Petroleum Refineries In The United States And U S Territories
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Petroleum Refineries In The United States And U S Territories
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Author : United States. Energy Information Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And U S Territories written by United States. Energy Information Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And U S Territories January 1 1980
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Author : United States. Energy Information Administration
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And U S Territories January 1 1980 written by United States. Energy Information Administration and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Petroleum categories.
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And Puerto Rico
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And Puerto Rico written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Petroleum refineries categories.
Oil Refinery Usa
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Author : Paul Rank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-03-06
Oil Refinery Usa written by Paul Rank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-06 with categories.
An oil refinery is an industrial plant that transforms or refines crude oil into various usable petroleum products such as diesel, gasoline, and heating oils. Of the 141 operable refineries in the United States- there are 30 of them with capacity over 100,000 barrels per Atmospheric Crude Oil Distillation- this edition reveals the operators of these refineries. Also of interest, our report shows that for the first time in many years, North American refiners were less profitable than European refiners in the second quarter of 2016. The seven regions in the U. S. that account for 92 percent of domestic oil and gas production- what is their current production for August and what is their expected production for September, find out? In this edition- CO2 emissions from natural gas surpass coal as fuel use for the first time in 44 years- Why is this so?
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And Puerto Rico
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Petroleum Refineries In The United States And Puerto Rico written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Eia Publications Directory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Eia Publications Directory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Government publications categories.
State Energy Data Report
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
State Energy Data Report written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Energy consumption categories.
Strategic Petroleum Reserve
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Petroleum products reserves categories.
The possibility of storing refined petroleum products as part of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) has been contemplated since the SPR was created in 1975. The SPR, which currently holds about 700 million barrels of crude oil, was created to help insulate the U.S. economy from oil supply disruptions. However, the SPR does not contain refined products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 directed the Department of Energy (DOE) to increase the SPR's capacity from 727 million barrels to 1 billion barrels, which it plans to do by 2018. With the possibility of including refined products as part of the expansion of the SPR, this testimony discusses (1) some of the arguments for and against including refined products in the SPR and (2) lessons learned from the management of the existing crude oil SPR that may be applicable to refined products. To address these issues, GAO relied on its 2006 report on the SPR (GAO-06-872), 2007 report on the globalization of petroleum products (GAO-08-14), and two 2008 testimonies on the cost-effectiveness of filling the SPR (GAO-08-512T and GAO-08-726T). GAO also reviewed prior DOE and International Energy Agency studies on refined product reserves. Since the SPR, the largest emergency crude oil reserve in the world, was created in 1975 a number of arguments have been made for and against including refined petroleum products. Some of the arguments for including refined products in the SPR are: (1) the United States' increased reliance on imports and resulting exposure to supply disruptions or unexpected increases in demand elsewhere in the world, (2) possible reduced refinery capacity during weather related supply disruptions, (3) time needed for petroleum product imports to reach all regions of the United States in case of an emergency, and (4) port capacity bottlenecks in the United States, which limit the amount of petroleum products that can be imported quickly during emergencies. For example, the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina demonstrated that the concentration of refineries on the Gulf Coast and resulting damage to pipelines left the United States to rely on imports of refined product from Europe. Consequently, regions experienced a shortage of gasoline and prices rose. Conversely, some of the arguments against including refined products in the SPR are: (1) the surplus of refined products in Europe, (2) the high storage costs of refined products, (3) the use of a variety of different type of blends of refined products--"boutique" fuels--in the United States, and (4) policy alternatives that may diminish reliance on oil. For example, Europe has a surplus of gasoline products because of a shift to diesel engines, which experts say will continue for the foreseeable future. Europe's surplus of gasoline is available to the United States in emergencies and provided deliveries following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005. The following three lessons learned from the management of the existing SPR may have some applicability in dealing with refined products. (1) Select a cost-effective mix of products. In 2006, GAO recommended that DOE include at least 10 percent heavy crude oil in the SPR. If DOE bought 100 million barrels of heavy crude oil during its expansion of the SPR it could save over $1 billion in nominal terms, assuming a price differential of $12 between the price of light and heavy crude, the average differential from 2003 through 2007. Similarly, if directed to include refined products as part of the SPR, DOE will need to determine the most cost-effective mix of products. (2) Consider using a dollar-cost-averaging acquisition approach. Also in 2006, GAO recommended that DOE consider acquiring a steady dollar value--rather than a steady volume--of oil over time when filling the SPR. This would allow DOE to acquire more oil when prices are low and less when prices are high. GAO expects that a dollar-cost-averaging acquisition method would also provide benefits when acquiring refined products. (3) Maximize cost-effective storage options. According to DOE, below ground salt formations offer the lowest cost approach for storing crude oil for long periods of time--$3.50 per barrel in capital cost versus $15 to $18 per barrel for above ground storage tanks. Similarly, DOE will need to explore the most cost-effective storage options for refined products.
Influences Of Offshore Activity
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Panama Canal/Outer Continental Shelf
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Influences Of Offshore Activity written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Panama Canal/Outer Continental Shelf and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Marine mineral resources categories.
Monthly Catalog Of United States Government Publications
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Monthly Catalog Of United States Government Publications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Government publications categories.
