Perception And Cognition In Aging And Alzheimer S Disease

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Perception And Cognition In Aging And Alzheimer S Disease

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Author : Anthony Michael Monacelli
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Perception And Cognition In Aging And Alzheimer S Disease written by Anthony Michael Monacelli and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Alzheimer's disease categories.

"Cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with increasingly debilitating visuospatial disorientation and navigational impairments. These impairments lead older adults and AD patients to become lost during the independent exploration of familiar environments. Visuospatial deficits in aging and AD have been linked to impairments of visual motion processing, and changes in visual evoked potentials. In this dissertation, I review the literature on mechanisms of spatial orientation in aging and AD, and then discuss what is known about attentional influences on related sensory processing changes in aging and AD. I include research on visual motion evoked potentials in the study of visuospatial orientation, the utility of this neurophysiological approach in gaining insight into brain aging, and its potential utility for the objective assessment of AD. The main body of this work is devoted to the presentation of three original studies that employ visual motion evoked potentials (VMEPs) to better understand cognitive and perceptual influences on navigation and orientation in normal aging and AD. In Study One, neurophysiological and behavioral responses were measured to sequential visual stimuli simulating paths of self-movement through the environment. In this way the temporal dynamics of the cortical processing of naturalistically changing scenes were assessed in young controls (YN), older normal controls (ON), and AD patients. In Study Two, the effects of exogenously cued spatial attention on neurophysiological responses to the behaviorally relevant center of motion in optic flow were examined in YN, ON and AD subjects by interleaving valid and invalid spatial cues before the presentation of optic flow target stimuli. In Study Three, the effect of sustained, endogenous attention on neurophysiological responses was examined by superimposing optic flow and 3-letter words in a block-wise paradigm evoking electrophysiological responses that allows me to compare optic flow responses in attended versus non-attended conditions. Consistent with prior research on optic flow VMEPs in aging and AD, results showed that ON and AD subjects can be distinguished by differing characteristics of N200 perceptual response. Compared to YN subjects, both of the older groups show delayed responses. AD consistently showed diminished amplitude as well. Results from the current project support previous findings, and add a new focus on top-down, cognitive influences on perceptual processing. Most notably, these studies show group differences in the N2b component, suggestive of cognitive processing differences attributable to attention. Together these studies contribute to our understanding of both bottom-up visual and top-down behavioral effects on visuospatial orientation and navigation and further elucidate perceptual and cognitive factors in the functional decline of normal and pathological aging"--Leaves vi-vii.

Aging And Cognitive Processes

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Author : Fergus Craik
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Aging And Cognitive Processes written by Fergus Craik and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.

For a variety of reasons, there has been an explosion of interest in research on aging over the past few years. The reasons include an awareness that a large and growing proportion of our popUlation is over 65 and that research findings can contribute to their health, satisfaction, and efficiency as members of society; the fact that funding agencies have endorsed the need for more research effort in the area by setting up special programs; and also the fact that researchers themselves are turning more to practical problems as many theoretical issues (in experimen tal psychology at least) seem to remain as intractable as ever. Thus, at present there is widespread interest in aging, but there is also a lack of knowledge as to what has already been accomplished in the area, what the theoretical issues are, and what factors contribute to the methodological and practical difficulties. The time is propitious for meetings of experts in various aspects of the aging process, both to discuss among themselves latest advances in the field and also to inte grate known information for researchers and practitioners. In the summer of 1980 we organized such a meeting as the 10th annual psychology symposium to be held at the Erindale Campus of the University of Toronto. The topic chosen was Aging and Cognitive Processes, and the edited contributions to the symposium form the chapters of the present book.

