Passenger Transport In China Under Climate Constraints
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Passenger Transport In China Under Climate Constraints
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Author : Paul N. Kishimoto
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Passenger Transport In China Under Climate Constraints written by Paul N. Kishimoto and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Vehicle sales and road travel volume in China have grown rapidly in recent years, and with them energy demand, greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution. Aviation and rail travel have also grown, while ceding a large share to private vehicles. What path will household transport demand in China take in the future? How might it interact with policies which limit greenhouse gases, and what are the implications for energy use, the environment and the economy? To contribute policy insights and a foundation for future study in this area, I undertake a new calibration of the Chinese household transport sector in the MIT Emissions Prediction & Policy Analysis (EPPA) computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, implementing income elasticities of demand for vehicle travel and vehicle stock growth based on historical data. To bracket uncertainty in the literature, I impose three scenarios of future growth in demand for purchased (air, rail and marine) and vehicle modes. These are explored under a no-policy baseline, a climate-stabilization policy, and with a policy that extends the emissions-intensity goal of China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan-both policies are modelled as caps creating prices on carbon. Examining the results, I find that trends in growth are only modesty affected by policy continuing present energy-intensity goals, with small decreases in travel activity and energy intensity of vehicles combining for a reduction in refined oil use; such a policy has modest cost and affects household transport less than other sectors. In contrast, my results show that a stringent emissions cap has large impacts on vehicle efficiency, limits vehicle ownership and general travel activity levels. Compared to the no-policy baseline, a smaller vehicle fleet (250 million total, or 200 per 1000 capita). Sixteen percent of the fleet is new energy vehicles (plug-in hybrid-electrics), while total refined oil use increases by 2050 to nearly three times its 2010 level. However, these effects come with a reduction in total primary energy as the policy is introduced, and large costs economy-wide. Chinese national and municipal policies include objectives of promoting vehicle ownership and mobility on the one hand, and of reducing dependence on carbon-intensive refined oil on the other. My findings illustrate that these goals are at odds, and offer inputs to policy design related to vehicle sales, public transit, congestion, pollution and energy security.
Unsustainable Transport And Transition In China
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Author : Becky PY Loo
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-01-02
Unsustainable Transport And Transition In China written by Becky PY Loo and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This book discusses various transport sustainability issues from the perspective of developing countries, exploring key issues, problems and potential solutions for improving transport sustainability in China. It first reviews the current transport sustainability baselines in the three key dimensions of environmental, economic and social sustainability, via an international comparison encompassing both developed and developing countries in different world regions. Then, with a time frame up to 2030, the study groups 100 major Chinese cities according to their baseline conditions, projected population and economic growth, and common sustainability challenges in passenger transport. A systematic attempt is made to discuss the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of various emerging sustainable transport strategies, including the metro systems, bus rapid transit, light rail, bicycles (and e-bicycles), electric vehicles and walking. Based on the different city clusters identified, the study then explores the opportunities and constraints of introducing a range of emerging sustainable transport strategies through both statistical analysis and detailed fieldwork. Future directions and challenges are identified based on official documents, onsite observations and interviews with local people. The study concludes with thoughts on sustainable transport in smart cities, the importance of governance, local participation, internal and external city movements, and towards a holistic sustainable transport plan. Unsustainable Transport and Transition in China will be of great interest to scholars interested in carbon emissions, climate change, environmental policy, planning, road safety, sustainability, transportation and urban studies, and is relevant to China and other developing countries.
Modeling Regional Transportation Demand In China And The Impacts Of A National Carbon Constraint
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Modeling Regional Transportation Demand In China And The Impacts Of A National Carbon Constraint written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Climate and energy policy in China will have important and uneven impacts on the country's regionally heterogeneous transport system. In order to simulate these impacts, transport sector detail is added to a multi-sector, static, global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which resolves China's provinces as distinct regions. This framework is used to perform an analysis of national-level greenhouse gas (GHG) policies. Freight, commercial passenger and household (private vehicle) transport are separately represented, with the former two categories further disaggregated into road and non-road modes. The preparation of model inputs is described, including assembly of a provincial transport data set from publicly-available statistics. Two policies are analyzed: the first represents China's target of a 17% reduction in GHG emissions intensity of GDP during the Twelfth Five Year Plan (12FYP), and the second China's Copenhagen target of a 40-45% reduction in the same metric during the period 2005-2020. We find significant heterogeneity in regional transport impacts. We find that both freight and passenger transportation in some of the poorest provinces are most adversely affected, as their energy-intensive resource and industrial sectors offer many of the least-cost abatement opportunities, and the transformation of their energy systems strongly affects transport demand. At the national level, we find that road freight is the transport sector affected most by policy, likely due to its high energy intensity and limited low-cost opportunities for improving efficiency. The type and degree of regional disparity in impacts is relevant to central and provincial government decisions which set and allocate climate, energy and transport policy targets. We describe how this research establishes a basis for regional CGE analysis of the economic, energy and environmental impacts of transport-focused policies including vehicle ownership restrictions, taxation of driving activity or fuels, and the supply of public transit.
Intercity Transport And Climate Change
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Author : Yoshitsugu Hayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-10
Intercity Transport And Climate Change written by Yoshitsugu Hayashi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-10 with Business & Economics categories.
