Photoreceptor Optics
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Photoreceptor Optics
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Author : A.W. Snyder
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Photoreceptor Optics written by A.W. Snyder and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The above consideration indicates that at present many of the experi mental facts on PS in animals can be quantitatively explained within the limits of the "universal" photoreceptor membrane concept. Of course, existence of preferential orientation of the absorbing dipoles in the tubuli of the rhabdomeres can not be totally rejected. We hope that the concept of the "universal" photoreceptor membrane may serve as the useful instrument when dealing with newly discovered properties of visual cells so that true mechanisms of electrical and optical coupling will be searched for instead of assumptions being made on additional properties of the photoreceptor membrane in every new animal under study. 5. Absorption Spectrum of the Universal Photoreceptor Membrane and Spectral Sensitivity of the Photoreceptor 5. 1 Preliminary Notes It seems nearly self-evident that the absorption spectrum of the pho toreceptor membrane coincides exactly with that of the visual pigment it contains. Hence, the membrane must exhibit three bands of absorp tion - the principal band with its peak within the limits of visible spectrum (or a-peak); the secondary band between 340 and 380 nm (S peak); and the third, protein band, in the ultraviolet (UV) at 280 nm (COLLINS et al. , 1952). The main peak of absorption is located within the range 433-575 nm for retinol-based pigments and between 438 and 620 nm for 3-dehydroretinol-based pigments, the position of Amax de pending on many ecological factors.
Vertebrate Photoreceptor Optics
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Author : J.M. Enoch
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1981-09
Vertebrate Photoreceptor Optics written by J.M. Enoch and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981-09 with Medical categories.
With contributions by numerous experts
Photoreceptor Optics
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Author : A. W. Snyder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Photoreceptor Optics written by A. W. Snyder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.
Photoreceptor Optics And Neural Microcircuitry In The Insect Eye
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Author : Johannes H. van Hateren
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Photoreceptor Optics And Neural Microcircuitry In The Insect Eye written by Johannes H. van Hateren and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Eye categories.
In Vivo Characterization Of Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Opthalmoscopy In Different Racial Groups
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Author : Ernesto Blanco Rivero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
In Vivo Characterization Of Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density With Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Opthalmoscopy In Different Racial Groups written by Ernesto Blanco Rivero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with African Americans categories.
Cone photoreceptors are one of the two types of essential light sensitive cells that initiate the visual process in the human retina. A normal database of the cone density of healthy eyes may provide an important measure for diagnosing retinal diseases that cause photoreceptor loss, for monitoring disease progression, and for evaluating treatment outcome. Recent studies revealed that the foveal pit morphology, retina thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and optic nerve head structure significantly correlated with racial background. We hypothesize that the cone density may be also modified by racial background. To test this hypothesis, I used a novel instrument called adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) to acquire high-resolution retinal images from subjects from three different races: European-American (EA), African-American (AA), and South-Asian (SA). The subjects' ages were between 19 and 29 years old. The AOSLO retinal images rendered clearly resolved cone photoreceptors, allowing for direct assessment of the cone density in the living human retina. To improve the measurement accuracy, I evaluated the inter-rater reproducibility, examined the sampling window size, and calculated the retinal magnification factor for each study subject with consideration of the effect of the eye length and the refractive error. Cone densities were measured along two orthogonal retinal strips across the foveal center, subtending 20-degree along both the nasal-temporal and the superior-inferior axes. I assessed the cone density distribution with an advanced statistical method called mixed model analysis. In all subjects, cone density reaches a peak value at the foveal center and decreases with increasing retinal eccentricity. Statistical analysis didn't find significant difference between the cone densities of the EA and AA groups. However, the mean cone density along the temporal-nasal axis of the SA group significantly differs from those of the EA and AA groups. Interestingly, the differences between the cone densities along the superior-inferior axis of the three groups are not significant. The study suggests that a normal database of the cone density can be established with the data acquired from the EA and AA.
Physiology Of Photoreceptor Organs
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Author : Michelangelo G.F. Fuortes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Physiology Of Photoreceptor Organs written by Michelangelo G.F. Fuortes and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
This volume is a collection of essays which attempts to summarize the recent progress in the field of photoreceptor and retinal physiology. Reflecting the way in which research is organized, each author reports on the studies performed with the techniques with which he is most familiar: morpholo gical, chemical or physiological. The first chapters describe the structure of visual cells and the histological architecture of the retina. Next comes a summary of the laws governing photochemical reactions and a report on the biochemistry of photopigments. Four articles cover the optical properties of invertebrate eyes and the electrophysiology and the interactions of their photoreceptors. These are followed by a discussion of the properties of vertebrate eyes, including chapters on optics, on the electrical responses of rods and cones and on the functional organization of the retina. The final chapter provides an extensive review of retinal biochemistry and metabolism. Even though the experimental approach differs, all studies are directed toward the solution of two basic problems: transduction in the photoreceptors and orga nization (often called "information processing") in the retina. The central problem of photoreceptor cells is to determine how light produces a response. We know that illumination evokes electrical changes and we have recently learned a great deal about the features of these changes. The evidence indicates however that elaborate processes must be interposed between the ab sorption of photons by the pigment and the production of electric currents through the membrane. These intermediary cvents remain to be unraveled.
An Automated Image Processing System For The Detection Of Photoreceptor Cells In Adaptive Optics Retinal Images
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Author : A. Lazareva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
An Automated Image Processing System For The Detection Of Photoreceptor Cells In Adaptive Optics Retinal Images written by A. Lazareva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Human Photoreceptor Cone Density Measured With Adaptive Optics Technology Rtx1 Device In Healthy Eyes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Human Photoreceptor Cone Density Measured With Adaptive Optics Technology Rtx1 Device In Healthy Eyes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Physiology Of Photoreceptor Organs
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Author : Michelangelo G. F. Fuortes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972-12-11
Physiology Of Photoreceptor Organs written by Michelangelo G. F. Fuortes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-12-11 with categories.
Organic Photoreceptors For Imaging Systems
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Author : Borsenberger
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-10-08
Organic Photoreceptors For Imaging Systems written by Borsenberger and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-08 with Science categories.
This reference covers in detail the preparation and application of current and emerging organic materials used as xerographic photoreceptors, emphasizing the photo-electric properties of organic solids and evaluating their potential use in xerography.;Reviewing the development of xerography and the steps in the xerographic process, this volume: summarizes the properties, advantages and disadvantages of various classes of materials used as photoreceptors; describes the methods of characterizing the sensitometry of xerographic photoreceptors; examines the physics and chemistry of photogeneration and charge transport processes; and elucidates the sensimetry of different classes of organic materials.;Organic Photoreceptors for Imaging Systems is intended for imaging scientists, optical engineers and physicists, organic chemists, materials scienctists and students in these disciplines.