Perception And Cognition Interactions In The Aging Brain

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Author : Harriet A. Allen
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-09-13

Perception And Cognition Interactions In The Aging Brain written by Harriet A. Allen and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-13 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

Healthy ageing can lead to declines in both perceptual and cognitive functions. Impaired perception, such as that resulting from hearing loss or reduced visual or tactile resolution, increases demands on ‘higher-level’ cognitive functions to cope or compensate. It is possible, for example, to use focused attention to overcome perceptual limitations. Unfortunately, cognitive functions also decline in old age. This can mean that perceptual impairments are exacerbated by cognitive decline, and vice versa, but also means that interventions aimed at one type of decline can lead to improvements in the other. Just as improved cognition can ameliorate perceptual deficits, improving the stimulus can help offset cognitive deficits. For example, making directions and routes easy to follow can help compensate for declines in navigation abilities. In this Topic, we bring together papers from both auditory and visual researchers that address the interaction between perception and cognition in the ageing brain. Many of the studies demonstrate that a broadening of representations or increased reliance on gist underlie perceptual and cognitive age-related declines. There is also clear evidence that impaired perception is associated with poor cognition although, encouragingly, it can also be seen that good perception is associated with better cognition. Compensatory cognitive strategies were less successful in improving perception than might be expected. We also present papers which highlight important methodological considerations that are required when studying the older brain.

Cognitive Neuroscience Of Aging

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Author : Roberto Cabeza
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017

Cognitive Neuroscience Of Aging written by Roberto Cabeza and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Medical categories.

A rapidly growing body of research has consituted a new discipline that may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. This book offers an introduction to the topic, useful to both professionals & students in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology & neurology.

The Handbook Of Aging And Cognition

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Author : Fergus I. M. Craik
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis US
Release Date : 2008

The Handbook Of Aging And Cognition written by Fergus I. M. Craik and has been published by Taylor & Francis US this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Psychology categories.

Cognitive aging is a flourishing area of research. This third edition reviews the findings and theories since the previous edition and evaluates the field's points of growth.

Measuring The Mind

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Author : John Duncan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005-09-15

Measuring The Mind written by John Duncan and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

Section I: Reaction time and mental speed 1. Ageing and response times: a comparison of sequential sampling models, Roger Ratcliff, Anjali Thapar, Philip L. Smith & Gail McKoon 2. Inconsistency in response time as an indicator of cognitive ageing, David F. Hultsch, Michael A. Hunter, Stuart W. S. MacDonald & Esther Strauss 3. Ageing and the ability to ignore irrelevant information in visual search and enumeration tasks, Elizabeth A. Maylor & Derrick G. Watson 4. Individual differences and cognitive models of the mind: using the differentiation hypothesis to distinguish general and specific cognitive processes, Mike Anderson & Jeff Nelson 5. Reaction time parameters, intelligence aging and death: the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, Ian J. Deary & Geoff Der 6. The wrong tree: time perception and time experience in the elderly, John Wearden Section II: Cognitive control and frontal lobe function 7. The chronometrics of task-set control, Stephen Monsell 8. An evaluation of the frontal lobe theory of cognitive ageing, Louise H. Phillips & Julie D. Henry 9. The gateway hypothesis of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) function, Paul W. Burgess, Jon S. Simons, Iroise Dumontheil & Sam J. Gilbert 10. Prefrontal cortex and Spearman's g, John Duncan Section III: Memory and age 11. On reducing age-related declines in memory and executive control, Fergus I. M. Craik 12. Working memory and ageing, Alan Baddeley, Hilary Baddeley, Dino Chincotta, Simona Luzzi & Christobel Meikle 13. The own-age effect in face recognition, Timothy J. Perfect & Helen C. Moon Section IV: Real-world cognition 14. Cognitive ethology: giving real life to attention research, Alan Kingstone, Daniel Smilek, Elina Birmingham, Dave Cameron & Walter Bischof 15. Are automated actions beyond conscious access?, Peter McLeod, Peter Sommerville & Nick Reed 16. Operator functional state: the prediction of breakdown in human performance, Robert J. Hockey

Cognitive Aging

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Author : Denise Park
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Cognitive Aging written by Denise Park and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.

As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.

New Frontiers In Cognitive Aging

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Author : Roger A. Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004

New Frontiers In Cognitive Aging written by Roger A. Dixon and has been published by Oxford : Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.

