Peer Evaluation And Selection Systems

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Peer Evaluation And Selection Systems

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Author : Serge Lehky
language : en
Publisher: BioBitField
Release Date : 2011

Peer Evaluation And Selection Systems written by Serge Lehky and has been published by BioBitField this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Philosophy categories.

Humans tend to judge each other, often spontaneously and effortlessly, but also formally and deliberately. The author argues that this process of peer evaluation, or peer review, developed as a result of natural selection and offers adaptive benefits to individuals and communities. However, the peer review process is also stochastic, is based on assumptions, and relies on surrogate measures of success. As a result, particular instances of peer review may be non-adaptive or maladaptive. Another limitation of peer review is that it is useless in the face of novelty. Although peer review, in a broad sense, is critical to the success of human societies, the meaning of peer review is often overly simplified and misunderstood, its results overvalued, and its outcomes misinterpreted - causing much turmoil and frustration. The individuals who participate in a peer review process, especially those rejected by peers, as well as organizations that utilize peer review for decision making, will benefit from the insights proposed in this book.

Review Of Peer Evaluation Research

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Author : Ronald G. Downey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978

Review Of Peer Evaluation Research written by Ronald G. Downey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Evaluation categories.

Peer evaluation research was reviewed from the three major perspectives of validity studies, methodology, and situational factors. Most of the research programs were conducted in the course of developing procedures for evaluating training groups (e.g., in Officer Candidate School, U.S. Military Academy, and Ranger course). Substantial concurrent and predictive validity generally was found, with correlation coefficients in the .30 to .50 range. Different evaluation methods (rating, ranking, nominations, and combinations of these techniques) did not differ substantially in either reliability or validity. Evaluation methods did, however, differ in acceptability and feasibility. Situational factors have documented or potential effect on the evaluation process that developers and users of peer evaluations should be aware of. Although many issues surrounding peer evaluations remain unresolved, evidence suggests that these issues can be resolved, and that they do not detract from the conclusion that peer evaluations are a powerful tool in discriminating complex human behavior.

National Science Foundation Peer Review

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

National Science Foundation Peer Review written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Peer review of research grant proposals categories.

National Science Foundation Peer Review Special Oversight Hearings Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Science Research And Technology Of 94 1 July 22 23 24 29 30 31 1975

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Science and Technology Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975

National Science Foundation Peer Review Special Oversight Hearings Hearings Before The Subcommittee On Science Research And Technology Of 94 1 July 22 23 24 29 30 31 1975 written by United States. Congress. House. Science and Technology Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.

University Funding Information On The Role Of Peer Review At Nsf And Nih

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987

University Funding Information On The Role Of Peer Review At Nsf And Nih written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.

Evaluation Of Selection Systems Statment Of The Problem And Procedures For Solving It

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Author : Ray C. Hackman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962

Evaluation Of Selection Systems Statment Of The Problem And Procedures For Solving It written by Ray C. Hackman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Psychology categories.

Grants Peer Review Report To The Director Nih Phase I Supplements

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Author : NIH Peer Grants Review Study Team (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

Grants Peer Review Report To The Director Nih Phase I Supplements written by NIH Peer Grants Review Study Team (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Medical research categories.

Peer Review In Scientific Publications

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Author : Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee
language : en
Publisher: The Stationery Office
Release Date : 2011-07-28

Peer Review In Scientific Publications written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Science and Technology Committee and has been published by The Stationery Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Science categories.

This report indicates that the oversight of research integrity in the UK is unsatisfactory. The Science and Technology Committee concludes that in order to allow others to repeat and build on experiments, researchers should aim for the gold standard of making their data fully disclosed and made publicly available. The report examines the current peer-review system as used in scientific publications and the related issues of research impact, data management, publication ethics and research integrity. The UK does not seem to have an oversight body for research integrity covering advice and assurance functions across all disciplines and the Committee recommends the creation of an external regulator. It also says all UK research institutions should have a specific member of staff leading on research integrity. The report highlights concerns about the use of journal Impact Factor as a proxy measure for the quality of research or of individual articles. Innovative ways to improve current pre-publication peer-review practices are highlighted in the report, including the use of pre-print servers, open peer review, increased transparency and online repository-style journals. The growth of post-publication peer review and commentary also represents an enormous opportunity for experimentation with new media and social networking tools, which the Committee encourages. There should also be greater recognition of the work-sometimes considered to be a burden-carried out by reviewers, by both publishers and employers. In order to do this, publishers need to have in place systems for recording and acknowledging the contribution of those involved in peer review.

The Theory And Practice Of Systematic Staff Selection

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Author : Mike Smith
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1986-06-18

The Theory And Practice Of Systematic Staff Selection written by Mike Smith and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-06-18 with Business & Economics categories.

Quantification Of Building Seismic Performance Factors

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Quantification Of Building Seismic Performance Factors written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Building laws categories.

This report describes a recommended methodology for reliably quantifying building system performance and response parameters for use in seismic design. The recommended methodology (referred to herein as the Methodology) provides a rational basis for establishing global seismic performance factors (SPFs), including the response modification coefficient (R factor), the system overstrength factor, and deflection amplification factor (Cd), of new seismic-force-resisting systems proposed for inclusion in model building codes. The purpose of this Methodology is to provide a rational basis for determining building seismic performance factors that, when properly implemented in the seismic design process, will result in equivalent safety against collapse in an earthquake, comparable to the inherent safety against collapse intended by current seismic codes, for buildings with different seismic-force-resisting systems.