Peluang Negara Berpenduduk Sangat Besar Teori Dan Praktik Transformasi Kependudukan Di Tiongkok
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Peluang Negara Berpenduduk Sangat Besar Teori Dan Praktik Transformasi Kependudukan Di Tiongkok
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Author : Xueyuan Tian
language : id
Publisher: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia
Release Date : 2021-04-01
Peluang Negara Berpenduduk Sangat Besar Teori Dan Praktik Transformasi Kependudukan Di Tiongkok written by Xueyuan Tian and has been published by Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-01 with Social Science categories.
“Perdebatan mengenai baik atau buruknya jumlah penduduk yang besar (atau kecil) di suatu negara tak pernah berhenti. Pada akhir abad ke-18, Malthus mengungkapkan beban ekonomi dari pertumbuhan penduduk yang cepat. Jumlah penduduk tumbuh melebihi kecepatan pertumbuhan pangan. Namun, pemikiran Malthus ini berhasil dipatahkan dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi di sektor pertanian. Jumlah penduduk yang terus meningkat justru membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun, di akhir tahun 1950-an, para ekonom di negara maju mulai teringat pemikiran Malthus. Negara berkembang seperti India, dengan jumlah penduduk sangat banyak, merupakan beban. Dengan mutu modal manusia yang rendah dan kesempatan kerja produktif yang rendah, jumlah penduduk yang besar menjadi bencana perekonomian. Sejak saat itulah muncul pemikiran untuk mengendalikan pertumbuhan penduduk melalui program keluarga berencana. Kemudian muncul pemikiran untuk mencari jumlah penduduk yang optimal, walau pun banyak pula yang mempertanyakan apakah jumlah penduduk yang optimal memang ada. Yang kemudian kita lihat adalah terjadinya penurunan angka kelahiran dan kematian di banyak negara berkembang. Yang paling menonjol adalah Singapura, Korea Selatan, Hong Kong, dan Taiwan. Sejak tahun 1960-an, dalam waktu kira kira satu dasawarsa, angka kelahiran telah turun dengan amat cepat di empat negara ini. Angka kelahiran yang tinggi disusul dengan angka kelahiran yang rendah dalam waktu cepat menyebabkan jumlah angkatan kerja yang relatif besar relatif terhadap jumlah anak anak. Dengan mutu modal manusia yang bagus dan adanya kesempatan kerja produktif di empat negara ini, jumlah angkatan kerja yang besar menjadi pendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang luar biasa. Walau begitu, di tahun 1980-an, saya masih pesimis pada perkembangan di Tiongkok. Tiongkok berbeda dengan empat negara kecil (Hong Kong, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, dan Singapura) tersebut. Jumlah penduduk di Tiongkok amat besar. Dapatkah Tiongkok mengulang keberhasilan di empat negara tersebut? Namun, yang terlihat sejak tahun 2000-an mengubah pesimisme saya. Seperti halnya dengan empat negara tadi, mutu modal manusia dan kesempatan kerja produktif di Tiongkok telah membuat jumlah penduduk yang besar suatu modal pembangunan yang amat berharga. Kini Tiongkok menjadi salah satu kekuatan ekonomi yang penting di dunia.” Aris Ananta, seorang ekonom-demografer, dengan Ph.D di bidang ilmu ekonomi dari Duke Univesity, Amerika Serikat dan Master di bidang Statistik Ekonomi Sosial dari George Washington University, Amerika Serikat. Ia guru-besar di Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.
An Essay On The Principle Of Population
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Author : T. R. Malthus
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-03-13
An Essay On The Principle Of Population written by T. R. Malthus and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-13 with Social Science categories.
The first major study of population size and its tremendous importance to the character and quality of society, this classic examines the tendency of human numbers to outstrip their resources.
World Development Report 2020
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-11-19
World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Banal Nationalism
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Author : Michael Billig
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 1995-08-15
Banal Nationalism written by Michael Billig and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-08-15 with Social Science categories.
