Performance Evaluation Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced By Water Injection
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Performance Evaluation Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced By Water Injection
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Author : Ayman Ali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Performance Evaluation Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced By Water Injection written by Ayman Ali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Asphalt categories.
In recent years, a new group of technologies has been introduced in the United States that allow producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 30 to 100oF lower than what is used in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). These technologies are commonly referred to as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). From among these technologies, foamed WMA produced by water injection has gained increased attention from the asphalt paving industry in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. This type of asphalt mixtures is advertised as an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional HMA and promoted to have better workability and compactability. In spite of these advantages, several concerns have been raised regarding the performance of foamed WMA because of the reduced production temperature and its impact on aggregate drying and asphalt binder aging. Main concerns include increased propensity for moisture-induced damage (durability) and increased susceptibility to permanent deformation (rutting). Other concerns include insufficient coating of coarse aggregates, and applicability of HMA mix design procedures to foamed WMA mixtures. This dissertation presents the results of a comprehensive study conducted to evaluate the laboratory performance of foamed WMA mixtures with regard to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature (thermal) cracking; and compare it to traditional HMA. In addition, the workability of foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated using a new device that was designed and fabricated at the University of Akron, and the compactability of both mixtures was examined by analyzing compaction data collected using the Superpave gyratory compactor. The effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on the performance of foamed WMA was also investigated. Furthermore, the rutting performance of plant-produced foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated in the Accelerated Pavement Load Facility (APLF) at Ohio University, and the long-term performance of pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate courses was analyzed using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). Based on the experimental test results and the subsequent analyses findings, the following are the main conclusions made: In general, comparable laboratory test results were obtained for foamed WMA and HMA mixtures prepared using 30°F (16.7°C) temperature reduction, 1.8% foaming water content, and fully dried aggregates. Therefore, the performance of the resulting foamed WMA is expected to be similar to that of the HMA. Surface foamed WMA mixtures had comparable rutting performance in the APLF to that of the HMA mixtures. This was also the case for intermediate foamed WMA and HMA mixtures. These results indicate the field performance of the foamed WMA mixtures is similar to that of the HMA mixtures.
Evaluation Of Laboratory Performance Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced By Water Injection
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Author : Arjun C. Roy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Evaluation Of Laboratory Performance Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Produced By Water Injection written by Arjun C. Roy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Asphalt emulsion mixtures categories.
Determining The Limitations Of Warm Mix Asphalt By Water Injection In Mix Design Quality Control And Placement
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Author : Ala R. Abbas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Determining The Limitations Of Warm Mix Asphalt By Water Injection In Mix Design Quality Control And Placement written by Ala R. Abbas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Asphalt categories.
In this project, a comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the laboratory performance of foamed WMA mixtures with regard to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature (thermal) cracking; and compare it to traditional HMA. In addition, the workability of foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated using a new device that was designed and fabricated at the University of Akron, and the compactability of both mixtures was examined by analyzing compaction data collected using the Superpave gyratory compactor. The effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on the performance of foamed WMA was also investigated. Furthermore, the rutting performance of plant-produced foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated in the Ohio University (OU) Accelerated Pavement Load Facility (APLF), and the long-term performance of pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate courses was analyzed using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). The laboratory test results revealed comparable resistance to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, and fatigue cracking for foamed WMA and HMA mixtures. However, the HMA mixtures had significantly higher ITS values at 14°F (-10°C) and comparable failure strains to the foamed WMA mixtures, which indicates that the traditional HMA mixtures have better resistance to low-temperature (thermal) cracking. The laboratory tests conducted to evaluate the effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content revealed that the performance of foamed WMA mixtures prepared using 30°F (16.7°C) temperature reduction, 1.8% foaming water content, and fully dried aggregates was comparable to that of the HMA mixtures. However, reducing the production temperature of foamed WMA resulted in increased susceptibility to permanent deformation and moisture-induced damage. In addition, producing foamed WMA using moist aggregates resulted in inadequate aggregate coating leading to concerns with regard to long-term durability. Increasing the foaming water content (up to 2.6% of the weight of the asphalt binder) did not seem to have a negative effect on the rutting performance or moisture sensitivity of the foamed WMA. The rut depth measurements obtained at the OU APLF confirmed the laboratory APA test results. It was found through these tests that the foamed WMA mixtures have comparable rutting resistance to the HMA mixtures. Finally, the long-term pavement performance predictions obtained using the MEPDG showed comparable service lives for pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate mixtures.
Determining The Limitations Of Warm Mix Asphalt By Water Injection In Mix Design Quality Control And Placement
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Determining The Limitations Of Warm Mix Asphalt By Water Injection In Mix Design Quality Control And Placement written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Asphalt categories.
