Pedogenesis Soil Mineralogy And Soil Carbon Dynamics In Sierra Nevada Conifer Systems Of California
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Pedogenesis Soil Mineralogy And Soil Carbon Dynamics In Sierra Nevada Conifer Systems Of California
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Author : Craig Rasmussen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Pedogenesis Soil Mineralogy And Soil Carbon Dynamics In Sierra Nevada Conifer Systems Of California written by Craig Rasmussen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Forest soils categories.
Controls On The Fate Structure And Function Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Three California Soils
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Author : Sarah Lynn Pittiglio
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Controls On The Fate Structure And Function Of Dissolved Organic Carbon And Nitrogen In Three California Soils written by Sarah Lynn Pittiglio and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Understanding how changes in climate and the geographical distribution of terrestrial ecosystems alter the composition, concentrations, and movement of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) within the soil profile has important implications for soil nutrient fluxes, carbon (C) sequestration and water quality. A series of field and laboratory experiments evaluated how temperature, incubation time and litter source influenced the chemical composition of DOC and how differences in composition influenced DOC and DON biodegradation dynamics and adsorption to the mineral soil. The sites included a California grassland, oak woodland and mixed conifer stand. Reciprocal transplants of litter and soil from all sites were installed at each field location. At these sites, leachate was collected during two rainy seasons. Measured levels of DOC, DON and SUVA 254 differed significantly with litter origin and or soil type. Concentrations of DON in leachates from the conifer site soil were significantly lower than those from the other soils, probably because the conifer soil had a high concentration of pedogenic Fe oxides which are known to strongly adsorb DON. After15 months of exposure to grass and oak surface litter at the field sites, soil from the conifer field site had significantly increased soil C, soil C:N and water extractable DOC. These increases indicate that the soils at the conifer site in the Sierra Nevada foothills could potentially store increased levels of soil C if grassland and oak woodland vegetation shift into this area. In the laboratory, leachate solutions were created by incubating litter from the three sites at 4, 20 or 30 °C for 5, 15 or 96 hrs and then characterizing the resulting solutions. Solutions created from the grass, oak and conifer surface litter did not significantly vary in total DOC and DON concentrations, but were significantly different in chemical composition. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy indicated that solutions generated from grass litter had lower aromatic C, carboxylic acid C and higher heteroaliphatic C, relative to the oak and conifer DOC. DAX-8 resin fractionation of the solutions revealed that DOC from grass litter had a larger portion of hydrophilic DOC as well. Distinctive peaks associated with lignin molecules were stronger in oak and conifer DOC spectra and increased with incubation time. Temperature was positively correlated with higher DOC and DON concentrations and was negatively correlated with aliphatic, anomeric and aromatic C concentrations. Biodegradation of DOC correlated positively with labile compounds in the hydrophilic DOC fraction, such as heteroaliphatic C and negatively correlated to aromatic C. Therefore, biodegradation was highest for grass DOC. Adsorption of DOC was positively correlated to heteroaliphatic C and negatively correlated with aromatic C. In the A horizon, increasing temperature enhanced both adsorption and biodegradation. Adsorption was the dominate fate of DOC in the A horizon. However, biodegradation was the primary fate of DOC after exposure to both A and B horizon soil inoculum. While most biogeochemical models rely on net primary productivity to predict future C stocks in above and belowground biomass, the short-term experiments in this study suggest that temperature, litter source and soil type all have important roles in altering soil C and N biogeochemistry and soil C sequestration. These factors should be taken into consideration when modeling the effects of temperature and changing ecotonal boundaries among grasslands, oak woodlands and conifer ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada under changing climatic conditions.
Pedogenesis Carbon Dynamics Across A Lithosequence Under Ponderosa Pine
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Author : Katherine Ann Heckman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Pedogenesis Carbon Dynamics Across A Lithosequence Under Ponderosa Pine written by Katherine Ann Heckman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Three studies were completed to investigate the influence of mineral assemblage on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling and pedogenesis in forest soils. Two studies utilized a lithosequence of four parent materials (rhyolite, granite, basalt, limestone/volcanic cinders) under Pinus ponderosa, to explicitly quantify the contribution of parent material mineral assemblage to the character of the resulting soil. The first study explored variation in pedogenesis and elemental mass loss as a product of parent material through a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction and elemental mass balance. Results indicated significant differences in degree of soil development, profile characteristics, and mass flux according to parent material. The second study utilized the same lithosequence of soils, but focused on organic C cycling. This study explored variation in SOC content among soils of differing mineralogy and correlations among soil physiochemical variables, SOC content, soil microbial community composition and respiration rates. Metal-humus complex and Fe-oxyhydroxide content emerged as important predictors of SOC dynamics across all parent materials, showing significant correlation with both SOC content and bacterial community composition. Results indicated that within a specific ecosystem, SOC dynamics and microbial community vary predictably with soil physicochemical variables directly related to mineralogical differences among soil parent materials. The third study focused specifically on the influence of goethite and gibbsite on dissolved organic matter characteristics and microbial communities which utilize DOM as a growth substrate. Iron and aluminum oxides were selected for this study due to their wide spread occurrence in soils and their abundance of reactive surface area, qualities which enable them to have a significant effect on SOC transported through forest soils. Results indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces induces significant differences in DOM quality, including changes in thermal properties, molecular structure, and concentrations of P and N. Investigation of the decomposer communities indicated that exposure to goethite and gibbsite surfaces caused significant differences in microbial community structure. These investigations emphasize the important role of mineral assemblage in shaping soil characteristics and regulating the cycling of C in soils, from the molecular scale to the pedon scale.