Michael Billig presents a major challenge to orthodox conceptions of nationalism in this elegantly written book. While traditional theorizing has tended to the focus on extreme expressions of nationalism, the author turns his attention to the everyday, less visible forms which are neither exotic or remote, he describes as `banal nationalism′. The author asks why people do not forget their national identity. He suggests that in daily life nationalism is constantly flagged in the media through routine symbols and habits of language. Banal Nationalism is critical of orthodox theories in sociology, politics and social psychology for ignoring this core feature of national identity. Michael Billig argues forcefully that with nationalism continuing to be a major ideological force in the contemporary world, it is all the more important to recognize those signs of nationalism which are so familiar that they are easily overlooked.
Living With Reform
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Author : Timothy Cheek
language : en
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Living With Reform written by Timothy Cheek and has been published by Zed Books Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with History categories.
China is huge. China is growing more powerful. Yet China remains a great mystery to most people in the West. This contemporary history, based on the latest scholarly research, offers a balanced perspective of the continuing legacy of Maoism in the lives not only of China's leaders but China's working people. It outlines the ambitious economic reforms taken since the 1980s and shows the complex responses to the consequences of reform in China today. Cheek shows the domestic concerns and social forces that shape the foreign policy of one of the worlds great powers. His analysis will equip the reader to judge media reports independently and to consider the experience and values not only of the Chinese government but China's workers, women, and minorities.
World Development Report 1978
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1978
World Development Report 1978 written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Adaptation (Biology) categories.
This first report deals with some of the major development issues confronting the developing countries and explores the relationship of the major trends in the international economy to them. It is designed to help clarify some of the linkages between the international economy and domestic strategies in the developing countries against the background of growing interdependence and increasing complexity in the world economy. It assesses the prospects for progress in accelerating growth and alleviating poverty, and identifies some of the major policy issues which will affect these prospects.
Mao The Unknown Story
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Author : Jon Halliday
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2012-09-30
Mao The Unknown Story written by Jon Halliday and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-30 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
The most authoritative life of Mao ever written, by the bestselling author of Wild Swans, Jung Chang and her husband, historian Jon Halliday. Based on a decade of research, and on interviews with many of Mao's close circle in China who have never talked before, and with virtually everyone outside China who had significant dealings with him, this is the most authoritative life of Mao ever written. It is full of startling revelations, exploding the myth of the Long March, and showing a completely unknown Mao: he was not driven by idealism or ideology; his intimate and intricate relationship with Stalin went back to the 1920s, ultimately bringing him to power; he welcomed Japanese occupation of much of China; and he schemed, poisoned and blackmailed to get his way. After Mao conquered China in 1949, his secret goal was to dominate the world. In chasing this dream he caused the deaths of 38 million people in the greatest famine in history. In all, well over 70 million Chinese perished under Mao's rule, in peacetime. Combining meticulous history with the story-telling style of Wild Swans, this biography makes immediate Mao's roller-coaster life, as he intrigued and fought every step of the way to force through his unpopular decisions. Mao's character and the enormity of his behaviour towards his wives, mistresses and children are unveiled for the first time. This is an entirely fresh look at Mao in both content and approach. It will astonish historians and the general reader alike. ‘This a bombshell of a book’, Chris Patten, The Times ‘The first great political biography of the twenty-first century’ Spectator
Public Expenditure Analysis
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Public Expenditure Analysis written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Expenditures, Public categories.
Focuses on the public sector in developing countries. Provides tools of analysis for discovering equity in tax burdens as well as in public spending and judging government performance in its role in safeguarding the interests of the poor and disadvantaged. Outlines a framework for a rights-based approach to citizen empowerment - in other words, creating an institutional design with appropriate rules, restraints, and incentives to make the public sector responsive and accountable to an average voter.
The Organizational Society An Analysis And A Theory
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Author : Robert V 1917-2001 Presthus
language : en
Publisher: Hassell Street Press
Release Date : 2021-09-09
The Organizational Society An Analysis And A Theory written by Robert V 1917-2001 Presthus and has been published by Hassell Street Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-09 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Citizenship For The 21st Century
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Author : John J. Cogan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2000
Citizenship For The 21st Century written by John J. Cogan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Education categories.
Civic and citizenship education have emerged as major areas of discussion, debate and action regarding their place in the school curriculum in many nations. This text sets out to show the importance of citizenship education with examples and contributions from around the world.