In this project, a comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the laboratory performance of foamed WMA mixtures with regard to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, fatigue cracking, and low-temperature (thermal) cracking; and compare it to traditional HMA. In addition, the workability of foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated using a new device that was designed and fabricated at the University of Akron, and the compactability of both mixtures was examined by analyzing compaction data collected using the Superpave gyratory compactor. The effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content on the performance of foamed WMA was also investigated. Furthermore, the rutting performance of plant-produced foamed WMA and HMA mixtures was evaluated in the Ohio University (OU) Accelerated Pavement Load Facility (APLF), and the long-term performance of pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate courses was analyzed using the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). The laboratory test results revealed comparable resistance to permanent deformation, moisture-induced damage, and fatigue cracking for foamed WMA and HMA mixtures. However, the HMA mixtures had significantly higher ITS values at 14°F ( -10°C) and comparable failure strains to the foamed WMA mixtures, which indicates that the traditional HMA mixtures have better resistance to low-temperature (thermal) cracking. The laboratory tests conducted to evaluate the effect of the temperature reduction, foaming water content, and aggregate moisture content revealed that the performance of foamed WMA mixtures prepared using 30°F (16.7°C) temperature reduction, 1.8% foaming water content, and fully dried aggregates was comparable to that of the HMA mixtures. However, reducing the production temperature of foamed WMA resulted in increased susceptibility to permanent deformation and moisture-induced damage. In addition, producing foamed WMA using moist aggregates resulted in inadequate aggregate coating leading to concerns with regard to long-term durability. Increasing the foaming water content (up to 2.6% of the weight of the asphalt binder) did not seem to have a negative effect on the rutting performance or moisture sensitivity of the foamed WMA. The rut depth measurements obtained at the OU APLF confirmed the laboratory APA test results. It was found through these tests that the foamed WMA mixtures have comparable rutting resistance to the HMA mixtures. Finally, the long-term pavement performance predictions obtained using the MEPDG showed comparable service lives for pavement structures constructed using foamed WMA and HMA surface and intermediate mixtures.
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Prepared Using Foamed Asphalt Binders
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Author : Ayman W. Ali
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Laboratory Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Prepared Using Foamed Asphalt Binders written by Ayman W. Ali and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Asphalt categories.
Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a name given to different technologies that have the common purpose of reducing the viscosity of the asphalt binders. This reduction in viscosity offers the advantage of producing asphalt-aggregate mixtures at lower mixing and compaction temperatures, and subsequently reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions during asphalt mix production and placement. WMA technologies can be classified into two groups. The first group reduces the asphalt binders' viscosity through the addition of organic or chemical additives, while the second group reduces the viscosity of the asphalt binders through the addition of water. The latter has received increased attention in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. In spite of the above-mentioned advantages for WMA mixtures, many concerns have been raised regarding the susceptibility of this material to moisture-induced damage and permanent deformation due to the reduced temperature level used during WMA production. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a laboratory procedure to produce WMA mixtures prepared using foamed asphalt binders (WMA-FA), and to evaluate their performance in comparison to conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). This study involved two types of aggregates (natural gravel and crushed limestone) and two types of asphalt binders (PG 64-22 and PG 70-22M). A laboratory scale asphalt binder foaming device called WLB10, produced by Wirtgen, Inc., was used to foam the asphalt binders. The aggregate gradation met the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Construction and Materials Specification (C&MS) requirements for Item 441 Type 1 Surface Course for Medium Traffic. The resistance of WMA-FA and HMA mixtures to moisture-induced damage was measured using AASHTO T-283, and the resistance to permanent deformation was measured using the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) and the Simple Performance Test (SPT). Based on the experimental test results and the subsequent analyses findings, the following conclusions were made: [1] WMA-FA mixtures are more workable and easily compacted than HMA mixtures even though they are produced at lower mixing and compaction temperatures; [2] WMA-FA mixtures are slightly more susceptible to moisture damage than HMA mixtures. However, the difference is statistically insignificant. Therefore, if designed properly, both mixtures are expected to meet ODOT's minimum TSR requirement for the proposed traffic level; [3] WMA-FA mixtures, especially those prepared using gravel aggregates and unmodified asphalt binders are more prone to rutting than the corresponding HMA mixtures. Therefore, it is recommended to include the APA test as part of the WMA mix design procedure to ensure satisfactory performance for rutting.
Evaluation Of The Performance Of Warm Mix Asphalt In Washington State
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Evaluation Of The Performance Of Warm Mix Asphalt In Washington State written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Pavements, Asphalt categories.
This study evaluates the performance of HMA and WMA mixes obtained from various field sites in the state of Washington. Different WMA technologies are examined in four separate projects; these technologies include Sasobit and three water foaming technologies, Gencor Green Machine Ultrafoam GX, Aquablack and water injection. Performance tests are conducted on the cores and extracted binders to evaluate the resistance of HMA and WMA samples to fatigue and thermal cracking, rutting and moisture susceptibility. Additionally, the early-age field performance of WMA and HMA control pavements is compared.
