Passives Cross Linguistically
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Passives Cross Linguistically
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Author : Kleanthes K. Grohmann
language : en
Publisher: Empirical Approaches to Lingui
Release Date : 2021
Passives Cross Linguistically written by Kleanthes K. Grohmann and has been published by Empirical Approaches to Lingui this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
"The chapters collected in the volume Passives Cross-Linguistically provide analyses of passive constructions across different languages and populations from the interface perspectives between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. The contributions are, in principle, all based on the background of generative grammatical theory. In addition to the theoretical contributions of the first part of this volume, all solidly built on rich empirical bases, some experimental works are presented, which explore passives from a psycholinguistic perspective based on theoretical insights. The languages/language families covered in the contributions include South Asian languages (Odia/Indo-Aryan and Telugu/Dravidian, but also Kharia/Austro-Asiatic), Japanese, Arabic, English, German, Modern Greek, and several modern Romance varieties (Catalan, Romanian, and especially southern Italian dialects) as well as Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek"--
Passives Cross Linguistically
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-02-08
Passives Cross Linguistically written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-08 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The volume Passives Cross-Linguistically provides analyses of passive constructions across different languages and populations from the interface perspectives between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In addition to the theoretical contributions, some experimental works are presented, which explore passives from psycholinguistic perspectives.
Studies Of Passive Clauses
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Author : Paul Martin Postal
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1986-01-01
Studies Of Passive Clauses written by Paul Martin Postal and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In this work, Paul M. Postal supports the universalist theory of language by examining passive clauses. Contrary to a skeptical tradition, Postal argues that passive clauses are cross-linguistically identifiable and characterizable. This study proposes refinements of the analysis of the natural language grammatical category Passive Clause. These refinements include an account of the notion 'dummy nominal,' central to the analysis of impersonal passive clauses; additions permitting a proper typology of the major known subtypes of Passive Clause; a generalization permitting application to clauses whose subjects are not earlier level direct objects; and, construction of precise rule concepts to represent restrictions on passive clauses. The passive domain supports the universalist approach in three distinguishable ways: (1) by permitting formulation of otherwise apparently unstatable lawful characteristics of all passive structures; (2) by facilitating statement of language-specific passive constraints holding in diverse languages; and, (3) by allowing uniform statement in grammars of recurrent constraints on passives. Each mode of support is applied to actual cases based on material from more than a dozen languages from English and French to Quiche (Mayan) and Chi-Mwi:ni (Bantu).
Passives And The Loss Of Verb Second
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Passives And The Loss Of Verb Second written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
During the fourteenth and fifteenth century, the English language went through two quite remarkable changes: it lost the verb-second (V2) system that is characteristic of many Germanic languages, and it saw the introduction of three cross-linguistically rare passive. This thesis asks whether these two developments are connected, not just because they take place around the same time, but more importantly, because the passive and V2 perform similar information-structural functions in the language. Using this case study, it aims to shed light on the interaction between syntax and information structure. 0The studies in this thesis show that the loss of V2 has larger consequences than just a change in the order of subject and finite verb. After the loss of V2, English gradually becomes a predominantly subject-initial language and the presubject position becomes mostly reserved for contrastive or focused material. It is argued that this new organization of the initial positions in the clause and the importance of the subject as an unmarked theme leads to an increase in 'subject strategies', i.e. means to put an argument in subject position: passives, middles and a range of non-agentive subjects. The loss of V2 also means a reduction of the options for rearranging arguments to achieve a given-before-new order of information, an important cross-linguistic function. The passive remains as one of the few options to achieve this effect and it is argued that this is the reason for the increase in the use of the passive in English after the loss of V2.
Developmental Perspectives On The Acquisition Of The Passive
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Author : Jean Lenore Crawford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Developmental Perspectives On The Acquisition Of The Passive written by Jean Lenore Crawford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Theoretical Aspects Of Passivization In The Framework Of Applicative Grammar
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Author : Jean-Pierre Desclés
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1985-01-01
Theoretical Aspects Of Passivization In The Framework Of Applicative Grammar written by Jean-Pierre Desclés and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Passivization is explained by using the formalism of combinatory logic. The agented passive is derived from the agentless as follows: a term denoting an agent is transposed into a predicate modifier and applied to the passive predicate of the agentless construction. The passive predicate consists of two parts: 1) the two-place converse of the active predicate and 2) a zero unspecified term to which the converse predicate is applied. The passive is not derived from but is related to the active. The modifier of the passive predicate is the functional counterpart of the subject in the active. The proposed hypothesis gives an adequate solution to problems arising from various types of passive constructions. Passivization and antipassivization are defined as instances of a general cross-linguistic process involving conversion.