While intercity passenger transport counts for about 2% of the total passenger transport volume the share of the total passenger kilometers traveled is estimated more than one third. In many countries the major part of intercity transport is performed by car and air and as a result, the contribution to the carbon footprint is substantially higher than the share of overall passenger transport performance. This creates a challenge to develop a sustainable organization of intercity transport which requires a true joint effort of policy makers, industry sectors and households. This presupposes that all options for reducing the carbon footprint of the transport modes – car, air and rail – are fully exploited through modern propulsion technology, use of regenerative energy and efficient organization of transport processes. Basic conditions for meeting this requirement are an incentive compatible public framework of regulation, taxation, charging and education, the private willingness to adjust to new behavioral patterns and a consequent push of technological progress towards energy and CO2 savings. This book begins with an international comparison of intercity transport and the current state of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of this transport segment. A focus is given to comparing the situation in the EU, the US and Japan while describing the more recent development of intercity transport in China, followed by an analysis of intercity transport policies and their contribution to meet the global climate change issues. This book will be of interest to researchers in transportation economics and policy, as well as civil engineering and planning.
Railways And Sustainable Low Carbon Mobility In China
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Author : Linna Li
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-17
Railways And Sustainable Low Carbon Mobility In China written by Linna Li and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-17 with Political Science categories.
This book explores the role of railways in developing sustainable low-carbon mobility by analyzing the intermodal relationship between railways and other transport modes. Focusing on geographical and governance perspectives, and taking China as a case study, it analyzes the competition and cooperation between and integration of railways and other transport modes, in order to provide guidance on future sustainable transport development. Firstly, the book examines the contribution of railways to low carbon emissions in China over recent decades by estimating the carbon dioxide emissions from various transport modes in China at national and regional levels using decomposition analysis. It then discusses the current competition and cooperation between railways and other transport modes, as well as their integration and the impact of their relationship on climate change. It also highlights how the competition between railways and other transport modes may change the passenger flows between city pairs and so alter transport carbon emissions and examines how cooperation and integration could improve passengers’ travel experience while at the same time reducing carbon emissions. Lastly, it addresses the implications for future sustainable transport development based on institutional analysis. Presenting multidisciplinary, sustainable transport research on the role of railways in reducing carbon emissions, and also offering policy recommendations for developing low-carbon, integrated transport in the future, this book is a valuable reference resource for graduates, researchers, and government managers responsible for transport development, urban planning and environmental policy.
Green Transportation And Energy Consumption In China
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Author : Jian Chai
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-06-26
Green Transportation And Energy Consumption In China written by Jian Chai and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides insights into China’s energy consumption and pollution as well as its energy saving policies. It explores energy saving ways and argues for an energy consumption revolution, which includes technologies to improve transportation resource efficiency, modification of existing transportation infrastructure and structure. This book uses various analytical models to study the relationships within the transportation system. It also includes comparative analysis of China, Japan, the US and developing countries on traffic demand and transportation energy consumption. This book highlights the urgent need to review China’s current transportation policies in order to secure a breakthrough in energy saving and emissions reduction.
Transportation In A Climate Constrained World
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Author : Andreas Schäfer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009
Transportation In A Climate Constrained World written by Andreas Schäfer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Architecture categories.
A discussion of the opportunities and challenges involved in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from passenger travel.
Sustainable Transport Solutions
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018-11-30
Sustainable Transport Solutions written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication discusses the real-world performance data of low-carbon buses in the People's Republic of China. This publication discusses the real-world performance data of low-carbon buses in the People's Republic of China. It also reviews the environmental and financial impacts, as well as the policies used to promote them. The People's Republic of China has taken the lead in the deployment of low-carbon buses and is moving toward full electrification to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Data and information in this publication can benefit countries interested in promoting low-carbon buses to design appropriate support climate change policies.
Turning The Right Corner
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Author : Andreas Kopp
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-06-27
Turning The Right Corner written by Andreas Kopp and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-27 with Business & Economics categories.
Transport provides access to public services for the poor, opens up trade opportunities, and maximizes the benefits of urbanization: the mobility of people and goods drives development. So how can we protect the role of transport in times of scarcer fuels, costly and harmful carbon emissions, and the rising threat of extreme weather events? This is the central question that this book seeks to answer. Turning the Right Corner: Ensuring Development through a Low-Carbon Transport Sector finds that adopting new vehicle technologies and alternative fuels will not be enough to curb greenhouse gas emissions from transport: new patterns of mobility will also be needed. In developing countries where past infrastructure investments have not yet locked in particular transport modes, there is an opportunity to contain emissions by harnessing low-emission modes of transport. The book argues that the transition to low-carbon mobility is not only urgently needed if economies are to avoid becoming locked into high-carbon growth, but is also affordable. It outlines how countries can combine policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with broader sector reforms that generate new fiscal resources to finance the transition in addition to carbon financing and international assistance. Turning the Right Corner: Ensuring Development through a Low-Carbon Transport Sector will be of interest to policy makers, academics, and development practitioners with an interest in transport. It will help decision makers better understand how to contain the transport sector's contribution to climate change and protect transport infrastructure and services from severe weather events.
Transportation In A Climate Constrained World
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Author : Andreas Schafer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2009-04-17
Transportation In A Climate Constrained World written by Andreas Schafer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-17 with Science categories.
A discussion of the opportunities and challenges involved mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from passenger travel. In the nineteenth century, horse transportation consumed vast amounts of land for hay production, and the intense traffic and ankle-deep manure created miserable living conditions in urban centers. The introduction of the horseless carriage solved many of these problems but has created others. Today another revolution in transportation seems overdue. Transportation consumes two-thirds of the world's petroleum and has become the largest contributor to global environmental change. Most of this increase in scale can be attributed to the strong desire for personal mobility that comes with economic growth. InTransportation in a Climate-Constrained World, the authors present the first integrated assessment of the factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from passenger transportation. They examine such topics as past and future travel demand; the influence of personal and business choices on passenger travel's climate impact; technologies and alternative fuels that may become available to mitigate GHG emissions from passenger transport; and policies that would promote a more sustainable transportation system. And most important, taking into account all of these options are taken together, they consider how to achieve a sustainable transportation system in the next thirty to fifty years.