Proceedings Of The Tms Middle East Mediterranean Materials Congress On Energy And Infrastructure Systems Mema 2015
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Author : Ibrahim Karaman
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-06
Proceedings Of The Tms Middle East Mediterranean Materials Congress On Energy And Infrastructure Systems Mema 2015 written by Ibrahim Karaman and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is a collection of papers presented at The TMS Middle East - Mediterranean Materials Congress on Energy and Infrastructure Systems (MEMA 2015), a conference organized by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS) and held in Doha, Qatar. The event focused on new materials research and development in applications of interest for Qatar and the entire Middle East and Mediterranean region. The papers in this collection are divided into five sections: (1) Sustainable Infrastructure Materials; (2) Computational Materials Design; (3) Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage; (4) Lightweight and High Performance Materials; and (5) Materials for Energy Extraction and Storage: Shape Memory Alloys.
Performance Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
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Author : Brian Hill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Performance Evaluation Of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement written by Brian Hill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Sustainability is a cornerstone of today0́9s engineering world. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are the most prominent sustainable materials in asphalt concrete pavements. WMA is a not a new concept, however new innovations and increased usage of WMA has been spurred by the increased focus on sustainable infrastructure systems. WMA enables reduced production temperatures through the use of wax, water, or other chemical packages. The effects of reduced production temperatures include fuel use and emissions reductions, improved compaction, and possible RAP concentration increases. RAP is the primary recycled product of the aged asphalt concrete pavements and its use leads to reductions in virgin aggregate and asphalt demand. However, significant performance issues can stem from the individual integration of WMA or RAP materials in asphalt concrete. In particular, WMA technologies can increase moisture and rutting susceptibility while RAP significantly increases the stiffness of the resulting mixture. Consequently, quality performance of sustainable asphalt pavements may require the combined use of WMA and RAP to produce mixtures with sufficient stiffness and moisture and fracture resistance. This study evaluates the potential of WMA technologies and their integration with RAP. Initially, an extensive literature review was completed to understand the advantages, disadvantages, and past field and lab performance of WMA and RAP mixtures. Rotational viscometer and bending beam rheometer tests were then used to evaluate Sasobit, Evotherm M1, and Advera WMA modified and unmodified binders. Finally, virgin and 45% RAP mixtures were designed and tested to examine the rutting, moisture, and fracture resistance of WMA and HMA mixtures. The results of this experiment provided several key observations. First, viscosity reductions may not be the primary cause for the availability of reduced production temperatures for WMA technologies. Second, WMA additive properties have a significant effect upon fracture, moisture, and rutting resistance. Furthermore, the addition of RAP to WMA mixtures improved the rutting and moisture sensitivity performance as characterized in the Hamburg and Tensile Strength Ratio testing procedures.
Low Temperature Characterization Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt
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Author : Ahmad Alhasan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Low Temperature Characterization Of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt written by Ahmad Alhasan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Asphalt categories.
In recent years, a group of technologies has been introduced in the United States that allows producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 30 to 100oF lower than what is used in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). This group of technologies is commonly referred to as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). From among these technologies, foamed WMA produced by water injection has gained increased attention from the asphalt paving industry in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. This study evaluated the low-temperature performance of foamed WMA and compared it to traditional HMA. Two asphalt binders (PG 70-22 and PG 64-28), two aggregate types (limestone and crushed gravel), and two aggregate gradations (12.5 mm NMAS and 19.0 mm NMAS) were used in this study. The low-temperature behavior of the asphalt mixtures was evaluated using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST). In addition, the low-temperature properties of the asphalt binders were measured using the bending beam rheometer (BBR). This allowed for comparing the fracture temperature obtained from the TSRST to the low-temperature performance grade obtained using the BBR test.In general, the foamed WMA mixtures exhibited warmer fracture temperatures and lower fracture stresses in the TSRST than the traditional HMA mixtures. This indicates that the HMA mixtures have better resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was found that the binder grade had the most significant effect on the fracture temperature followed by the mix type, while the aggregate type had the most significant effect on the fracture stress followed by the binder grade and the mix type. The fracture temperatures measured in the TSRST were also found to be consistent with the low-temperature performance grades obtained using the BBR test.
Advances In Materials And Pavement Prediction
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Author : Eyad Masad
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-07-16
Advances In Materials And Pavement Prediction written by Eyad Masad and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction (AM3P, Doha, Qatar, 16- 18 April 2018). There has been an increasing emphasis internationally in the design and construction of sustainable pavement systems. Advances in Materials and Pavement Prediction reflects this development highlighting various approaches to predict pavement performance. The contributions discuss links and interactions between material characterization methods, empirical predictions, mechanistic modeling, and statistically-sound calibration and validation methods. There is also emphasis on comparisons between modeling results and observed performance. The topics of the book include (but are not limited to): • Experimental laboratory material characterization • Field measurements and in situ material characterization • Constitutive modeling and simulation • Innovative pavement materials and interface systems • Non-destructive measurement techniques • Surface characterization, tire-surface interaction, pavement noise • Pavement rehabilitation • Case studies Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction will be of interest to academics and engineers involved in pavement engineering.