Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Pre Exposure Prophylaxis Against Hiv
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Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Pre Exposure Prophylaxis Against Hiv
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Author : Max Von Kleist
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-10-27
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Pre Exposure Prophylaxis Against Hiv written by Max Von Kleist and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-27 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Predictive Effectiveness Of On Demand Pre Exposure Prophylaxis To Prevent Hiv
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Author : Olga Dorabiala
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Predictive Effectiveness Of On Demand Pre Exposure Prophylaxis To Prevent Hiv written by Olga Dorabiala and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
An important strategy for preventing HIV infection involves taking a drug in case of exposure. Continuous, daily dosing of Truvada, an anti-retroviral HIV drug, with the first dose administered a full month before the initial high-risk incident, is the current CDC recommendation for preventing infection through pre-exposure prophlyaxis (PrEP). However, the IPERGAY study showed that taking only three doses - one before and two following exposure to HIV - may prevent HIV infection almost as effectively as continuous dosing, with the added benefit of smaller quantity of drugs being administered. This is called ``on-demand PrEP''. For this latter strategy, uncertainty exists around the optimum time to start treatment as well as how many doses to take. To address this question, we developed and analyzed a mathematical model of early infection and pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection based on virus dynamics and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Truvada. We ran simulations and analyzed the results in order to come up with predictions and recommendations on the best strategies for disease prevention with regards to when to start and stop treatment and the frequency of doses, within the range one is safely permitted to take. We show that PrEP is likely an effective method for preventing infection and provide more narrow guidelines for a dosing schedule than those used in the IPERGAY study.
Pharmacokinetic And Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated With Antiretroviral Drugs
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Author : Tony K. L. Kiang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-21
Pharmacokinetic And Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated With Antiretroviral Drugs written by Tony K. L. Kiang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-21 with Medical categories.
Clinically-focussed, with easily accessible tables and chapter summaries suitable for clinicians and researchers, this comprehensive book provides a systematic, critical evaluation of the current literature. An updated clinical decision-making algorithm specifically tailored to the antiretroviral drugs is also provided. The identified interactions are interpreted in the context of known mechanisms derived from clinical, preclinical, and in vitro data. The clinical relevance of the interactions is systematically evaluated and gaps in literature discussed in the context of potential future experiments. In addition to the comprehensive summary of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions associated with WHO-recommended antiretroviral drugs on the market today (i.e. nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors), this book also provides detailed section summaries on the epidemiology of HIV infection, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy, basic pharmacology of the individual antiretrovirals, pertinent pre-clinical and in vitro molecular pharmacology, and in vitro drug interaction data available in the literature today.
Population Pharmacokinetic And Machine Learning Methods To Increase Precision Of Adherence Assessments For Hiv Prevention
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Author : Mustafa E. Ibrahim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Population Pharmacokinetic And Machine Learning Methods To Increase Precision Of Adherence Assessments For Hiv Prevention written by Mustafa E. Ibrahim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Adherence to a prescribed medication regimen is an important consideration in both clinical trial conduct and real-world treatment plans, and it is increasingly evident that adherence predicts better treatment outcomes. Adequate adherence is the determining factor of treatment efficacy for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis with daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (F/TDF), and objective and precise methods to assess adherence are therefore needed. A previous study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of tenofovir-diphosphate, the active intracellular anabolite of tenofovir, in red blood cells and established gradient adherence benchmarks based on these concentrations. Subsequent analyses indicated four doses/week as corresponding to the concentration at which the relative risk reduction of HIV acquisition is 100% (86%-100%). However, several limitations exist with these interpretations that can impede generalized implementation in clinical trials and clinical practice. The focus of this work was to improve upon the precision of the use of these concentrations as an objective measure of adherence by population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and machine learning methods to characterize inter-individual variability of tenofovir-diphosphate concentrations and develop tailored adherence benchmarks based on individual variations in concentration. We found that current interpretations generalize to overly conservative estimates of adherence and that individual variations in drug concentration are dependent on body weight and platelet count. Incorporation of these variables into adherence assessments decreased misclassification rates by almost half and identified a sub-population of those weighing less than 70 kg as having the highest baseline concentrations. When these tailored benchmarks were applied to a "real-world" population of individuals who participated in the Open Label Extension of the iPrEx trial, 24/28 observed HIV infections occurred in individuals weighing less than 70 kg, indicating that these individuals were even less adherent than previous interpretations implied. These results indicate the probability of increased pharmacological forgiveness of F/TDF for PrEP and provide further support for intermittent PrEP dosing. In addition, four distinct adherence patterns were identified in these individuals, which provided an additional characteristic for consideration in the allocation of adherence and risk-reduction counseling.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6
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Author : King K. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Review Of The Hhs Family Planning Program
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Author : Adrienne Stith Butler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009-08-01
Review Of The Hhs Family Planning Program written by Adrienne Stith Butler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-01 with categories.
Consolidated Guidelines On The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs For Treating And Preventing Hiv Infection
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Consolidated Guidelines On The Use Of Antiretroviral Drugs For Treating And Preventing Hiv Infection written by World Health Organization and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Encyclopedia Of Aids
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Author : Thomas J. Hope
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Encyclopedia Of Aids written by Thomas J. Hope and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with AIDS (Disease) categories.
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Biotech Drugs
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Author : Bernd Meibohm
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-12-13
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Biotech Drugs written by Bernd Meibohm and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-13 with Science categories.
This first ever coverage of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of biopharmaceuticals meets the need for a comprehensive book in this field. It spans all topics from lead identification right up to final-stage clinical trials. Following an introduction to the role of PK and PD in the development of biotech drugs, the book goes on to cover the basics, including the pharmacokinetics of peptides, monoclonal antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, as well as viral and non-viral gene delivery vectors. The second section discusses such challenges and opportunities as pulmonary delivery of proteins and peptides, and the delivery of oligonucleotides. The final section considers the integration of PK and PD concepts into the biotech drug development plan, taking as case studies the preclinical and clinical drug development of tasidotin, as well as the examples of cetuximab and pegfilgrastim. The result is vital reading for all pharmaceutical researchers.
Hiv Prevention
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Author : Kenneth H. Mayer
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2009-03-13
Hiv Prevention written by Kenneth H. Mayer and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-13 with Medical categories.
HIV/AIDS continues to be the pandemic of our times and there has not been a comprehensive medically based AIDS prevention book published in the last 5 years. It is estimated that 36 to 45 million people including 2-3 million children already are infected worldwide and an additional 4-7 million more are infected each year. There are about 6,000 new infections daily and about 12 million AIDS orphans. People receiving AIDS treatments feel well and have no detectable viral load, but still can infect others. And even when a vaccine is found, it will take many years before it can be administered across the developing world. Discusses all aspects of AIDS prevention, from epidemiology, molecular immunology and virology to the principles of broad-based public health prevention interventions Special focus on the array of interventions that have been proven effective through rigorous study Identifies new trends in HIV/AID epidemiology and their impact on creating and implementing prevention interventions Incorporates virology, biology, infectious diseases, vaccinology, microbicides and research methodologies into AIDS prevention