduce car ownership and use, including policies relating to reframed goals and metrics and shifting power to balance localized stakeholder needs better with recipients of larger scale benefits. Lastly, in order for parking policy to be truly effective in reducing car use and ownership, I recognize that land use policy and mobility system improvements must be deployed to provide truly viable non-private car alternatives that replicate the option value of car ownership
Parking
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2014-08-26
Parking written by and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-26 with Transportation categories.
This book adds to the debate with respect to parking covering the issues of supply and demand, the various policy measures, namely economic, regulatory, regional wide or organisational in addition to carefully selected case studies, along with the future direction of parking policy.
Residential Parking Costs And Car Ownership
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Author : Francis Ostermeijer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Residential Parking Costs And Car Ownership written by Francis Ostermeijer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Residents are often offered on-street parking at a fraction of the market price which may cause excess car ownership. However, residential parking costs are difficult to observe, so we propose an approach to estimate implicit residential parking costs and then examine the effect of these costs on household car ownership. We apply our approach to the four largest metropolitan areas of the Netherlands. Our results indicate that for city centres, annual residential parking costs are around €1000, or roughly 17 percent of car ownership costs, and are more than double the costs in the periphery. Our empirical estimates indicate that the disparity in parking costs explains around 30% of the difference in average car ownership rates between these areas and corresponds to a price elasticity of car demand of about -0.7. We apply these estimates to gauge the potential implications of automated vehicles which suggests that, if residents no longer require parking nearby their homes, car demand in city centres may increase by 8 to 14 percent.
Parking Policy In Asian Cities
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Author : Paul Barter
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2011-07-01
Parking Policy In Asian Cities written by Paul Barter and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-01 with Transportation categories.
Most Asian cities are facing an acute parking crisis as a result of rapid urbanization and motorization, and high urban densities. Parking policy is an important component of a holistic approach to sustainable urban transport across the region. The report provides an international comparative perspective on parking policy in Asian cities, while highlighting the nature of the policy choices available. It is a step in building a knowledge base to address the knowledge gap on parking and the lack of adequate guidance for parking policy in Asia.
Guidance On The Use Of Market Mechanisms To Reduce Transportation Emissions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Guidance On The Use Of Market Mechanisms To Reduce Transportation Emissions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Air categories.
The Implementation And Effectiveness Of Transport Demand Management Measures
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Author : Tom Rye
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-03
The Implementation And Effectiveness Of Transport Demand Management Measures written by Tom Rye and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-03 with Political Science categories.
Congestion and traffic-related pollution are increasingly becoming major issues in towns and cities world-wide. This book deals with carefully selected market and non-market based measures to reduce congestion, and their implementation and effectiveness in tackling the problem. The book features a multi-authored research-based text comprising 12 individual chapters that draw upon relevant case studies. The authors were specifically chosen for their global expertise in terms of the respective Demand Management Tools. Drawing on international case studies, the book details the role played internationally by selected Transport Demand Management (TDM) measures in dealing with both congestion and traffic-related pollution in urban areas, focusing on their relative merits and in particular their effectiveness and the issues surrounding implementation.
The Impact Of Curbside Parking Regulations On Car Ownership
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Author : Daniel Albalate
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Impact Of Curbside Parking Regulations On Car Ownership written by Daniel Albalate and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Handbook On Transport And Urban Transformation In China
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Author : Chia-Lin Chen
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2020-03-28
Handbook On Transport And Urban Transformation In China written by Chia-Lin Chen and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Since 1978, when China embarked on a new period of economic reforms and introduced open door policies, it has experienced a great urban transformation. The role of transport has proved indispensable in this unprecedented rapid urbanisation and economic growth. As the first research-focused book dedicated to this important topic, the Handbook on Transport and Urban Transformation in China offers new insight into the various opportunities and challenges brought by fast-paced motorization and urban development, and explores them in broad spatial-economic, environmental, social, and institutional dimensions.
The Future Of Transport Between Digitalization And Decarbonization
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Author : Michel Noussan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-04-30
The Future Of Transport Between Digitalization And Decarbonization written by Michel Noussan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Energy systems are rapidly transitioning towards decarbonization, thanks in part to innovative digital technologies and changing mobility demands. This open access book examines the decarbonization and digitalization transformation in the transport sector, with a particular focus on energy consumption. By studying historical trends and outlining future scenarios, the authors illustrate the evolution of energy consumption in the transport sector, compare alternative decarbonization strategies, and analyze digitalization trends and their effects on energy consumption. The book addresses a broad readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy and transport industries, as well as readers interested in the ongoing debate over energy, mobility and climate change.
Reducing Air Pollution From Urban Passenger Transport
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Author : Mark Heil
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Reducing Air Pollution From Urban Passenger Transport written by Mark Heil and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Air categories.
October 1998 A policy considered in isolation may be ineffective because of the countervailing impact of other factors. And the success of a policy may itself lead to perverse incentives. Thus it is important to design complementary policies that support the original goal. Controlling air pollution from urban transport requires attention to land use planning, transport needs and modes, and air quality. Air quality is declining in urban areas, in part because of the rapid motorization of societies worldwide. To combat the problem, various pollution control strategies have been used or proposed for urban passenger transport. Heil and Pargal develop a simple framework to analyze these strategies. The virtue of this framework is its simplicity and its separation of factors. The authors examine the point of impact of different policy levers and categorize different instruments in a way that should help policymakers choose among them. The framework explicitly recognizes behavioral incentives, especially the fact that offsetting changes in consumer behavior can often undermine the original intent of particular policies. Among the findings: * Policies aimed at improving transport efficiency often improve air quality at the same time. * But supply-side policies to relieve traffic congestion sometimes conflict with supply-side measures to control air pollution. Improvements in roads and traffic, for example, may increase private motorized traffic conditions, making it difficult to assess the net effect of the improvements on air pollution. * There seems to be considerable scope for low-cost solutions to air quality problems associated with the transport sector. Inexpensive, low-technology solutions, such as establishing bus lanes or paving dirt roads, substantially improve both transport efficiency and air quality. * Behavioral change is difficult when viable transport alternatives are unavailable. A viable public transport system is essential to reduce transport-caused air pollution in densely populated areas. * Fuel and emission standards should become stricter over time. Standards should be gradually ratcheted up to give domestic auto industries the incentive to develop and adopt cleaner technology. This paper-a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study the impact of motorization on air pollution. Sheoli Pargal may be contacted at [email protected].