Climatic Controls On Deep Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics
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Author : Kimber Candice Moreland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Climatic Controls On Deep Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics written by Kimber Candice Moreland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The soil system stores more carbon than the atmosphere and biosphere combined. However, until recently, most studies on soil organic matter dynamics had focused on near surface soil organic carbon (C) dynamics with relatively little attention devoted to determining how much C and nitrogen (N) is stored in deep soil layers, and how climate influences deep soil organic C and N dynamics. Hence, our understanding of how climate influences the mechanisms that regulate the magnitude and direction of changes in deep soil organic matter remain incomplete. In my dissertation research, I studied soils that developed under four different climatic regimes along an elevation gradient on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada in California (site of the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory). Using soil samples that were collected from the surface down to bedrock contact (that extended to more than 10 m below the surface), I determined how climate regulates deep soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks, chemical composition of organic matter, mean residence times of soil carbon and nitrogen at depth; and conducted statistical analyses to determine how variability of climate along the SSCZO bio-climosequence is related to a range of climatic variables. In the first chapter, I found that up to 78% of soil C is stored below a 0.3-m depth, with up to 29% of total C stored in saprock below 1.5 m. A conservative global scaling of these results illustrates that deep regolith stores over 200 Pg of organic carbon quantifying a previously unrealized organic carbon pool in the Earth system. In the second chapter, I dug deeper into C stabilization mechanisms and how climate impacts distribution of C in free and mineral protected pools of soil C.I discovered that the radiocarbon concentration of C in the topsoil and subsoil free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions had a statistically significant relationship with climate. However, the aggregate protected pool of C was not influenced by climate, suggesting that the free particulate and subsoil mineral associated fractions of subsoil C are vulnerable to changes in climate. The third chapter focused on dynamics of soil N in topsoil compared to subsoils and shows that climate imposes important controls on N in topsoil and subsoil free particulate and occluded fractions. The mineral associated N was not found to be sensitive to changes in climate. Overall, my dissertation research demonstrated both indirect and direct mechanisms through which climate can impact soil C and N dynamics from the topsoil to bedrock contact. I presented substantial evidence to refute the long-held assumption that subsoil organic matter does not respond to changes in atmospheric climate.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Soil Carbon Dynamics In Afforested Organo Mineral Soils
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Author : Richard Lane
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Soil Carbon Dynamics In Afforested Organo Mineral Soils written by Richard Lane and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Volcanic Ash Soils
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Author : S. Shoji
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1994-01-06
Volcanic Ash Soils written by S. Shoji and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-06 with Science categories.
Volcanic eruptions are generally viewed as agents of destruction, yet they provide the parent materials from which some of the most productive soils in the world are formed. The high productivity results from a combination of unique physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. The importance and uniqueness of volcanic ash soils are exemplified by the recent establishment of the Andisol soil order in Soil Taxonomy. This book provides the first comprehensive synthesis of all aspects of volcanic ash soils in a single volume. It contains in-depth coverage of important topics including terminology, morphology, genesis, classification, mineralogy, chemistry, physical properties, productivity and utilization. A wealth of data (37 tables, 81 figures, and Appendix) mainly from the Tohoku University Andisol Data Base is used to illustrate major concepts. Twelve color plates provide a valuable visual-aid and complement the text description of the world-wide distribution for volcanic ash soils. This volume will serve as a valuable reference for soil scientists, plant scientists, ecologists and geochemists interested in biogeochemical processes occurring in soils derived form volcanic ejecta.
Soils And Fertilizers
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996-07
Soils And Fertilizers written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07 with Fertilizers categories.
Principles And Dynamics Of The Critical Zone
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-06-19
Principles And Dynamics Of The Critical Zone written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-19 with Science categories.
Principles and Dynamics of the Critical Zone is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses and an essential tool for researchers developing cutting-edge proposals. It provides a process-based description of the Critical Zone, a place that The National Research Council (2001) defines as the "heterogeneous, near surface environment in which complex interactions involving rock, soil, water, air, and living organisms regulate the natural habitat and determine the availability of life-sustaining resources." This text provides a summary of Critical Zone research and outcomes from the NSF funded Critical Zone Observatories, providing a process-based description of the Critical Zone in a wide range of environments with a specific focus on the important linkages that exist amongst the processes in each zone. This book will be useful to all scientists and students conducting research on the Critical Zone within and outside the Critical Zone Observatory Network, as well as scientists and students in the geosciences - atmosphere, geomorphology, geology and pedology.
The Soil Resource
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Author : Hans Jenny
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Soil Resource written by Hans Jenny and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
change is simply described by the rate of income and rate of loss. Our home's energy budget, our firm's inventory, our nation's debt, and humanity's numbers all have accounts that change at rates that are equal to the inputs minus the outputs. Jenny's "system view" of the soil was carried into the fertile fields of Midwestern American prairies from the laboratories of Switzerland in the late 1920s. Jenny's rate equations provided the other paradigm or world view that, I recall, brought us to the threshold of systems ecology as it later evolved in the second half of the twentieth century. As if world renown in the specialties of pedology and soil chemistry were not enough for one lifetime, excerpts below remind us that Hans Jenny has also been a perceptive outdoor field ecologist since his early Alpine expeditions with Braun Blanquet in the mid 1920s. Jenny's ecosystem studies in the pygmy forest, a further classic example of a soil-plant system "run down" over hundreds of thousands of years since its origin, continue to occupy some of the vigorous retirement time near his farm in Mendocino County. But each specific, quantitative case study, and each research area conserved (with additional hard work) for further study by future generations, fits into Jenny's coherent world view. It is that view, and its legacies of discovery and of tangible landscape preserves, which we are privileged to share with their originator in this volume.