A New Look At The Passive
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Author : Paul Kent Andersen
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften
Release Date : 1991
A New Look At The Passive written by Paul Kent Andersen and has been published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Foreign Language Study categories.
A new look at the passive is an investigation of the possibility of establishing a cross-linguistically valid characterization of the passive in terms of its morphological and syntactic properties. When it comes to morphology it is demonstrated that the traditional conception of the morpheme with its emphasis on the relationship between form and meaning must be replaced by a semiotic framework which distinguishes structural and functional properties of morphological categories. The passive is then shown to be a functional property of various, yet distinct morphological categories and not a structural property of a single category; thus the passive cannot be defined as a cross-linguistically valid morphological category. When it comes to syntax it is demonstrated that the passive cannot be defined as a syntactic structure, a syntactic process, nor a means of changing grammatical functions/relations. It is furthermore demonstrated that current typological attempts at defining the passive in terms of a prototype fail to give us a valid characterization of the passive. Finally, it is suggested that the passive can be defined as a complex cognitive structure composed of a number of distinct features, each of which corresponds to the structural meaning/function of those individual morphological categories that are employed in the expression of passive constructions.
Voice
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Author : Barbara A. Fox
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Voice written by Barbara A. Fox and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The volume's central concern is grammatical voice, traditionally known as diathesis, and its classical manifestations as Active, Middle, and Passive. While numerous problems in the meaning, syntax, and morphology of these categories in Indo-European remain unsolved, their counterparts in more exotic languages have raised still further questions. What discourse functions and diachronic events unite 'voice' as a recognizable phenomenon across languages? How are they typically grammaticalized? What stages do children go through in learning them? How does 'voice' link up with ergativity and with other categories and constructions such as the Inverse and the Antipassive? The authors in this volume have different perspectives on these problems: they discuss voice, e.g., from a typological-universal view, in relation to language acquisition and to ergativity, and from diachronic and cross-linguistic perspectives.
Bare Passives And Relative Clauses In Be Passive Form As Modifiers
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Author : Annika Onken
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2008
Bare Passives And Relative Clauses In Be Passive Form As Modifiers written by Annika Onken and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Münster, 9 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: 1Introduction In order to learn more about the English language and how it is actually used by the native speaker community I am going to investigate the occurrence of bare passives as modifiers and of relative clauses in be-passive form which can be compared to the former in its function as modifier. With help of the queries I will find out how many of these constructions exist in The Penn Treebank and then take a closer look at the beginning of sentences. Which of these two grammatical phenomenon is more frequent at the beginnings of sentences and why? Firstly in this term paper, I will introduce the grammatical phenomenon of the passive voice with its variants 'be-passive', 'get-passive' and 'bare passive' by contrasting it to the active voice. Furthermore I will explain the development of the different queries needed for the research whose findings will be discussed subsequent to that.
The Underspecification Of Past Participles
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Author : Dennis Wegner
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-02-19
The Underspecification Of Past Participles written by Dennis Wegner and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-19 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Are the past participial forms that occur in passive and perfect periphrases substantially identical or should they rather be distinguished into accidentally homophonous passive and perfect(ive) participles? This book discusses the long-standing mystery of past participial (non-)identity on the basis of a broad range of synchronic data from Germanic and Romance, eventually focussing on German and English as these draw the most relevant distinctions (e.g. auxiliary alternation, a passive auxiliary that is not BE). Together with some contrastive insights from Slavic as well as the diachrony of passive and perfect periphrases, this clearly points to an identity-view. The novel approach that is laid out suggests that past participles conflate diathetic and aspectual properties. The former cause the suppression of an external argument, whereas the latter impose event-structure sensitive perfectivity, which only induces the completion of a situation if the underlying eventuality denotes a simple change of state. An approach along these lines sheds light on the intricate properties of past participles and the auxiliaries they occur with, the determinants of auxiliary selection as well as the interplay of argument and event structure.