With an ever increasing population of aging people in the western world, it is more crucial than ever that we try to understand how and why cognitive competence breaks down with advancing age; why do some people follow normal patterns of cognitive change, while others follow a path of progressive decline, with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. What can be done to prevent cognitive decline - or to avoid neurodegenerative diseases? The answers, if they come, will not emerge from research within one discipline, but from work being done across a range of scientific and medical specialities. This volume brings together leading experts from a range of fields studying cognitive aging, including neuroscience, pharmacology, health, genetics, sensory biology, and epidemiology. Unlike other books in this area, this book is more about 'new frontiers' than past research and accomplishments. Recently cognitive aging research has taken several new directions, linking with, and benefiting from, rapid technological and theoretical advances in these neighbouring disciplines. This book provides unique interdisciplinary coverage of the topic. With each chapter including commentaries from specialists in related fields, the book provides an integrative study of the topic. For those within the fields of psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and geriatrics, this volume will make an important contribution in furthering our understanding of a problem that affects us all.

Music And The Aging Brain

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Author : Lola Cuddy
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-28

Music And The Aging Brain written by Lola Cuddy and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-28 with Psychology categories.

Music and the Aging Brain describes brain functioning in aging and addresses the power of music to protect the brain from loss of function and how to cope with the ravages of brain diseases that accompany aging. By studying the power of music in aging through the lens of neuroscience, behavioral, and clinical science, the book explains brain organization and function. Written for those researching the brain and aging, the book provides solid examples of research fundamentals, including rigorous standards for sample selection, control groups, description of intervention activities, measures of health outcomes, statistical methods, and logically stated conclusions. Summarizes brain structures supporting music perception and cognition Examines and explains music as neuroprotective in normal aging Addresses the association of hearing loss to dementia Promotes a neurological approach for research in music as therapy Proposes questions for future research in music and aging

Measuring The Mind Speed Control And Age

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Author : Nancy R. Hooyman
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-09-15

Measuring The Mind Speed Control And Age written by Nancy R. Hooyman and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-15 with Psychology categories.

Section I: Reaction time and mental speed 1. Ageing and response times: a comparison of sequential sampling models, Roger Ratcliff, Anjali Thapar, Philip L. Smith & Gail McKoon2. Inconsistency in response time as an indicator of cognitive ageing, David F. Hultsch, Michael A. Hunter, Stuart W. S. MacDonald & Esther Strauss3. Ageing and the ability to ignore irrelevant information in visual search and enumeration tasks, Elizabeth A. Maylor & Derrick G. Watson4. Individual differences and cognitive models of the mind: using the differentiation hypothesis to distinguish general and specific cognitive processes, Mike Anderson & Jeff Nelson5. Reaction time parameters, intelligence aging and death: the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study, Ian J. Deary & Geoff Der6. The wrong tree: time perception and time experience in the elderly, John WeardenSection II: Cognitive control and frontal lobe function 7. The chronometrics of task-set control, Stephen Monsell8. An evaluation of the frontal lobe theory of cognitive ageing, Louise H. Phillips & Julie D. Henry9. The gateway hypothesis of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) function, Paul W. Burgess, Jon S. Simons, Iroise Dumontheil & Sam J. Gilbert10. Prefrontal cortex and Spearmans g, John DuncanSection III: Memory and age 11. On reducing age-related declines in memory and executive control, Fergus I. M. Craik12. Working memory and ageing, Alan Baddeley, Hilary Baddeley, Dino Chincotta, Simona Luzzi & Christobel Meikle13. The own-age effect in face recognition, Timothy J. Perfect & Helen C. MoonSection IV: Real-world cognition 14. Cognitive ethology: giving real life to attention research, Alan Kingstone, Daniel Smilek, Elina Birmingham, Dave Cameron & Walter Bischof15. Are automated actions beyond conscious access?, Peter McLeod, Peter Sommerville & Nick Reed16. Operator functional state: the prediction of breakdown in human performance, Robert J. Hockey